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李啓炳 한국현대영어영문학회 1982 현대영어영문학 Vol.21 No.1
Though Joseph H. Greenberg once defined English is a SVO language in typology there are in fact, various other forms, which are not SVO order in constituent structure, what they call inverted order or simply inversion, and these inverted forms have been existed or used from the oldest English and are still wide in use especially in written English. In this paper, inversion or inverted order is only the structure that because an element(s) in a sentence is preposed to the place theme or topic is usually placed, the unmarked subject is postposed after verbals. This paper suggests some traditional grammarians' views of inversion, such as Jespersen's, Curme's and Quirk's, and tries to survey what elements cause inversion in English and find their forms according to the preposed elements. Despite most of transformationalists' view that inversion is not inherent in English but stylistic transformation, the sum and substance of this study is: (1) The inverted forms are 14 in English (2) The chief uses of inversion are something about 15; to put emphasis on an element, especially adverbials, to keep sentence balance, to keep the relative weight, to keep effective and efficient communication, to attract attention, to put into dramatic or literary expression, to increase informative value, or for set phrases quotations and direct narration, conditional clause without conjunction, stage direction, question and introductory words, etc. As long as many restrictions of expression or communication are there in written language (English) rather than in spoken language (English), inversions will continue in use. as a stylistic use or one of natural English constituent orders
이계병,윤민한,박창현,장길수 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2
This paper proposes a method to utilize an energy storage system (ESS) based on the assessment of an area of severity (AOS) to voltage sag. The AOS is defined as a set of the fault positions that can cause voltage sags at many buses simultaneously. The assessment of AOS helps to determine an optimal location of ESS installation to minimize the expected sag frequency (ESF) at concerned buses. The ESS has the ability not only to play traditionally known roles but also to mitigate voltage sag impact on renewable energy sources (RES) in the islanded microgrid. Accordingly, using the proposed method the ESS has additional features to prevent the operation failure of RESs and improve the stability of the microgrid. In order to verify the presented method, a case study was conducted on the sample microgrid system that is modified from an IEEE 57-bus system.
이계병 충북대학교 인문과학연구소 1995 人文學誌 Vol.13 No.1
Recently, two approaches for studying the English middle have appeared. These two approaches differ from the other types of analyses already suggested. One approach is syntatic and the other is semamtic. The former is espoused by Keyser and Roeper(1984), Fagan(1988), and stroik(1992). The latter can be seen in Oosten (1986), Fellbaum (1986), Hale and Keyser (1988), etc. The claims and proposals of syntactic approaches are that the middle is derived from a transitive clause by Move -α by which a thematic internal argument is moved into external argument position and that a agent NP is deleted in the lexicon. The analyses of semantic approaches are that the middle is nothing other than an unaccusative (which claims that the single syntatic argument assumes the object grammatical function at the D-structure level of representation of sentences) and that middles are patient-focused constructions that state that any agent can or will perform the action expressed on the patient in the manner, or with the degree of facility, or with the outcome, specified by the given adverb. What follows are suggested in this essay. (1) Middle verbs are intransitive verbs derived from homophonous transitive verbs. (2) Middle verbs are derived from the lexicon by a lexical rule which dictates the representation of correlation between V and its governing NP. The thematic structure of a relevant verb such as "AGENT <THEME>" is transformed into the thematic structure ?? of middle like "Theme <??>". (3) The thematic semantic structure of the middle verb is directly mapped on D-structure in syntax, and so middle verbs do not require thematic argument movement on the syntactic level. (4) The middle construction is an expression representing a particular correlation between V and its patient NP. Along with the line of such a correlation, how it ccurs, in other word, the way in which it occurs, should be obligatorily represented in syntax. The correlation between a middle verb and its underlying object (patient NP) necessarily occurs either positively or negatively. That is why adverbial phrases, especially advers of manner are required and allowed in middle constructions. Lastly, there remains a question unanswered here as to the reason why not all transitive verbs have corresponding middle verbs though the latter always have their transitive counterparts.