만경강하류 생태계에서의 종속영양 세균의 계절적 분포와 이화학적 특성

이건형,이영옥,이규춘 ( Geon Hyoung Lee,Young Ok Lee,Kyu Choun Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1991 생태와 환경 Vol.24 No.1

This study was carried out bimonthly from October, 1989 to August, 1990. As a part of preliminary ecological survey to elucidate the struture and function of lower Mankyong River ecosystem. Water temperature, pH, salinity and inorganic nurients (ammonia-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N and phosphate-P) were measured. Annual variation of total heterotrophic bacteria, physiologically characteristic bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria were also measured for microbiological analysis. When we considered the parameters in all its aspects, water quality near Mokchon Bridge (St. 4) was remarkably polluted as compared with other stations. Total heterotrophic bacterial population during investigation periods was ranged from 5.0 x 10³ c.f.u. ml to 1.3 x 10^6 c.f.u. ml. Seasonal mean values of proteolytic bacterial populations showed higher densities than those of lipolytic and amylolytic bacteria at all stations. Fecal pollution near St. 4 was more serious than other stations. Among 93 isolates, 55.9% were rods and 64.5% were Gram negative. According to morphological, physiological, nutritional and biochemical tests, isolated bacteria adapted not only broad range of water temperature, pH, and salinity but also various kinds of nutrients.

만경강 하류에서의 종속영양 세균의 계절적 분포와 항생제 내성세균의 특성

이건형,이규춘 ( Geon Hyoung Lee,Kyu Choun Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.2

To determine the characteristics and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacterial populations in the lower Mankyoung River, a total of 106 bacterial strains isolated were examined for susceptibility to 8 antibacterial agents. Isolates identified as to genus by API kits were revealed as Pseudomonas spp.(26 strains), Enterobacter spp.(25), Acinetobacter spp.(17), Escherichia spp.(16), Shigella spp.(6), Moraxella spp.(5), Klebsiella spp.(4), Citrobacter spp.(3), Aeromonas spp.(1), Serratia spp. and 2 unidentified strains. Isolates by the high concentration disc diffusion technique showed higher incidence of resistance to ampicillin(AM), cephalothin(CF), and tetracycline(Te), but most of them showed sensitivity to gentamicin(GM) and amikacin(AN). A total of 20 different patterns of multiple antibiotic resistance were observed. An increase of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria was partly was antibiotic resistance transfer to indigenous bacteria must be considered on risk assessment of the release of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment.

바이칼호에서 분리한 빈영양성 세균과 저온성 세균의 탄소원 이용 특성

이건형,배명숙,박석환,송홍규,안태석,Lee Geon-Hyoung,Bae Myoung-Sook,Park Suhk-Hwan,Song Hong-Gyu,Ahn Tae-Seok 한국미생물학회 2004 미생물학회지 Vol.40 No.3

2000년 9월부터 2002년 12월 사이에 바이칼호에서 분리된 빈영양성 세균 168균주와 저온성 세균 132균주를 대상으로 BIOLOG Microplate를 이용하여 탄소원의 이용특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 빈영양성 세균 중 oxidase 양성 (GN-NENT 그룹)의 86% (56균주)와 oxidase음성 (GN-ENT그룹)의 89% (92균주), 저온성 세균 중 oxidase 음성 (GN-ENT 그룹)의 82% (85균주)는 다앙한 탄소원 중에서 $\alpha$-D-glucose를 이용할 수 있었으며, 저온성 세균 중 oxidase 양성 (GN-NENT 그룹)의 93% (26 균주)는 bromosuccinic acid를 이용하였다. $\alpha$-D-lactose는 빈영양성 GN-ENT 그룹의 일부만이 이용하였으며 나머지 균주들은 전혀 이용하지 못하였다. BIOLOG Microplate를 이용하여 동정된 균들을 속별로 살펴보면, Pseudomonas속이 49균주로 가장 많았으며, 그 외에도 Salmonella 속, Serratia속, Buttiauxella 속, Pantoea 속, Yersinia 속, Brevundimonas 속, Hydrogenophaga 속, Photorhabdus 속, Sphingomonas 속, Xenorhabdus 속이 동정되었다. To scrutinize the physiological diversity by BIOLOG microplate, the carbon source utilization patterns of 168 strains of oligotrophic bacteria and 132 strains of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from Lake Baikal during 2000 and 2002 were investigated. Eighty-six percent (56 strains) of oxidase test positive group (GN-NENT group) and 89 % (92 strains) of oxidase test negative group (GN-ENT group) among oligotrophic bacteria, and 82% (85 strains) of oxidase test negative group among psychrotrophic bacteria were able to utilize $\alpha$-D-glucose as a sole-carbon-source, and 93% (26 strains) of oxidase test positive group among psychrotrophic bacteria were able to utilize bromosuccinic acid as a sole-carbon-source. However, most strains except few oligotrophic bacteria with oxidase test negative group were not able to utilize $\alpha$-D-lactose as a sole-carbon-source. Most dominant genus among 300 strains was Pseudomonas (49 strains). Other dominant genera belonged to Salmonella, Serratia, Buttiauxella, Pantoea, Yersinia, Brevundimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Photorhabdus, Sphingomonas, and Xenorhabdus. Our results by BIOLOG identification system were able to provide basic data to determine community-level carbon source utilization patterns and to accomplish the efficient and reliable identification for microbial community structure in Lake Baikal.

서해산 김 엽체상의 미소생물과 김의 병해와의 관계에 대한 연구 -II. 목포 인근 김 양식장 주변해수에서의 종속영양세균의 계절적 변화-

김정희,이건형,신윤근,김중래,KIM Jeong-Hee,LEE Geon-Hyoung,SHIN Yoon-Keun,KIM Joong-Rae 한국수산과학회 1992 한국수산과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

1990년 2월부터 12월에 걸쳐 목포 인근수역에서 김 양식장 주변해수에 분포하는 종속영양 세균의 계절적 속조성의 변화를 미생물 생태학적 측면에서 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 해수에 나타난 종속영양 세균의 년중 분포는 $1.05\times10^2-1.46\times10^5$\;cfu/ml$ 에서 변화하였으며, 생리적 특성세균의 년중 분포는 단백질 분해세균의 경우, $5.0\times10-4.34\times10^4\;cfu/ml,$ 지방 분해세균은 $0-1.35\times10^4\;cfu/ml,$ 전분 분해세균은 $0-1.2\times10^4\;cfu/ml,$ 의 범주에서 분포하였다. 주변해수에서 분포하는 종속영양 세균의 특성을 조사한 결과, 간균이 $65\%$를 차지하였고, $76.7\%$가 그람 음성으로 나타났다. 분리된 균주의 대부분은 중온성이었으며, 다양한 탄소원을 이용할 수 있었고, 염분내성범위가 넓었다. 또한 우점속은 2월에는 Flavobacterium spp., 3월에는 Acinetobacter spp., Moraxella spp., 7월에는 Vibrio spp., Chromobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., 11월에는 Chromobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp. 등이 출현하여 조사시기와 조사정점에 따라 우점속의 차이를 보였다. To study the seasonal variation of heterotrophic bacteria near the surrounding seawater of Porphyra forming area, samples were collected in the intertidal waters of Mokp'o of the Yellow Sea from February to December, 1990. Annual distribution of heterotrophic bacteria ranged from $7.5\times10^2\;to\;1.1\times10^5\;cfu/ml,$ annual distribution of physiological characteristic bacteria ranged from $5.0\times10\;to\;4.34\times10^4\;cfu/ml$ for proteolytic bacteria, from 0 to $1.35\times10^4\;cfu/ml$ for lipolytic bacteria and from 0 to $1.2\times10^4\;cfu/ml$ for amylolytic bacteria. Sixty-five percent of isolates from seawater were rods, and $76.7\%$ of isolates were Gram-negative. Most isolates were mesophiles and showed utilization of various carbon sources such as glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose and arabinose. Most isolates also showed tolerance to a broad range of salt concentration. Dominant genus in seawater were Flavobacterium spp., in February, Moraxella spp., Acinetobacter spp. in March, Bacillus spp., Chromobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Vibrio spp. in July and Chromobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp. in November.

서해산 김 엽체상의 미소생물과 김의 병해와의 관계에 대한 연구 -III. 김 엽체상에 부착된 종속영양세균의 계절적 변화-

김정희,이건형,이원호,김중래,KIM Jeong-Hee,LEE Geon-Hyoung,LEE Won-Ho,KIM Joong-Rae 한국수산과학회 1992 한국수산과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

To study the seasonal variation of heterotrophic bacteria on the blades of Porphyra species, samples were collected In the intertidal zone near Mokp'o of the Yellow Sea from February to December, 1990 Annual distribution of heterotrophic bacteria on the blades of Porphyra species ranged from $6.9\times10^2\;to\;1.04\times10^5\;cfu/cm^2$ at site 1, and from $9.4\times10^3\;to\;2.93\times10^5\;cfu/cm^2$ at site 2. Average sixty-five percent of isolates from the blades of Porphyra species were rods and $52.1-82.7\%$ of isolates were Gram-negative. Most isolates showed starch hydrolysis$(68\%)$ on March, but showed Poor utilization of carbon sources and no $H_2S$ production. Dominant genus isolated from the baldes of Porphyra species were Alcaligenes spp., Moraxella spp., on March and Micrococcus spp., Moraxella spp., Corynebacterium spp., on November. 1990년 2월부터 12월에 걸쳐 곡포 인근수역에서 김 엽체를 채취하여 김 엽체에 부착된 종속영양 세균의 분포와 계절적 속조성의 변화를 미생물 생태학적 측면에서 조사 비교하였다. 김 엽체에 부착한 종속영양 세균의 년중 분포는 정점 1에서 $6.9\times10^2-1.04\times10^5\;cfu/cm^2$, 정점 2에서 $9.4\times10^3-2.93\times10^5\;cfu/cm^2$ 범주에서 변화하였으며, 조사기간 중 김 엽체에서 분리된 세균의 특성을 살펴보면 간균이 평균 $65\%$를, 그람음성이 $52.1-82.7\%$를 차지하였다. 분리된 균중 $68\%$는 3월에 전분분해능을 나타냈으나 전반적으로 탄소원의 이용은 빈약했으며 $H_2S$ 생성을 하지 않았다. 김 엽체에서 분리된 세균 중 우점속은. 3월의 경우 Alcaligenes spp., Moruella spp.가 우점속으로 나타났으며, 11월의 경우 Microcaccus spp., Moraxella spp., Corynebacterium spp.이 우점속으로 나타났다.

군산지역 초등학교 정수기 물의 미생물학적 수질

서란주,박석환,이건형,Seo, Lan-Ju,Park, Suhk-Hwan,Lee, Geon-Hyoung 한국미생물학회 2009 미생물학회지 Vol.45 No.1

2007년 7월부터 12월까지 총 5회 전라북도 군산에 위치한 초등학교의 정수기 물을 대상으로 미생물학적 수질에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 정수기 물의 종속영양세균의 분포는 $0{\sim}1.2{\pm}0.2{\times}10^4CFU/ml$의 범주에서 나타났는데, 이 중 최대값은 우리나라 먹는 물 수질기준을 120배 초과하는 값을 나타냈다. 월별 수질기준을 초과하는 정수기 물의 백분율은 7월과 9월에 90%, 10월과 11월에 87.2%, 12월에 93.7%로 조사되었다. 한편 총대장균군과 병원성 세균인 Salmonella와 Shigella는 정수기 물과 수돗물에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 총 5회의 실험 중 정수기 물에서 분리한 세균을 분자생물학적인 방법으로 동정한 결과, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Caulobacter, Novosphingobium, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Aminobacter, Ralstonia, Mitsuaria, Variovorax, Acidovorax, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, Lapillicoccus, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Janibacter, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Hymenobacter 등 26개 속이 동정되었다. 검출된 세균의 대부분은 일반 환경에서 다량 존재하는 세균들로서 병원성이 없으나, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Acinetobacter johnsonii 등은 기회감염균으로 면역력이 낮은 초등학교 학생들의 경우 감염의 가능성이 있다. In this research, we investigated the actual conditions of water purification systems at ten elementary schools located in Gunsan, Korea from July to December, 2007. The results were as follows; The population densities of heterotrophic bacteria in water purifiers ranged from 0 to $1.2{\pm}0.2{\times}10^4$ CFU/ml and those of tap water were in the range from 0 to $1.9{\pm}0.3{\times}10^4$ CFU/ml during investigation periods. Ninety percentage of purified water samples in July and September, 87.2% in October and November, and 93.7% in December turned out not to be suitable for drinking. The seasonal variation of the population densities of heterotrophic bacteria from purified waters was not notable. The total coliform, Salmonella and Shigella were not detected in purified water and tap water during investigation periods. Forty-five species of bacteria were isolated from water purifiers. The identified bacterial genera were Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Caulobacter, Novosphingobium, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Aminobacter, Ralstonia, Mitsuaria, Variovorax, Acidovorax, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, Lapillicoccus, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Janibacter, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Hymenobacter: Among the isolates, opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, and Acinetobacter johnsonii were also found.

16S rDNA염기서열에 의한 불가사리(Asterias amurensis) 장내에서 분리된 종속영양세균 군집의 다양성

최강국,이오형,이건형,Choi, Gang-Guk,Lee, Oh-Hyung,Lee, Geon-Hyoung 한국생태학회 2003 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.26 No.6

본 연구는 2000년 7월에 전남 장흥군에서 채집한 불가사리의 장내에 존재하는 종속영양세균의 다양성에 대해서 알아보았다. 불가사리 장내에 존재하는 균체수를 측정하였으며, 순수 분리된 균주를 대상으로 16S rDNA 증폭기법을 이용하여 세균의 다양성을 조사하였다. 불가사리 장내에 분포하는 종속영양세균의 균체수는 8.65${\pm}$0.65${\times}10^3\;dfu\;g^{-1}$이었다. 29 균주의 세균이 순수 분리되었으며, 그 중 그람양성 세균은 분리된 균주의 59% (17균주)를 차지하였다. 불가사리 장내에서 분리된 균주는 Bacillus속, Microbacterium 속, 그리고 Marinobacter 속 등이 우점이었으며, 이외에도 Staphylococcus 속, Psychrobacter 속, Paracoccus 속, Erythrobacter 속, Zoogloea 속, Kocuria 속과 Arthrobacter 속 등이 포함되었다. 분리된 균주 가운데 Bacillus 속에 속하는 8균주 중 3균주는 type strain과 97% 이상의 유사도를 보인 반면, 5 균주는 유사도가 90%로 비교적 낮은 유사도를 보여 현재까지 알려지지 않은 신종일 가능성이 높다고 하겠다. To study the diversity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from intestine of starfish, Asterias amurensis, we collected starfishes from the coastal area near Jangheung-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, Korea during July, 2000. Population density and bacterial diversity in the intestine of starfish were measured. The results were as follows; The population densities of heterotrophic bacteria in the intestine of starfish were 8.65${\pm}$0.65${\times}10^3\;dfu\;g^{-1}$. Gram positive bacteria occupied 59% among 29 isolates. The community structure of dominant heterotrophic bacteria in the intestine of starfish consisted of Bacillaceae in the low G+C gram positive bacteria subphylum, Microbacteriaceae in the high G+C gram positive bacteria subphylum, and Alteromonadaceae in ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria subphylum. Among eight strains of Bacillus spp., three strains showed more than 97% identity, but five strains showed about 90% identity with type strain on the basis of partial 16S rDNA sequence.

한강의 수질과 생물지표로서의 세균군 계수

홍순우,하영칠,안태석,이건형 ( Soon Woo Hong,Young Chil Hah,Tae Seok Ahn,Geon Hyoung Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 1983 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Samples were taken from the surface waters of the main stream of Han river at four designated sites in Seoul city area from September, 1980 to August, 1981. Enumeration of total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria grown on selective media and correlation coefficient with six physico-chemical factors were studied. Temperature distribution showed a regular seasonal cycle and ranged from 0.3℃ to 27℃ during investigation. Every sites of water maintained stable pH values ranged from pH 7.5 to pH 7.7. The oxygen content of the water was, relatively high near Cheon Ho Bridge of site I and lowered along the downstream. The monthly values of oxygen concentration varied between 1.6㎎/ℓ and 12.97㎎/ℓ at all sites. It showed that the oxygen depletion was becoming severe along the downstream. Annual average value of BOD were found to be 2.97㎎/ℓ at site 1, 5.70㎎/ℓ at site 2, 7.85㎎/ℓ at site 3 and 8.84㎎/ℓ at site 4. Annual average concentration of ammonium-N varied between 0.17㎎-at N/l and 2.53㎎-at N/l. The nitrite-N concentrations were relatively high comparing with those which were measured in 1977-1978 by Hong et al., their annual values of concentration varied between 10.84㎍-at N/l and 39.04㎍-at N/l. The concentration of nitrate-N were demonstrated similar values of all sampling sites during investigation and they were in the range of 3.21-3.47㎎-at N/l.? The mean annual values of conductivity varied from 0.72mΩ/㎝ to 0. 88mΩ/㎝. The total bacteria counted by NA media were in the range of 5.5×10 exp (3) - 3.6×10 exp (8) cells/㎖. The population density of total bacteria was highest at site 2 and lowest at site 1. Annual average population density of total coliform and fecal coliform by MPN method were in the range of 8.63×10 exp (3) - 2.41×10 exp (5) /100㎖, 1.39×10 exp (4) - 4.21×10 exp (5) /100㎖, respectively. Enumeration of coliforms by Endo and EC media also showed similar population density comparing with MPN methods. The presence of fecal coliforms in surface water was more accurately correlated with fecal discharges than total coliform group. Mean annual population density of salmonella & shigella groups grown on selective media were in the range of 9.68×10 exp (2) - 5.23×10 exp (3) cells/㎖ and that of streptococci and staphylococci were 3-1.75×10 exp (2) cells/㎖, 1.51×10 exp (2) - 2.79×10 exp (2) cells/㎖, respectively. According to correlation coefficients, fecal coliforms at site 2, site 3 and site 4 might closely relate with domestic waste origin of nitrogen sources.

항온 호기 배양 조건에서 잔디 예초물 액비로부터 무기화된 질소의 농도 변화

이태규(Tae-Kyu Lee),박지숙(Ji-Suk Park),이민진(Min-Jin Lee),김종성(Jong-Sung Kim),노희명(Hee-Myong Ro),김상준(Sang-Jun Kim),전승우(Seung-Woo Jeon),서상국(Sang-Gug Seo),김길용(Kil-Yong Kim),이건형(Geon-Hyoung Lee),정병곤(Byung-Gon Jeo 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.6

이번 연구에서는 잔디 예초물 혼합액비가 지닌 질소질비료로서의 가치를 평가하기 위해 사양토와 양토에 잔디 예초물 혼합액비를 처리 후 25°C에서 60일간의 항온배양실험을 진행하였고 배양기간 동안의 pH, 전기전도도, 질소의 무기화와 질산화의 변화를 조사하였다. 잔디 예초물 혼합액비를 시용하였을 경우 토양 내에서 무기화가 일어나지 않았고 혼합액비 내의 무기태질소가 질산화작용을 통해 질산태 질소를 발생시키는 것을 보았는데 60일간의 배양 결과 양토에서는 185.58 mg kg^-1의 질산태 질소가 존재하였고 사양토의 경우 130.05 mg kg^-1의 질산태 질소가 존재하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 하지만 잔디 예초물 혼합액비를 현행 질소 시비수준으로 처리하였을 경우 사양토에서 pH 5.1, EC (1:5) 0.50 dS m^-1로 나타났고, 양토에서 pH 7.2, EC (1:5) 0.65 dS m^-1를 나타냄으로써 산성화와 염류집적을 일으킬 가능성도 함께 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통하여 잔디 예초물 혼합액비가 질소질 비료를 대체하여 사용할 수 있음을 보여줌으로써 유기 부산물을 재활용한 질소 공급원으로서의 이용 가능성을 보여주었다. To assess fertilizer value of an quasi-aerobically fermented liquid clipped-grass fertilizer, aerobic incubation experiment using two texturally contrasting loam (L) and sandy loam (SL) soils was conducted for 60 days to investigate temporal variations in N mineralization pattern of the liquid fertilizer applied. To do so, the quasi-aerobically fermented liquid clipped-grass fertilizer was prepared, applied to each soil at a rate of 200 kg-N ha^-1 and aerobically 25℃ in the dark. During incubation, soil water content was adjusted to field moisture capacity (-33 kPa of soil matric potential) by adding distilled water as necessary to maintain their initial weights. At desired time of incubation (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 days after incubation), soil was sampled and analyzed for inorganic nitrogen (NH₄⁺_-N and NO₃^-_-N) concentrations, pH, EC, total carbon contents and total nitrogen contents. Concentrations of NH₄⁺_-N began to decrease right after incubation for L soils, and 10 days after incubation for SL soils, while those of NO₃^-_-N began to increase onset of NH₄⁺_-N disappearance. The results of this study showed that quasi-aerobically fermented liquid clipped-grass fertilizer could serve as an alternative to chemical N fertilizer.

군산인근해역에서 분리동정된 Vibrio 속의 특성과 해수에서의 생존

왕혜영(Hye Young Wang),이건형(Geon Hyoung Lee) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.4

To investigate the population dynamics and survival of Genus Vibrio, population densities of aerobic saprophytic bacteria and Vibrio groups were measured 4 times in the intertidal waters of the Yellow Sea near Kunsan from November, 1997 to June, 1998. The distribution of heterotrophic bacteria during the survey periods by plate count and direct count method ranged from 1.2±0.6×10 exp (3) to 2.0±1.5×10 exp (4) CFU ml^-1 and from 6.0±4.0×10 exp (5) to 1.9±1.5×10 exp (7) cells ml^-1, respectively. Vibrio groups were distributed in the range of 1×10 and 6±2.2×10 exp (2) CFU ml^-1. The proportion of Vibrio groups to total heterotrophic bacteria was between 0.1 and 6% during the survey periods. A total of 51 isolates was obtained from TCBS agar plates and identified to species level by Biolog Identification System^™. As a result, dominant genera were V. mediterranei, V. anguillarum, V. metschnikovii, and V. parahaemolyticus, and isolates were clustered into 26 groups based on the relatedness of average linkage clustering method at 70% level. As for the susceptibility of 51 isolates to 7 kinds of antibacterial agents (gentamicin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, carbenicillin), 96% of isolates showed high resistance to more than one antibiotics and 65% of isolates contained a plasmid, of which size was observed greater than 12kb. The number of cells of 3 tested strains (V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, and V. metschnikovii) in filtered aged seawater decreased by approximately 1 to 5 orders of magnitude during 30-d incubation. In most cases, the numbers of cells decreased rapidly until day 3,then decreased slowly by day 30. The number of cells incubated at 15℃ showed higher survival than those at 4℃ and 25℃. These results may be considered for the basic supporting data in the risk assessment of vibriosis in summer. [Vibrio, distribution, Biolog Identification system, resistance to antibiotics, survival in seawater].