Production of Lactic Acid from Various Biomass

유병조 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1

Recently, oil-shortage and environmental pollution have caused increasing needs of producing biochemicals using non-food and waste biomass to replace petroleum based chemicals. In this study, we constructed yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) producing lactic acid which is used to be a monomer for producing polylactic acids (PLA) with fermentable sugars derived from rice straw, waste of pine tree and food wastes. Fermentable sugars derived from the each biomass were prepared using acid hydrolysis and ammonia pretreatment. We constructed a S. cerevisiae harboring a plasmid containing a codon-optimized lactate dehydrogease (LDH) gene derived from Bos taurus and selected an optimal promoter to increase expression of the LDH. We produced 10.6 g/L of lactic acid and 13.0 g/L of ethanol with 40 g/L of fermentable sugars derived from the rice straw under flask fermentation.

공동주택의 장기수선충당금 적립에 대한 문제점 및 개선방안

유병조 대한부동산학회 2010 大韓不動産學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

Housing types of Korea have changed into apartment houses from a single family house under the influence of industrialization. Thus, management problems of apartment houses such as obsolescence or functional deterioration of apartment houses came to the fore with the passage of time. To cope with these problems, government enacted the law concerning the establishment of a long-term repair plan and accumulation of long-term repair allowance. However, there is a considerable gap between the law and reality. As a consequence, the apartment complex has a lot of difficulties in changing the main facilities and operating repair works because of the formal long term repair plan and imposing an excessive long term repair allowance at the same time. Therefore, this study is to suggest reasonable improvement by examining accumulation of long term repair allowance and its legal problems. 1. Improvements for problems of the actual condition of present law. 2. Reflected problems of housing price variable ratio in calculating Long-Term Repair Allowance. 3. Problems of difference between planned allowance for long-term repair and actually charged levy. To improve and realize actively these problems mentioned, not only apartment Housing management law integrating the several provisions related to the management of apartment housing stipulated in the present housing act should be revised to reflect the reality appropriately, but also professional management agency should take full charge of policy according to the integrated guidance and controls. 산업화에 따라 우리나라의 주거형태가 단독주택에서 공동주택인 아파트로 변모하였다. 이에 공동주택의 관리문제가 대두되었다. 예컨대 시간이 경과함에 따라 공동주택의 노후화, 또는 기능저하 등의 문제이다. 이에 정부는 이러한 문제점을 해소하기 위해 장기수선계획 수립 및 장기수선충당금 적립에 대한 규정을 법제화 하였다. 그러나 법 규정은 현실과 상당한 괴리를 갖고 있다. 고로아파트단지에서는 형식적인 장기수선계획 수립, 과소한 장기수선충당금 부과징수 등으로주요시설의 교체 및 보수공사에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 장기수선충당금의 적립 및 법적인 문제점을 파악하여 합리적인 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 1. 현행 법규정 이행상태의 문제점 및 개선방안2. 장기수선충당금 산정시 주택가격변동률의 반영 문제점 및 개선방안3. 계획된 장기수선충당금과 실제 부과징수액 차이에 대한 문제점 및 개선방안이와같은 문제점들을 개선하여 적극적으로 실현하기 위해서는 각종 법령에 산재되어 있는 공동주택관리 관련조항을 조합하여 공동주택관리법을 제정할 필요가 있다. 또한 공동주택관리를 전담할 수 있는 전문관리기관을 설립하여 통괄적인 지도·감독과 정책적 기능을 시행할 수 있도록 제도화해야 한다.

화장품 원료용 펩타이드의 효모 발효 생산 기술

유병조,장지연 한국생물공학회 2017 BT NEWS Vol.24 No.2

Genome-Wide Enrichment Screening Reveals Multiple Targets and Resistance Genes for Triclosan in Escherichia coli

유병조,김정애,주현목,최수경,황승진,박선규,김의중,반재구 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.5

Triclosan is a widely used biocide effective against different microorganisms. At bactericidal concentrations, triclosan appears to affect multiple targets, while at bacteriostatic concentrations,triclosan targets FabI. The site-specific antibioticlike mode-of-action and a widespread use of triclosan in household products claimed to possibly induce cross-resistance to other antibiotics. Thus, we set out to define more systematically the genes conferring resistance to triclosan;A genomic library of Escherichia coli strain W3110 was constructed and enriched in a selective medium containing a lethal concentration of triclosan. The genes enabling growth in the presence of triclosan were identified by using a DNA microarray and confirmed consequently by ASKA clones overexpressing the selected 62 candidate genes. Among these,forty-seven genes were further confirmed to enhance the resistance to triclosan; these genes, including the FabI target,were involved in inner or outer membrane synthesis, cellsurface material synthesis, transcriptional activation, sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) systems, various transporter systems,cell division, and ATPase and reductase/dehydrogenase reactions. In particular, overexpression of pgsA, rcsA, or gapC conferred to E. coli cells a similar level of triclosan resistance induced by fabI overexpression. These results indicate that triclosan may have multiple targets other than well-known FabI and that there are several undefined novel mechanisms for the resistance development to triclosan,thus probably inducing cross antibiotic resistance.

LPG차량 불법 구조변경 근절대책

유병조,Yu, Byeong-Jo 한국LP가스공업협회 2000 LP가스 Vol.69 No.-

이 자료는 가스안전 공사가 발간하는 "가스안전5.6월호"에 게재된 내용이다.

발전소와 반도체 공정에서 전기식 순수장치 MDI 적용 사례

유병조,Yu, Byeong-Jo 환경보전협회 2006 환경정보 Vol.28 No.361

부동산 간접투자의 법제 개선방향에 관한 연구 : REITs를 중심으로

유병조(Yoo Byung Jo) 국민대학교 법학연구소 2010 법학논총 Vol.22 No.2

우리나라 부동산시장은 1997년 말 IMF 외환위기를 계기로 인하여 부동산투자에 큰 변화가 시작되었다. 특히, 기업의 경우 자산 디플레이션 현상이 심각해지고 부동산의 경기 침체로 자금의 유동성 부족 현상이 일어나자 구조조정용 자금을 조달하기 위한 금융방법으로 부동산간접투자와 관련된 법과 제도가 도입되었다. 즉, 1998년 자산유동화를 위한 법률과 1999년 주택저당채권유동화회사법을 시작으로 수많은 공청회와 해외 시찰을 통해 다방면의 의견을 수렴하여 2001년에 본격적인 부동산투자회사법을 제정하게 되었고, 2003년에는 자본시장의 간접투자를 활성화하기 위하여 간접투자자산운용업법을 제정하게 되었다. 이러한 증권형 부동산투자 상품은 유동성과 환금성을 확보하고 부동산시장의 안정성을 확보하기 위하여 도입되었지만, 법ㆍ제도적 측면과 시장내의 외적환경으로 인하여 기대에 부흥하지 못하고 있다. 그 이유는 투자대상으로서 각각의 증권형부동산투자 상품에 대한 국민적인 인식이 부족하다 할 것이나, 무엇보다 중요한 것은 부동산증권화제도의 입법취지를 충분히 살리지 못하고 단기적인 부동산정책을 실행한 정부기관의 책임이 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이와 같은 문제점들을 개선하기 위해서 REITs만의 자구노력으로는 불가능하고 정부차원에서 제도적으로 뒷받침이 선행되어야 하므로, 본고는 이러한 문제점을 살펴본 다음 REITs의 설립과 운영, 그리고 해산 및 청산에 이르는 일련의 자산운영과정에서 법률 개정의 필요성 및 내용을 제시해 보았다. The trend of investments into the Korean real estate market had a big turning point due to 1997 Korean Financial Crisis under IMF custody. Especially, since most of the companies suffered from the deflation phenomena becoming serious and the under-liquidity of their funds, some laws related to the indirect investments in real estate were introduced by the government as the financing methods to procure the funds for restructuring the companies. That is, with the supports by the 1998 Asset-backed Securitization Act and the 1999 Special Purpose Companies for Mortgage-Backed Bonds Act, after collecting the public opinions from various industrial fields through a number of public hearings and overseas site visits after all, the government enacted the Real Estate Investment Company Act in 2001 and the Indirect Investment Asset Management Business Act in 2003 to activate the indirect investments into the capital market. Thus, various kinds of real estate investment instruments were created. Especially, some securities-type real estate indirect investment instruments were introduced in order to secure the liquidity and cashability of the raised funds and the stabilization of the real estate market, but due to the aspects of laws and systems and the external environments of the market, such financial instruments are not meeting the market needs. It can be said that the reason may be oriented from the people’s lack in recognition of each securities-type real estate indirect investment instrument as an investment target, but most of all, it is assumed that it can be mainly attributed to the government which has implemented some short-term real estate policies without following the intention of the legislation on the real estate securitization systems substantially. Therefore, in order such problems mentioned above to be corrected,it is impossible to correct them with only the self-efforts by REITs and it is preconditioned on the supports under the systems at the government level. Thus, this study suggests the needs to amend the relevant laws and the contents to be amended in a series of the asset managementprocesses from the establishments and operations of REITs to their winding-ups and liquidations after such raised problems are examined.

도시재생사업의 ‘지분분할’에 관한 연구 - 최소 주거전용 면적을 중심으로 -

유병조(Yoo, Byung Jo),김명순(Kim, Myung Soon) 대한부동산학회 2009 大韓不動産學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

서울 도심을 새롭게 변모시키는 도시재생사업은 여러 가지 법령에 기초하여 진행되고 있는데 ‘국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률’, ‘도시 및 주거환경정비법’, ‘도시재정비촉진을 위한 특별법’, ‘도시개발법’ 등이다. 근린생활시설 건축을 통한 지분 분할은 다세대 신축을 통한 쪼개기보다 더 작은 지분으로 쪼갤 수 있다는 법의 허점을 이용해서 상가나 오피스텔 등으로 건축허가를 득한 후, 편법으로 용도변경을 해서 주거용으로 사용하고 있기 때문에 더욱 문제가 되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 서울시는 2008년 7월 ‘도시 및 주거환경정비 조례’를 개정하면서 제24조1항1호를 통하여 근린생활 시설 건축을 통한 지분분할에 대하여 규제를 가하였고, 24조2항6호를 신설하여 ‘단독주택 또는 비주거용 건축물을 공동주택으로 신축한 경우 수인의 분양신청자를 1인의 분양대상자로 한다. 다만 해당 공동주택의 주거전용 면적이 당해 정비사업으로 건립되는 분양용 공동주택의 최소 주거전용 면적 이상인 경우에는 그러하지 아니하다.’라고 하여 단독주택 또는 비주거용 건축물을 공동주택으로 신축한 경우 수인의 분양신청자를 1인의 분양대상자로 하는 주택재개발사업의 분양권 제한 규정을 신설하였다. 그러나 그간 수차례 법령 및 조례 등의 개정을 통하여 지분 분할을 규제한 성과가 지대함에도 불구하고, 이번 서울시 조례 개정은 규제에 몰두한 나머지 도시정비사업 진행 및 서민주거생활에 미치는 영향을 간과한 면이 있어서 아파트 분양 대상 기준 중에서 ‘최소 주거전용면적’을 중심으로 주거의 질적 향상과 서민주거안정이라는 문제에 초점을 맞추어 연구해보기로 한다. The urban regeneration project transforming the downtown of Seoul newly is progressed in accordance with several laws and regulations, which include ‘National Land Planning and Utilization Act’, ‘Urban and Residential Environment Readjustment Act’, ‘Special Urban Readjustment Promotion Act’, ‘Urban Development Act’ ‘Seoul City Ordinance’ and the like. The present situation is that the share split through the building of neighborhood living facilities is becoming a greater problem because they can be used for the residential purpose by taking advantage of the loophole that they can be splitted into smaller shares through the new building of multi-family houses and changing their use illegally after permission to build the shopping center of officetel. Therefore, the Seoul City government put restrictions on the share split through the building of neighborhood living facilities in pursuance Subsec. 1 of Sec. 24 by amending the Urban and Residential Environment Readjustment Ordinance’ in July, 2008. The newly established provisions of Para. 6 of Subsec. 2 of Sec. 24 require that ‘In case the detached house or the non-residential building is newly established as apartment housing(including the case that existing apartment houses are newly built by increasing their number),a number of applicants for sale shall be calculated as one applicant. But in case the exclusive residential area of the pertinent apartment house is more than the minimum exclusive residential area of the apartment house for installment sale to be built in the readjustment project, it is not the case.’ The provisions that put restrictions on the right to installment sale of the housing redevelopment project were newly established that regards a number of applicants for installment sale as one applicant in case the detached house or non-residential building is newly built for the purpose of apartment housing. But though the outcome of putting restrictions on share split through the amendment of statutes and ordinance made several times for the years may be tremendous, the amendment of the Seoul City ordinance made this time overlooks their effect on the progress of the urban readjustment project and common people’s residential life.

법정지상권(法定地上權)에 관한 소고 - 민법 제366조의 법정지상권(法定地上權)을 중심으로 -

유병조 ( Byung Jo Yoo ),전장헌 ( Jang Hean Jun ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2005 법학논총 Vol.29 No.-

Production of lactic acid with fermentable sugars derived from pretreated rice straw

장지연,유병조 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

Recently, oil-shortage and environmental pollution have caused increasing needs of producing biochemicals using non-food biomass to replace petroleum based chemicals. In this study, we produced lactic acid which is used to be a monomer for producing polylactic acids (PLA) from rice straw in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentable sugars derived from the rice straw, glucose and xylose, were prepared using the ammonia pretreatment. In addition, we constructed a S. cerevisiae harboring a plasmid containing a codon-optimized lactate dehydrogease (LDH) gene derived from Bos taurus and selected an optimal promoter to increase expression of the LDH. We produced 10.6 g/L of lactic acid and 13.0 g/L of ethanol with 40 g/L of fermentable sugars derived from the rice straw under flask fermentation. In addition, we are also constructing another lactic acid producing S. cerevisiae in which pyruvate decarboxylases (PDCs) encoding ethanol producing genes will be replaced with lactate dehydrogease (LDH) on the chromosome to increase the yield of lactic acid. This production of lactic acid with the rice straw can be applied to produce other organic acids such as 3-hydroxypropionic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, etc, which will result in producing cost-effective biochemicals against petroleum-based chemicals.