세라믹-세라믹 인공 고관절 치환술에서 반복된 세라믹 골두 골절

박명식 ( Myung Sik Park ),윤선중 ( Sun Jung Yoon ),유명재 ( Myung Jae Yoo ) 대한고관절학회 2012 Hip and Pelvis Vol.24 No.1

인공 고관절 전치환 술에서 세라믹 비구 라이너와 세라믹 인공골두 조합 인공 고관절 전 치환술은 금속-금속 인공 고관절과 함께 내구성으로 인해 광범위하게 사용 되어지고 있다 세라믹-세라믹 조합형의 인공 고관절은 특히 젊은 환자에서 낮은 마모율, 닳아짐이 적고 친수성의 특성과 닳아진 마모편도 인체에 무해한 것으로 보고되고 있다, 반면 세라믹 골두의 골절은 커다란 단점이다, 보고는 적으나, 세라믹 골두의 단경부 형(short neck) 에서 많이 골절이 되고 있다. 본 증례는 두차례의 골절로 단경부 형, 중간부 형(medium neck) 모두에서 골절이 되어 세라믹 문제뿐 아니라, 비구 컵의 비정상 위치에 의한 충돌로 인한 골절로 추정 되었다. 또한 치료법으로 철저한 활액막 제거 후 탈구 방지형 폴리라이너 비구 컵과 금속 대퇴골두로서 치료 하였으며 걱정되는 세라믹 마모 편에 의한 폴리라이너의 과도한 마모도 발생되지 않아 이를 보고 하고자 한다. Alumina ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty is a widely-adopted option, especially for younger patients, due low wear, scratch resistance, the wettable characteristics of alumina ceramics, and because of the relatively low biological reactivites of ceramic wear particles. However, fracture remains a significant problem because ceramics are inherently brittle, and few reports have been issued on short head fractures. In the described case, a ceramic head fracture occurred only 8 months after replacing the original head and with a new 28 mm head and liner. Both of these incidents may have been caused by head-to-liner impingement due to excessive anteversion of the metal shell. During the second revision surgery, this situation was managed successfully using a conventional elevated-polyethylene liner and a CoCr metal head, while retaining all metal implants.

Dual band Antenna Switch Module의 LTCC 공정변수에 따른 안정성 및 특성 개선에 관한 연구

이중근,유찬세,유명재,이우성,Lee Joong-Keun,Yoo Joshua,Yoo Myung-Jae,Lee Woo-Sung 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2005 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 논문은 LTCC 공정에 기반을 둔 GSM/DCS dual band 의 소형화된 antenna switch module을 공정변수 따른 특성의 왜곡을 안정화시키는 연구를 수행하였다. 특히 tape thickness의 변화에 따라 패턴간의 기생 커플링이 주된 변수로 작용한다. 두께 50um인 tape으로 제작된 시편의 사이즈는 $4.5{\times}3.2{\times}0.8 mm^3$이고 insertion loss는 Rx mode와 Tx mode 각각 ldB. 1.2dB 이하이다. 공정상에서 tape thickness의 변화에 따라 개발된 모듈의 특성 안정성을 검증하기 위해 각 블록-다이플렉서,필터, 바이어스 회로-을 probing method을 이용, 측정하였고, 각 블록간의 상호관계는 VSWR을 계산하여 비교하였다. 또한 회로적 관점에서 특성 개선을 위해 바이어스 회로부분의 집중소자형과 분포소자형을 구현하여 서로 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통해 각 블록의 측정과 계산된 VSWR의 데이터는 공정변수에 의해 변화된 전체 module의 특성과 안정성 거동을 파악하는데 좋은 정보를 준다. Tape thickness변화에도 불구하고 다이플렉스의 matching값은 연결되는 바이어스 회로와 LPF의 matching값과 상대 matching이 되면서, 낮은 VSWR을 유지하여 전체 insertion loss가 안정화되는 것을 확인하였다. 더불어 분포소자형 바이어스 회로보다는 집중소자형이 다른 회로블럭과의 관계에서 더 좋은 매칭을 이루어 loss개선에 일조하였다. Tape thickness가 6 um이상의 변화를 가져와도 집중소자형 바이어스 회로는 낮은 손실을 유지하여 더 넓은 안정 범위를 가져오기 때문에 양산에 적합한 구조가 될 수 있다 그리고, probing method에 의한 안정성 특성 추출은 세라믹에 임베디드된 수동회로들의 개발에 충분히 적용될 수 있다. A compact antenna switch module for GSM/DCS dual band applications based on multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate is presented. Its size is $4.5{\times}3.2{\times}0.8 mm^3$ and insertion loss is lower than 1.0 dB at Rx mode and 1.2 dB at Tx mode. To verify the stability of the developed module to the process window, each block that is diplexer, LPF's and bias circuit is measured by probing method in the variation with the thickness of ceramic layer and the correlation between each block is quantified by calculating the VSWR In the mean while, two types of bias circuits -lumped and distributed - are compared. The measurement of each block and the calculation of VSWR give good information on the behavior of full module. The reaction of diplexer to the thickness is similar to those of LPF's and bias circuit, which means good relative matching and low value of VSWR, so total insertion loss is maintained in quite wide range of the thickness of ceramic layer at both band. And lumped type bias circuit has smaller insertion itself and better correspondence with other circuit than distributed stripline structure. Evaluated ceramic module adopting lumped type bias circuit has low insertion loss and wider stability region of thickness over than 6um and this can be suitable for the mass production. Stability characterization by probing method can be applied widely to the development of ceramic modules with embedded passives in them.

職業類型別 餘暇活動 實態에 關한 硏究

柳根林,兪明在 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1990 體育學論文集 Vol.18 No.-

In order to find out the present conditions of leisure activities and to work leisure life a more fruitful and, there was an analysis taken on employed persons in the city an Seoul. For this research, the educational world the financial circles, and company employees were used to answer these surveys. 1.31.6% believed that leisure activities of an understanding aspect, was that they should be given more time creative recreation. 21.4% showed resting, 15.3% replied spending time with their family, change of mood also showed 15.3%, 8.1% showed going out doors and on trips, and 3.1% replieed just to spend time in a suitable manner. 2.In the purpose of the leisure activity impulse, 35.1% showed life significance or to obtain themselves. 21.4% showed that they'd want to get rid of certain discontent feelings and tiredness. 15.1% replied improvement of work efficiency. 14.5% replyed large amount of experience and knowledge. 6.9% replied to escape from complication in reality. 3.One of the survey auestions asked to both men and women were who they discuss things with and talk to. 35,1% replied friends. 29.0% replied their life parther. 21.9% replied themselves. 6.9% replied their parents or family, and 2.8% replied their seniors. 4.The highest percentage for taking time to plan certain leisure activities was 30.0%. expenses showed 22.4%. 10.2% replied taking time, 9.8% showed feeling of satisfacation of their expectations. 8.8% showed charm of place and establishment. 5.Newspapers and magazines showed 34.3% in achieving information, and knowledge of leisure, while 32.3% replied friends, family, neighbors, and people they work with 15.9% replied T. V., and radio 10.7% replied special books, pamphlets, posters and etc‥‥ 3.5% replied. Meetings of companies involved with leisure. 6.In the reasons for leisure activities in work places, 37.9% showed being cheerful during work.20.1% replied, to solve mental stress problems. 16.7% replied to improved word efficiency 8.7% replied life's perturdation.8.1% replied health, and 4.2% replied, advanced physical strength. 7.For a place to trave leisure activities in a company boilding 50.9% was the percentage of a shortage of activity places 26.1% showed that there was a great deal of shortage. 12.8% showed, there were adequate spaces,5.9% implied there are enough spaces, and 4.3% claimed that they didn't know. 8.In a work place showing a short age of places to have leisure activities,40.4% showedehabbies, education refinements, and creation, 29.1% showed places for sports. 16.5% showed appreciation, and sight seeing places. 11.4% replied an amusement and a social intercourse place, 3.1% showed lodging places. 9.During an average working week, watching T.V. or listening to the radio showed 19.3% for a leisure activity. 15.3% showed playing different types of sports. 14.4% showed spending time with their family, 11.5% showed sleeping or thinking, 9.5% replied reading books, and 8.6% replied talking with their friends. 10.During an average weekened, spending time with ones family showed 18.1% for a leisure activity. 16.4% showed watching T.V. or listening to the radio. 13.4% showed playing sports, 12.2% showed sleeping or thinking, and 9.4% religiou activities. 11.The most wanting to do leisure activities in all condition to consent were sports with 34.9%, 14.9% showed going to the movies, plays, and musicals,8.7% showed going fleshing,8.2% showed appreciating music and arts, and 7.6% showed collections and investigations. 12.The most enjoyed exercise in present times is swimming with 18.6%, 16.6% showed table tennis, 12.1% showed mountain climbing,8.3% showed golf, 7.6% showed tenis, and 6.8% showed bowling. 13.Things that interfear with leisure activities was that there isn't enough time 50.9%. This showed to be the highest percentage. Next was not having enough money, which showed 19.6%, 7.6% showed not enough fixtures and places, 6.9%repe1ie not enough skills to enjoy these leisures or lack of methods. 14.39.0% was the highest percentage of saying that it was too late to start leisure activities in this season and present time. 36.6% showed that its the perfect time, and 11.2% showed that its a bit too early to start.