[산ㆍ학ㆍ연 논단] 떡류의 영양학적 조명

우경자(Kyung Ja Woo),노정옥(Jeong Ok Rho) 한국식품영양과학회 2003 식품산업과 영양 Vol.8 No.1

대학생의 외식행동과 식당 선택요인에 관한 연구

우경자,양향숙,노정옥,Woo Kyung-Ja,Yang Hang-Sook,Rho Jeong-Ok 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the eating out behavior and its factors in restaurant selection by students in Incheon area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 297 students. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: The average age, weight, height, BMI and male and female students were $24.31,\;67.96\cal{kg},\;174.93\cal{cm},\;22.17\;;\;20.55,\;51.99\cal{kg},\;165.44\cal{cm},\;19.00$ reflectively. About $54.2\%$ of male students and $38.0\%$ of female students responded to eat out at least once a day. And lunch was most frequent meal for eating out. About $57\%$ of students responded to have eat at restaurants around campus, and $19.5\%$ of students used the university foodservice system. Korean-style food was most favorite dish when they ate out. Major source of restaurants information was recommended action by friends or family. But the use of internet or magazine was negligible. The factor of restaurants choice was in order 'taste', 'price', 'atmosphere' and 'hygienic'.

수침 시간을 달리한 찹쌀가루로 제조한 찰떡의 품질 특성

정은진,우경자,Jung, Eun-Jin,Woo, Kyung-Ja 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.6

Glutinous rice cake(Chalduk) was made by varying the hours of soaking time of glutinous rice in the water(0, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours). After storage for various periods, the sensory and physical characteristics and the degree of gelatinization were examined in order to determine the effect of glutinous rice soaking period on the quality of Chalduk. The results of the study are summarized as follows. In the sensory test, 8-hour water soaking produced the significantly highest score for salty taste, while 0-hour water soaking had the lowest score. Four-hour water soaking had the significantly highest score for the degree of chewiness. Eight-hour water soaking had the significantly highest score for overall desirability. For the moisture content of Chalduk covered with bean flour, 8-hour water soaking produced the highest moisture content but the difference was not significant. For the degree of gelatinization, 8-hour water soaking had the highest maltose content, which confirmed the suitability of 8-hour water soaking glutinous rice. Eight-hour water soaking had the lowest hardness. With increasing storage period, the hardness sharply increased. Elasticity was higher for the long-period immersed samples than for the non-immersed samples. In conclusion, an 8-hour soaking time for glutinous rice in water was proposed to maximize the Chalduk quality.

찹쌀가루 입자의 크기에 따른 두텁편의 품질에 관한 연구

김순조,우경자,최원석,Kim Soon-Jo,Woo Kyung-Ja,Choi Won-Seok 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The manufacture and consumption of traditional Korean rice cake is being revived due to the introduction of various desserts and confectionaries in the food industry. In order to develop this traditional food of Korea and allow various types of rice cakes to enter the market, it is essential to standardize the cooking methodology. In particular, there has been little research on Dutubpyun, a traditional food famous for its good taste. In addition, the original cooking methodology varies between cookbooks. Therefore, in order to standardize the cooking methodology for Dutubpyun referring to various cookbooks, different types Dutubpyun were made by varying the grain fineness of the glutinous rice powder to 16, 20, 30 and 40 meshes, adding up water to 10%, up sugar to 10% and up soy sauce to 5%. Subsequently, a sensory evaluation, and a test on the moisture, degree of gelatinization and hardness during storage were measured to determine the optimal grain fineness of the powder. For the sensory evaluation, where the grain sizes of the glutinous rice powder were different, the 30 and 40 mesh samples received high scores for grain fineness, moisture and chewiness. The 40 mesh samples received high scores for softness, while the overall quality was the highest in the 30 mesh samples. The moisture content during storage was $38.0{\sim}40.6%$ for the samples on the day of cooking, while it was reduced to $33.3{\sim}35%$ after 3 days of storage. Regarding the degree of gelatinization during storage, the maltose content was $2.4{\sim}2.7 mg$ for the samples on the day of cooking. After 3 days, the maltose content was $2.3{\sim}2.8 mg$ but the maltose content was higher in the 40 mesh samples than in the other samples. Regarding the change in hardness during storage, the hardness marked high in the 20 mesh samples on the day of cooking (p<0.05), while it was high in the 16 mesh samples after 3 days of storage (p<0.001). The hardness tended to increase with increasing storage time. Regarding the surface structure of the glutinous rice powder and Dutubpyun, a difference in grain fineness was clearly seen in the 15x-magnifications photograph of the rice powder structure taken by SEM. At 60x and 180x magnifications of surface of Dutubpyun, the 16 mesh samples had a uniform air gap, and a lumpy configuration. Smaller air gaps were dispersed homogeneously and similar to a net in the 20 and 30 mesh samples. The 40 mesh samples showed to a net-likes structure with cracks. Overall, for the best conditions for cooking Dutubpyun, the grain fineness of the glutinous rice power needs to be 30 mesh.

인천에 거주하는 도시 여성의 비만도와 자신의 체형에 대한 인식

천종희,우경자,최은옥,Chyun, Jong-Hee,Woo, Kyung-Ja,Choe, Eun-Ok 한국식생활문화학회 2000 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.15 No.5

To compare actual obesity rate and self-evaluated body shape, 651 women living in Inchon were participated in the measurement of anthropometric indices and in the survey by questionnaire. Mean RBW and BMI were in normal range except the girl in 13-15 years. RBW and BMI of the women in 40s and 50s were significantly higher than those in women in younger ages(p<0.001). Triceps skinfold thickness of the subjects were not significantly different. Significantly low DRBW in teenagers and women in 20s showed that their desire to reduce body weight were very strong. Over the half of the subjects thought they were too heavy and unsatisfied at their body shapes. The parts of the body desired to remove extra fat were the waist & abdomen in women over 30s and the thigh & legs in teenagers. It is thought that women, especially in 10s and 20s need the education about the appropriate evaluation of body shape and also need the nutrition education about the deteriorated influence of underweight on health.

논문편 : 한국노인의 맛 선호도와 맛 감지도에 관한 연구

천종희,우경자,정경석 ( Jong Hee Chyun,Kyung Ja Woo,Kyung Seok Chung ) 대한가정학회 1994 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.32 No.5

뽕잎 첨가량에 따른 콩 다식의 품질 특성

정은진,우경자,김애정,Jung Eun-Jin,Woo Kyung-ja,Kim Ae-Jyung 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.2

As the modern medicine develops, the physique and average life span are increasing. In proportion to that, modern diseases of adult people such as cancer, obesity, arteriosclerosis, cardiac disorder become great social issues. In the meantime, as the development of a new diet brings a new attention, the study is designed to examine the availability of functional food by adding Korean traditional food, soybean Dasik, mulberry leaf. For this study, mulberry leaf was added 0, 5, 10, and $15\%$ respectively to soybean Dasik in proportion to the total weight of soybean power. These are compared with the soybean Dasik itself in relation to the nutritional composition, sensory evaluation, and mechanical characteristics. The results of the research were as follows. Nutritional composition showed that mulberry leaf soybean Dasik increased Na, Ca, K, crude fiber, and ash. As for the result of sensory evaluation of mulberry leaf soybean Dasik, the followings were turned out to be good : color - $10\%$, mulberry leaf smell - $5\%,\;10\%,\;15\%$, bitterness - $5\%,\;10\%$, softness and moistness - $0\%,\;5\%,\;10\%$, and sweetness and overall quality - all the added food group. As the test results of mechanical characteristics, mulberry leaf soybean Dasik showed statistically significant difference only in the hardness, especially high on $5\%,\;10\%,\;and\;15\%$. There were no significant differences in other characteristics. In color, mulberry leaf soybean Dasik showed that L, a and b values decreased as the percentage of addition of mulberry leaf went up. Therefore, the appropriate amount of addition for the production of mulberry leaf soybean Dasik was $5\~10\%$ mulberry leaf in proportion to the weight of soybean power.

키토산 올리고당 첨가량에 따른 콩다식의 품질 특성

정은진,우경자,Jung Eun-Jin,Woo Kyung-Ja 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Along with development of modem medicine, the average life span has been increased but diseases of lifestyle such as cancer, obesity atheroscerosis, cardiac disorder become social issues. This study was designed to examine the availability of the functional food by adding chitosan-oligosaccharide to Korean traditional food, Soybean Dasik. For the study, 0, 30, 50 and $70\%$ of chitosan-oligosaccharide power that contains $23\%$ of chitosan-oligosaccharide were added to soybean Dasik in proportion to the total powder weight These were compared with the Soybean Dasik itself in relation to the physicochemical characteristics, sensory evaluation, and mechanical characteristics. The results of the research are as follows. Physicochemical characteristics showed that chitosan-oligosaccharide soybean Dasik had less ash, K, and Mn. As for the result of sensory evaluation, Dasik added $0\%$ chitosan-oligosaccharide was evaluated very good in its color. Sweetness and softness was good on $0\%\;30\%\;and\;50\%$ ones, while moistness and overall quality on $30\%\;and\;50\%$ ones. As the test results of mechanical characteristics, the chitosan-oligosaccharide soybean Dasik was good for hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness, especially on $0\%\;30\%\;and\;50\%$ ones. Springiness was good in all groups. In color, L value of chitosan-oligosaccharide soybean Dasik decreased but a and b values increased as the substitution percentage increased Therefore, the right amount of addition fit for the production properties was $30-50\%$ chitosan-oligosaccharide of total powder weight.

냉동 증편 반죽의 저장 온도 차이에 따른 증편의 품질 특성

최원석,우경자,Choi Won-Seok,Woo Kyung-Ja 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The quality of Jeung-pyun made with frozen rice batter was evaluated according to variations in the freezing temperature of the batter. The physicochemical sensory and rheological characteristics of Jeung-pyun were analyzed. The rice batter was stored at -20$^{\circ}C$, -40$^{\circ}C$, and -70$^{\circ}C$ for up to 4 weeks. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS program. The pH, and brix percentage of Jeung-pyun batter decreased during the fermentation. In carbon dioxide evolution during fermentation, the levels of the sample stored at -40$^{\circ}C$:, and -70$^{\circ}C$ for 3$\sim$4 weeks were significantly higher than that of the sample stored at -20$^{\circ}C$. The Jeung-pyun moisture content was not significantly affected by freezing temperature or storage times. Specific volume of Jeung-pyun made with rice batter stored at -40$^{\circ}C$, and -70$^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks was significantly higher than that stored at -20$^{\circ}C$. In sensory evaluation of the stored sample for 4 weeks, the overall quality of Jeung-pyun was not significantly different between with the control and the -20$^{\circ}C$ sample, and between the control and the -40$^{\circ}C$ sample. Among the rheological properties measured with a rheometer on Jeung-pyun made with batter stored sample for 4 weeks at -20$^{\circ}C$, -40$^{\circ}C$ and unfrozen batter, the hardness was increased over the storage time, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, the most suitable freezing temperature of the rice batter for the manufacture of Jeung-pyun was proposed to be -40$^{\circ}C$.

Sucrose를 첨가한 김치의 발효시 생성되는 점성물질의 본성에 대하여

한영숙(Young-Sook Hahn),우경자(Kyung-Ja Woo),박영희(Young-Hee Park),이태녕(Tae-Young Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1997 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

김치 담글 때 조미료로 sucrose를 첨가한 경우, 발효 시간의 경과와 더불어 김치국물의 정도가 증가한다. 이 현상은 장김치에서 두드러지는 것으로 관찰되었으므로 본 연구에서는 소금으로 담근 김치를 대조구로 하여 간장으로 담근 장김치에서의 정도 증가를 비교하였으며 이 점성물질의 본성을 밝힘과 동시에 그 생성조건을 검토하였다. 장김치국물에 에탄올을 가하여 생성된 침전물을 산으로 가수분해하여 HPLC로 분석한 결과 glucose를 단위체로 한 polysaccharide인 dextran으로 밝혀졌다. 이 dextran의 생성에는 glucose 보다는 sucrose가 효과적이며, sucrose의 농도가 10%까지 증가함에 따라 점도는 비례하여 증가하였다. 또 소금보다는 간장으로 담근 김치에서 정도가 높았으며, 협기적인 조건보다는 호기적인 조건에서 점도가 높았다. 장김치는 소금김치 보다 산생성이 많았으며 당을 첨가한 경우 산 생성량은 증가하였다. 또 환원당량은 sucrose를 첨가한 경우 김치숙성 초기에 크게 증가하였다. 김치발효과정 중 총 균수와 Leuconostoc 세균수의 변화를 살펴 본 결과 발효 1일째에 Leuconostoc 균수, 총 균수가 최대에 달했으며 Leuconostoc 균수는 그 후 점차 감소하였다. 장김치와 소금김치 간에는 발효 중 균수의 차이가 없었으며 sucrose를 첨가한 경우에도 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타나 김치에서 점성물질이 생성되는 것은 균수에 의한 차이가 아니라 점성물질 생성 조건의 차이에 의한 것으로 생각되었다. Jangkimchi is a kind of Kimchi which is made with soy-sauce instead of salt. Occasionally, when sugar is added to Jangkimchi for condiment, the kimchi juice becomes viscous. In this study. the nature of the viscous material and the condition for producing viscous property in Kimchi juice were investigated. HPLC analysis showed that the viscous material in Jangkimchi is polysaccharide composed of glucose. Sucrose was more effective in forming viscous juice than glucose and the viscosity increased with the addition of sucrose up to 10%. Soy-sauce also played a role in increasing the viscosity of Kimchi juice compared with salt. Aerobic fermentation condition was found to be another factor to make the juice viscous. The population of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, well-known producer of viscous dextran was not different in the Kimchi juice prepared with the addition of sucrose from that without sucrose, which implys that the Jangkimchi preparation methods such as addition of sucrose and soy-sauce would do some effects on the production of viscous material in Jangkimchi.