留鍼시간에 대한 문헌적 고찰:중국 문헌을 중심으로

왕개하,이은솔,조현석,김경호 대한침구의학회 2011 대한침구의학회지 Vol.28 No.5

Objectives : Study about needle retaining time. Methods : We reviewed the ancient and the present text of China with using the China academic journal(CAJ) of China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI)Results & Conclusions : 1. Needle retaining time is important in acupuncture, because the therapy effect is influenced by it. 2. The time of needle retaining is up to those conditions like different disease, viscera and bowels(臟腑), meridian and collateral(經絡), obtaining Qi(得氣), seasons, constitution of the patients and acupuncture tools. In ≪Hwangdineijing(黃帝內經)≫, needle retaining time is called by ‘Zhiruzhichu(直入直出)’, ‘Jichu(疾出)’, ‘Liu(留)’, ‘Buliu(不留)’, ‘Jiuliu(久留)’ and ‘Liu 〇 hu(留〇呼)’, and the time was shorter than nowadays. 3. The respiration number was counted to check needle retaining time but we can’t find out any evidence. Recently in China, ‘obtaining Qi(得氣)’ and ‘Qi arrival(氣至)’ is used to check it. 4. Looking into clinical researches, different diseases need different needle retaining time. For example, 20~30min is appropriate time for musculoskeletal system. 60min is for circulatory system, 10~20min is for peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Insomnia and some stubborn diseases need longer time. Cold and heat(寒熱), deficiency and excess(虛實) are always influences the needle retaining as well. 5. It is important to figure out the most effective needle retaining time for different disease with the base of connection between needle retaining time and effect.

경혈탐측기를 이용한 말초성 안면신경마비환자의 족부반사구 변화에 대한 임상적 고찰

왕개하,이은솔,황지후,김유종,김경호,김승현,윤인애,조현석 대한침구의학회 2012 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : We investigate the characteristics of foot reflex zone acupoint of facial paralysis patients. Methods : In order to make a comparison between facial nerve paralysis patient group and non-facial paralysis group, we measured foot reflex zone acupoint detection in both group of 18 patients who were diagnosticated to facial nerve paralysis and 18 persons who were not. Results :1. In comparing the means of the foot reflex zone, the measurements of facial nerve paralysis group is different significantly from non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). 2. The measurement of detection of foot reflex zone acupoints, such as hypophysis(垂體), nose(鼻), cerebrum(大腦), neck(頸項), Trapezius muscle(僧帽筋), eye(眼) and ear(耳) of the facial nerve paralysis group is different significantly in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). But the measurement of detection of foot reflex zone acupoints, such as trigeminal nerve(三叉神經), cerebellum(小腦), kidney(腎), ureter(輸尿管) and urinary bladder(膀胱) of the facial nerve paralysis group is not defferent significantly in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p>0.05). Conclusions : The results suggest that foot reflex zone can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of facial nerve paralysis.

隔物灸의 隔物 특성에 따른 온열자극 비교연구

왕개하,김은정,조현석,김갑성,이승덕,김경호 대한침구의학회 2012 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Objectives : Indirect moxibustion is one of the thermotherapy in Korean medicine and buffer of ginger and mankshood slice are common materials to be used. However it is difficult to control the power of thermal stimulation and the stimulation is greatly influenced by the characteristic of buffer. So we research on the buffer characteristic of indirect moxibustion according to the thickness, diameter and water content changes. Methods : We used thermocouples to measure temperature from surface to depth of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14㎜ on tissue model and calculated peak temperature(℃). The data were analyzed with student t-test and one-way ANOVA(p<0.05). Results : 1. The peak temperature of indirect moxibustion with ginger were determined by thickness of ginger slice and temperature changes according to the thickness at intervals of 1㎜ but according to the diameter at intervals of 4㎜. 2. The peak temperature of indirect moxibustion with mankshood were determined by thickness of mankshood slice also. The peak temperature of mankshood moxibustion was higher than that of ginger moxibustion. 3. In this study, 2㎜-thick-ginger slice and 3㎜-thick-mankshood slice were suitable for indirect moxibustion. Variation in the thickness of which is more efficient to control the power of thermal stimulation on indirect moxibustion. 4. The more water loss we got on ginger slice, the higher peak temperature we measured at the surface of moxibustion. But the thermal stimulation was not conducted more than 2㎜ in the depth. 5. The thickness and water content of buffer are important in indirect moxibustion. Conclusions : The temperature of indirect moxibustion depends on the thickness of buffer than the diameter of it. Therefore, it is more efficient according to the thickness of buffer so that we control the power of thermal stimulation. And water content of buffer is one of the important factor in indirect moxibustion.

교통사고 후 두통을 호소하는 환자의 풍지혈․후계혈 자침 효과에 대한 임상적 고찰 -무작위 임상 연구-

정원제,왕개하,김경호,배재익,김승현,조현석 대한침구의학회 2010 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of acupuncture at Fengchi(GB20) and Houxi(SI3) for acute headache due to whiplash injury. Methods : This study was observed among 50 patients with acute headache due to whiplash injury who admitted to Bundang oriental medicine hospital of Dongguk University from June 16, 2009 to January 31, 2010. These patients were divided into two groups; One was control group that was acupunctured at general acupuncture points except Fengchi(GB20), Houxi(SI3)(Control group) and the other was acupunctured at Fengchi(GB20), Houxi(SI3) with general acupuncture points(Experimental group). Each patient was acupunctured once a day. The effect was assessed through self-rating headache index. Results & Conclusions : As a result of evaluation by using self-rating headache index, pain score at 8th day declined in both groups. But they were not difference between two groups at 8th day.

교통사고 후 두통을 호소하는 환자의 풍지혈.후계혈 자침 효과에 대한 임상적 고찰 -무작위 임상 연구-

정원제,왕개하,김경호,배재익,김승현,조현석,Joung, Won-Je,Wang, Kai-Hsia,Kim, Kyung-Ho,Bae, Jae-Ik,Kim, Seung-Hyeon,Cho, Hyun-Seok 대한침구의학회 2010 대한침구의학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of acupuncture at Fengchi($GB_{20}$) and Houxi($SI_3$) for acute headache due to whiplash injury. Methods : This study was observed among 50 patients with acute headache due to whiplash injury who admitted to Bundang oriental medicine hospital of Dongguk University from June 16, 2009 to January 31, 2010. These patients were divided into two groups; One was control group that was acupunctured at general acupuncture points except Fengchi($GB_{20}$), Houxi($SI_3$)(Control group) and the other was acupunctured at Fengchi($GB_{20}$), Houxi($SI_3$) with general acupuncture points(Experimental group). Each patient was acupunctured once a day. The effect was assessed through self-rating headache index. Results & Conclusions : As a result of evaluation by using self-rating headache index, pain score at 8th day declined in both groups. But they were not difference between two groups at 8th day.

胸背部(흉배부)에 시행한 附缸療法(부항요법)이 자율신경계에 미치는 영향 -심박변이도 측정을 통한 연구-

황은미 ( Eun Mi Hwang ),왕개하 ( Kai Hsia Wang ),배재익 ( Jae Ik Bae ),금동호 ( Dong Ho Keum ) 한방재활의학과학회 2013 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives:This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dry cupping treatment applied to back-shu points on the autonomic nervous system.Methods:Two groups of sympathicotonia and normal with each 30 volunteers were set up for this experiment.The sympathicotonia group was selected by the criterion for sympathicotonia by the questionnaire composed of 11 items.After 10 minutes for environmental adaptation, the first HRV(heart rate variability) test was conducted, and then, dry cupping therapy was applied to back-shu points for 5 minutes to stimulate sympathetic ganglia lying along the spine.The second HRV test was carried out just after the cupping therapy under the same condition and then, the third test was repeated after two hours based on the first test time.Results:1.In sympathicotonia group, SDNN(standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals), RMSSD(the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals), Ln(HF)(high frequency power), nmHF(normalized high frequency power) increased and mHR(mean heart rate), nmLF(normalized low frequency power) decreased significantly right after dry cupping therapy which means dry cupping affects on autonomic nervous system.The effect lasts in these items of nmLF, Ln(HF), nmHF, rLHF(rate ratio of LF/HF).2.In normal group, SDNN, RMSSD increased and mHR decreased significantly right after dry cupping therapy, too.But, Ln(LF)(low frequency power), nmLF, rLHF unexpectedly increased and nmLF, rLHF stay increased up to 2 hours.Conclusions:The results suggest that the dry cupping therapy has effect on the autonomic nervous system.It is effective to stabilize hyper-sympathetic tone of people diagnosed as Sympathicotonia and activate parasympathetic tone.

接骨木추출물 및 약침액에 의한 MIF 활성 조절능이 생쥐의 제2형 Collagen 유발 관절염에 미치는 영향

이동건,김은정,이은솔,왕개하,조현석,이승덕,김갑성,김경호 대한침구의학회 2012 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of suppressing the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-type-2 (COX-2) as a consequence of inhibition macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activation by Sambucus williamsii Hance (SWH) pharmacopunctureon rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods : In vitro test, synoviocytes extracted from type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse’s knee joint were cultivated After that, each well of synoviocytes was mixed with the extract of SWH at the dosage of 0.4 mg/㎖, 0.6 mg/㎖, 0.8 mg/㎖, and 1.0 mg/㎖ respectively, and cultivated for 24 hours after the addition. Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to investigate the expression of MIF, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, COX-2 mRNA. In vivo test, thirty DBA female mice were used, and each ten mice were allocated into three group; normal group, CIA-elicitated group, and group treated with SWH pharmacopuncture on it’s the point of ST35 after CIA elicitation. It is investigated that change of mice foot thickness, histologic change of sliced synovial joint of mouse, and extent change of MIF, TNF-α, COX-2 in synovial membrane. Results : In vitro test, the expressions of cytokine(MIF, TNF-α, COX-2) mRNAs related to RA were dose-dependent decreased. In the SWH pharmacopuncture group, foot thickness and histologic change of sliced synovial joint were decreased comparing with CIA-elicitated group’s change. In the SWH pharmacopuncture group, the suppression of MIF, TNF-α, COX-2 in synovial membrane was clearly shown comparing with CIA-elicitated group’s change. Conclusions : It might be suggested that SWH pharmacopuncture mitigate tissue damage originated from rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing the expression of COX-2 as a consequence of inhibition MIF activation.