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연구보문 : 유기화합물 ; 휘발성지방산으로부터 미생물연료전지에 의한 전기 생산
오상은 ( S. E. Oh ),김수정 ( S. J. Kim ),양재의 ( J. E. Yang ),정영상 ( Y. S. Jung ) 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.2
미생물연료전지는 유기성 폐기물을 처리하면서 동시에 전기에너지를 얻을 수 있다는 측면에서 커다란 장점을 가지고 있다. 대부분의 유기성폐기물들이 발효과정을 거치면서 고농도의 VFAs가 생성되므로 미생물연료전지가 이들 VFAs로부터 전기를 얻을 수 있는지 알아보는 것은 아주 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 acetate, propionate, butyrate 및 실제 폐수인 식품가공폐수로부터 미생물 연료전지를 이용하여 전기발생 여부를 알아보았으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 미생물연료전지를 이용하여 VFAs(acetate, propionate, butyrate)와 식품가공폐수로부터 전기를 얻을 수 있었고 투여한 acetate 농도에 비례하여 cathode로 전달되는 전자(Coulomb)는 비례하였다. 낮은 농도의 acetate에서 발생파워와 acetate농도 사이에는 비례관계를 보였다. 이는 미생물연료전지가 낮은 농도의 유기물을 측정하는 센서로서의 가능성을 보여준다. acetate에 순화된 산화전극에 butyrate를 넣었을 때 순화의 시간이 필요하였으며 일정 순화시간 후 voltage가 증가하였다. 그러나 propionate를 넣었을 때는 순화시간 없이 급격하게 voltage가 상승하였다. 따라서 미생물연료전지의 생성파워가 향상된다면 유기성 폐기물을 처리하면서 실생활에 이용할 수 있는 전기로 변환하는 장치로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. A new technology that utilizes a microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been developed to generate electricity directly from the oxidation of organic matters such as carbohydrates or complex organics in wastewater. Fermentation of these organic matters results in production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), alcohols, CO2 and H2. We investigated the electricity-producing potential of the VFAs and actual food processing wastewater using a two-chambered MFC. The electrons produced by acetate degradation were proportional to acetate concentration in the medium. Acetate concentration and generated power were linearly correlated at a low range of acetate concentration (< 8 mg/L), but at above 8 mg/L of acetate the power produced was maintained at 0.1 mW. When butyrate was added to the anode acclimated to acetate, there was a lag period of 30 hr for electricity generation. However, when propionate was added to the same anode bottle, lag periods were not existed. The wastewater from baby food processing generated the maximum power density of 81±7 mW/m2 of electricity and exhibited the Coulombic efficiencies of 27.1% and 40.5% based on TCOD and SCOD, respectively. Sugars in the food processing wastewater were reduced within 50 h from 230 mg/L to < 30 mg/L.
산티쉬스타 ( S Shrestha ),구룽아누프 ( A Gurung ),라제쉬뱌스타구 ( R Bista ),오상은 ( S E Oh ),마헤쉬르다칼 ( M Dhakal ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2013 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.25 No.1
The center-oriented traditional approach of conservation became unpopular among the local users since the establishment of national parks and reserves prohibited their customary rights to access the park resources. In time, the relationship between the park authorities and the local people aggravated and ‘park-people conflict’ became common phenomenon in Nepal`s protected areas. This paper tried to analyze the effectiveness of community-based anti-poaching operation (CBAPO) in controlling the poaching and illegal activities of wildlife and their parts in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park (BNP) in Western Terai, Nepal. The research findings revealed that the major causes of poaching and other illegal activities in BNP were mainly due to lack of awareness about wildlife and weak institutional enforcement. In an effort to gear up the conservation practices in the Terai Arc Landscape, the CBAPO was initiated in collaboration with the local people. Although CBAPO units were able to stop poaching and other illegal activities, they are not supported by the external agencies and are running short of financial resources. These CBAPO units do not have sustainable source of financing and hence, in order to create win-win situation, it is recommended that the morale of the CBAPO members need to be boosted up through motivation, incentives, proper guidance, communication, reward and encouragement.
지역 생계에 미치는 외주이동 노동의 영향: 네팔을 중심으로
구룽아누프 ( A. Gurung ),구룽옴프라카스 ( O. P. Gurung ),오상은 ( S. E. Oh ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2011 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.23 No.1
Migration is one of the historically existing phenomena in Nepal. Over the past two decades, labor migration and remittances are major economic mainstays for Nepal`s economy. In 2009, approximately 2.98 billion USD was remitted to Nepal from international migrants, which accounted for 21.8% of national gross domestic product. This study empirically evaluates a conceptual framework incorporating rural household livelihoods as an integrative mediating factor between rural migration and the rural economic development in the context of labor out-migration in Namarjung Village Development Committee, one of the underprivileged rural communities in Nepal. The analysis draws on data collected through in-depth household questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussion to estimate the hypothesized effects. Results confirm the hypothesis that migrant and non-migrant households differ significantly in livelihood activities including agricultural production, income and consumption behaviors, and resource use and land management. It was found that households annual income increased significantly (24%, 50,000 NPR/year) after involvement in the abroad employment. In very recent years, higher percentage of female (25.56%) was also found involving in international migration. Nevertheless, it was found that the process of migration affected the human capital negatively and has created shortage of manpower which corresponds to 51%. Additionally, the livestock, mainly goat and sheep also reduced by 50%. However, it was found that with increasing return inflows of remittances, the social and physical facilities and services near to the surveyed area also improved substantially including access to electricity, transportation, schools, health clinics, and communicating media. This study reveals that the often countervailing nature of out-migration affects the short and long terms rural community revitalization processes.
Mg2+, PO4 3--P공급원에 다른 Struvite 형성과 축산분뇨 내의 암모니아 제거
강우창 ( W. C. Kang ),정성진 ( S. J. Jung ),정종환 ( J. H. Jung ),함형주 ( H. J. Ham ),오상은 ( S. E. Oh ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2012 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.24 No.1
Struvite crystallization is good for high removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphate in wastewater. In this study, comparison between NH4 +-N and PO4 2- removal in artificial, swine wastewater has been performed. In artificial wastewater treated with MgO, the value of pH was increased to 11 and the electrical conductivity (EC) was decreased possibly due to struvite generation. Ammonia was sharply decreased to about 80% and became very low in concentration upon addition of H3PO4. Removal efficiency of PO4 2- was 90%. In swine wastewater pH was increased like artificial wastewater. Ammonia was also decreased. However, it was decreased only 40% due to effect of chemicals already present in swine wastewater.