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염경인,한승철,윤영윤,문정미,전병조,허탁,민용일 대한응급의학회 2004 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.15 No.4
P u r p o s e: This study intended to identify prognostic factors influencing recovery, progressing chronic renal failure (CRF) and mortality in acute renal failure (ARF) patients at the emergency department. M e t h o d s: We retrospectively analyzed 104 patients with ARF and with serum creatinine (Cr) level above 2 mg/dL and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 62.5 mL/min/ 1.73m2 (< 50%), who were treated at the emergency department fome Jan. 1998 to Aug. 2003. R e s u l t: Among the 104 patients, 71 patients were male and 33 patients were female. The overall mortality was 16.3%. Based on a univariate analysis, sex, age > 60 years, underlying disease, cause of ARF, urine volume, existence of oliguria, duration of oliguria, proteinuria, GFR, serum BUN, serum Cr, BUN/Cr ratio, arterial pH, PaO2, S a O2, serum Na+, serum K+, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, serum osmolarity, serum AST, serum ALT, serum creatine kinase, and serum myoglobin were all significant factors discriminating between recovery patients and nonrecovery patients (progressing CRF, mortality). Based on a multivariate analysis, sex, existence of oliguria, duration of oliguria, GFR, BUN/Cr ratio, PaO2, serum K+, SaO2, serum bilirubin, and serum osmolarity were useful factors which might affected non-recovery. C o n c l u s i o n: In ARF, the prognostic factors were serum K+, S a O2, duration of oliguria, and BUN/Cr ratio. The higher serum K+, the lower SaO2, the longer the duration of oliguria, and the lower the BUN/Cr ratio are for ARF patients at the emergency department, the more the intensive care emergency physician must perform.
염경순 한국비교문학회 2010 比較文學 Vol.0 No.51
This paper explores how Henri Bergson's idea of duration can give some hope for the self, for the internal consciousness to live through beyond the chaos and social oppression. The identity-focused philosophy had been the dominant stream of the western traditional philosophy since Plato. But the identity-focused philosophy has been severely found fault with since the beginning of the 20th century. Henri Bergson, twentieth century philosopher, changed the way the world understands time. In his philosophy, Bergson insists that time works as one simultaneous concept rather than working as a linear time (the past, the present, and the future). The past has an influence on the present, and the present functions with the future in mind. Bergson introduces the notion of 'duration' as the time of inner experience, the time of past, present and future. Pure duration is the form which the succession of our conscious states assumes when our ego lets itself live, when it refrains from separating its present state from its former states. That is, real duration is the dynamic temporality of one's psychic experience that exists within the self in relation and in response to temporality in general. Virginia Woolf looked for a new form which could overthrow the technique of conventional fiction. Woolf attempted to describe something existing beyond everyday consciousness, the idea of which is connected with Bergsonian 'duration'. The moment of being Clarissa encounters becomes the most significant durational moment for her while Clarissa is alone at the end of the party. This epiphanic moment of duration at the end of the novel animates a optimistic reading. Clarissa survives her day. She does not abandon her inner self, nor does she abandon her social self. Bergson absolutely had a great effect on modernist thought, particularly in the area of time. Bergson's theories of time, duration, the self function well with Woolf's work. He aids us to understand the conflict of the internal and assure Woolf's belief that the internal must endure within the external world.
굽힘하중을 받는 섬유 금속 적층판의 응력-변형률 예측을 위한 대변형 유한요소해석
염경미(Kyung Mi Yeom),이종수(Jongsoo Lee) 대한기계학회 2015 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.39 No.10
다양한 분야에서 금속 재료의 우수한 기계적 특성을 위해 경량화는 필수적이다. 최근에는 보다 효율적인 차체 경량화와 함께 내충격성 강화를 위하여 금속 부품 대신에 섬유 금속 적층판을 이용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 경량화를 위해서 자동차 및 항공기에서 복합재료나 샌드위치 구조로 이루어진 섬유 금속 적층판이 유용하다. 하지만, 섬유 금속 적층판 형태에 따른 기계적 특성이 도출되지 않은 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 적층판 두께 조합에 따른 특성 비교를 위하여 두께를 인자로 하고, 섬유 금속 적층판의 완전 요인 배치법으로 실험을 계획한다. 또한 유한요소 해석을 사용하여 알루미늄 판과 섬유 금속 적층판을 탄성과 소성 해석을 한다. 이를 통해 적층판 두께 조합에 따른 섬유금속 적층판 형태에 따른 기계적 특성을 분석하고, 굽힘 대변형 거동을 예측하는 유한요소 해석모델을 구축한다. Laminate structures are used in the automobile, aerospace, and display industries. The advantages of fiber metal laminates are well known. Fiber metal laminates are useful for reducing the weight and improving impact resistance . However, currently, the mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates are not derived. In this paper, we use thickness as a factor for comparing the properties of laminates of various thickness combinations. The properties fiber metal laminates are analyzed using design of experiments. In addition, the finite element method is used to analyze elastic and plastic strains of fiber metal laminates and aluminum plates. The final goal of this paper is to find a suitable finite element model of fiber metal laminates under bending.
당(唐) 덕종대(德宗代), 당조관계(唐詔關系)와 검남서천절도사(劍南西川節度使)의 외교적(外交的) 역할(役割)
염경이 중국사학회 2018 中國史硏究 Vol.114 No.-
南詔的興起,是與當時的內外形勢密切相關的.它充分利用了唐朝和吐蕃之間的矛盾, 運籌帷幄,進而建立了南詔. 唐詔關系也是在這樣的國際性背景下形成的,劍南道是唐代西南地區最爲重要的藩鎭, 是唐朝抵御吐蕃、南詔及西南諸蠻的重要力量,劍南道在唐朝與南詔的交往和戰爭中, 也占据着重要的作用. 節度使對鞏固邊防起着積極的作用,節度使后來的發展對唐中央起着非常消極的影響. 隨着節度使權利的增强,唐中央爲了保護軍事力量,對節度使進行權利限制. 劍南西川的節度使的任務是西抗吐蕃,南撫蠻獠,也就是說對吐蕃利用軍事外交,對南詔利用和平外交. 785年,任命韋皐爲劍南西川的節度使,他安撫南詔及周邊少數民族,天寶戰爭以后,唐與南詔40多年斷絶往來,韋皐恢復了唐朝與南詔的聯盟. 794年,重新對南詔進行冊封. 安史之亂以后,邊防藩鎭的節度使享有對邊防少數民族的管轄權,在795年,西川節度使被唐授予"西山八國"的稱號. 西川節度使和別的押蕃使一樣,負責監督、掌管與隣近地區外蕃的外交事務,還負責與南詔進行頻繁的通使活動. 這是因爲圍繞着劍南道,唐、吐蕃、南詔國際關系在政治、軍事上發生沖突的情況下,西川節度使與强有力的南朝形成了矛盾和沖突. 淄靑平盧節度使的押領范圍是“押新羅兼職渤海兩蕃等使"韋皐治蜀的總體策略是安撫南詔及周邊少數民族,抗擊吐蕃,收復失地,鞏固西南邊防. 其中抗擊吐蕃更是他的首要任務和頭等功業. 西川節度使在唐和南詔的外交關系中扮演着重要的角色,西川節度使扶持南詔或與南詔發生沖突,直接影響到唐和南詔的關系,因爲唐聽取西川節度使的大部分意見. 西川節度使甚至對唐對南詔的政策起着決定性作用.與其他邊防藩鎭對外關系相比,唐詔關系中,西川節度使對外外交比重更高.