북한의 사회생활 호칭 · 지칭어 연구

양수경(Yang Soo-kyung) 한글학회 2015 한글 Vol.- No.310

이 연구는 북한이 이념적인 필요에서 또는 사회 · 문화적인 변화를 수용하기 위해 규범화해 사용하고 있는 사회생활에서의 호칭 · 지칭어를 조사하였다. 구체적으로 북한의 규범적인 호칭 · 지칭어, 사회생활(‘직장 생활’과 ‘조직 생활’)에서의 호칭 · 지칭어만을 대상으로 하되, 호칭 · 지칭어를 네 가지 유형으로 분류하여 그 형태와 사용 맥락을 분석해 보고, 호칭 · 지칭어가 조직 내의 상하관계에 따라 실제 사용되는 모습을 살펴보았다. 북한의 사회생활에서 쓰이는 호칭 · 지칭어들의 유형 분석을 통해서는 우리에게 생소한 ‘동무 · 동지’가 직위, 직종, 성, 이름, 온이름 등과 결합하는 형태와 그 구체적인 사용 맥락에 대해 밝힐 수 있었다. ‘선생(님)’ 유형, 의사친족호칭 유형, 이름 단독 호칭어 유형에서는 남북이 공유하지만 다소 달라진 용법들을 확인하였다. 호칭 · 지칭어가 조직 내의 상하관계에 따라 실제 사용되는 모습 속에서는 상급이나 하급자 모두 서로를 동지로서 존중하여 대우하는 태도를 기본으로 하나 하급자가 상급을 대할 때 엄격한 상하관계의 위계가 강조되고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. The study examines address and reference terms used in social life of North Korea. The goals of this research were to investigate what are the types of normative address and reference terms used in social life of North Korea, and also how they come into use in different social hierarchy. North Korean address and reference terms in social life are classified into 4 major types(‘tongmu/tongji’, ‘seonsaeng(nim)’, pseudo kinship terms, and name) and the forms and the contexts of each type are described. The analysis of the use pattern of ‘tongmu/tongji’ showed that both the leaders and the subordinates in North Korea are supposed to treat each other as comrades like in other communist societies but North Korean norms stress the subordinates’ attitude of respect toward their leaders. The use patterns of other three types of address and reference terms were found to be somewhat different from that of South Korea.

『조선어문장성분론』의 문장성분 연구 -1장과 2장의 일반론을 중심으로-

양수경(Yang Soo-kyung),김건희(Kim Keon-hee) 한글학회 2021 한글 Vol.- No.334

『조선어문장성분론』(2005)은 북한 사회과학원 언어학연구소에서 편찬한 ‘조선어학전서’ 제28권으로 ‘문장성분’이라는 단일 주제를 종합적으로 다룬 북한의 문법서이다. 본 연구는 『조선어문장성분론』을 토대로 문장성분에 관한 최근 북한 이론문법의 내용을 소개하고 남한 문법과 대비하여 살펴봄으로써 문장성분론 논의에 새로운 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 『조선어문장성분론』에 나타난 문장성분론의 주요 특징을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개별 문장성분의 분석에서 머무르지 않고 문장성분 일반론을 구축하고자 시도한다. 둘째, 문장성분을 다층적 관점에서 분석하고 있다. 셋째 ‘통사 층위’의 의미-기능적인(통사적) 문장성분화와 ‘담화 층위’의 통신적 성분화를 구별하면서도 이러한 관점을 모두 보이는 ‘문장관계성분’라는 통합 층위의 성분을 설정한다. 넷째, 문장성분 일반론에서는 정보구조 관점의 문장성분화를 강조한다. 다섯째, 문장성분과 품사의 긴밀한 연관 관계를 제시하고, 품사의 통용성을 문장성분 관점에서 설명하고 있다. 여섯째, 하나의 문장론적 의미를 갖는 단어결합을 단순 성분으로 처리하여 그 하위유형을 구분하는 등 문장성분 설정에서 의미-기능을 비중 있게 고려한다. 일곱째, 의미-기능상 등가 단위를 별도의 문장성분으로 설정하고 외딴성분을 의미, 화용적 기능에 따라 세분하는 등 실천문법의 특성을 보인다. Joseoneo Munjangseongbunlon (Theory of Korean Sentence Constituents) (2005) is the 28th volume of the Joseoneohak Jeonseo (Collected Writings of Korean Linguistics) compiled by the Linguistics Research Institute of the North Korean Academy of Social Sciences. It comprehensively discusses sentence constituents in order to systematize the sentence constituents theory as an independent division. This study introduced the recent North Korean grammar on sentence constituents and compared it with South Korean grammar, and identified implications for sentence constituents theory. The main characteristics of North Korean sentence constituents theory in Joseoneo Munjangseongbunlon (2005) are summarized as follows. First, it tries to build a general theory of sentence constituents and is not limited to the analysis of individual sentence constituents. Second, it analyzes sentence constituents from a multi-level and multifaceted perspective. Third, it distinguishes between the meaning-functional (syntactic) sentence segmentation of the syntactic level and the communicative segmentation of the discourse level and furthermore sets a new constituent of the integration level, called a sentence relational constituent. Fourth, it emphasizes the perspective of information structure in the general theory of sentence constituents. Fifth, it captures the essence of pumsatongyong by suggesting that there is a close relationship between sentence constituents and parts of speech and explains pumsatongyong in terms of sentence constituents. Sixth, it divides subtypes by treating word combinations with a single syntactic meaning as simple constituents, which indicates that North Korean grammar strongly considers meaning-function when analyzing sentence constituents. Seventh, it reveals the practical aspects of North Korean grammar, such as setting semantic-functional equivalent units as separate sentence constituents and subdividing isolated constituents according to their semantic-pragmatic function.

남북한 거절 전략 비교 연구

양수경(Yang Soo-kyung) 한글학회 2018 한글 Vol.- No.320

본 연구는 남북한이 상황별로 선호하는 전략은 어떤 것인지, 맥락 요인에 따라 전략 사용은 어떻게 달라지는지 비교함으로써 남북한 거절 전략의 모습을 구체적으로 기술하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 자료 수집 방법으로는 20대~60대의 남한 주민 74명, 북한이탈주민 73명, 총 147명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 거절 상황은 공적 · 사적 관계, 상하 관계, 친밀도, 부탁의 크기 등의 요인을 고려하여 네 가지로 설정하였다. 분석 결과, 남북이 선호하는 거절 전략의 차이, 대화 참여자와의 관계에 대한 남북의 인식 차이가 드러났으며, 이는 서로의 거절 방식에 대해 부적절하다거나 수용하기 어렵다는 인식을 가져올 수 있다. 북한의 거절 전략 사용에서 전체적으로 ‘사과하기’의 비율이 남한에 비해 낮다는 점, 공적 관계에서 보상 행위 없이 거절 표현을 사용하는 비율이 상대적으로 높다는 점, 특히 직장 동료와의 관계에서 공손성에 대한 노력을 덜 기울인다는 점 등이 탈북민이 거절 시 상대방에 대한 배려가 적다는 평가에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study is to describe how speakers in South and North Korea refuse requests by comparing the refusal strategies of South Korean natives and North Korean refugees used in different situations. In particular, this study examines the refusal strategy characteristics of refugees that have been mentioned in previous research: “there was little emotional consideration for the addressee, such as expressing reasons for the rejection or apologizing,” and “refugees did not respond sensitively to contextual factors such as their relationship with the addressee.” As a data collection method, we administered questionnaires to 73 South Korean natives and 74 North Korean refugees. Four rejection situations were established, taking into consideration factors such as public/private setting, power, and familiarity. The results of the analysis are presented in the order of “the burden level caused by rejection,” “a comparison of preferred rejection strategies,” and “a comparison of rejection strategy variations by situation.”.

남북한 거절 화행 비교 연구

양수경 ( Yang Soo-kyung ) 한말연구학회 2017 한말연구 Vol.- No.43

This study aims at investigating the similarities and differences of refusal speech act between Korean speakers from South Korea and North Korea. By analyzing the data which was collected from 74 South Korean participants and 73 North Korean refugees who had been divided into two groups and being asked to fill out a questionnaire and a discourse completion test, the similarities and differences in terms of evaluation of direct and indirect refusal, burden level caused by refusal, and way of expressing refusal between these two groups are compared. Through the analysis, it shows that there is a significant difference of the evaluations of indirect refusal between participants from South Korea and North Korea. While most of the participants from South Korea had regarded indirect refusal as a considerate and courteous act, participants from North Korea had also perceived it negatively. Although the uncomfortable feelings caused by refusal were similar, the North Korean participants` way of expressing refusal was generally more direct than that of South Korean participants, which means that North Koreans use more direct refusals than South Koreans while South Koreans may prefer indirect refusals, and that may make the North Koreans seem to be relatively less polite. In addition, words being used for expressing direct refusals are also different between participants from South Korea and North Korea.

새터민 면담을 통한 남북한 화법 차이 고찰

양수경 ( Soo Kyung Yang ),권순희 ( Soon Hee Kwon ) 국어교육학회 2007 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.28 No.-

새우가공부산물을 이용한 속성 멸치액젓의 품질특성

김진수(Jin-Soo Kim),김혜숙(Hye Suk Kim),양수경(Soo Kyeong Yang),박찬호(Chan Ho Park),오현석(Hyeon Seok Oh),강경태(Kyung Tae Kang),지승길(Seung-Gil Ji),허민수(Min Soo Heu) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.1

새우가공부산물의 효율적 이용과 멸치 액젓의 영양성 및 기호성의 강화 목적으로 새우가공부산물 첨가 멸치액젓(새우가공부산물 무첨가 및 10%첨가 멸치액젓의 경우 270일 숙성, 20% 및 30% 첨가 멸치액젓의 경우 180일 숙성)을 제조하여 엑스분 질소, 맛성분, 영양성분 및 관능검사에 대하여 분석 검토하였다. 멸치액젓의 엑스분 질소함량은 새우가 공부산물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 맛의 주요성분을 살펴보기 위하여 omission test를 실시한 결과, 새우가공부산물의 첨가 유무에 관계없이 맛의 주성분은 유리아미노산이었고, ATP 관련물질 및 유기산 등의 성분은 맛에 보조적으로 관여하리라 판단되었다. 새우가 공부산물 첨가 멸치액젓의 유리아미노산 및 taste value의 결과, 멸치액젓의 맛은 모두 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid에 의하여 좌우됨을 알 수 있었고, 첨가비율이 증가할수록 proline, valine 및 histidine의 함량과 조성비가 감소하는 경향인 반면에, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine 및 lysine은 증가하는 경향이었다. 총 아미노산은 새우가공부산물의 첨가량에 관계없이 9,840~10,325 ㎎/100 g 범위였으며, 무기질 함량은 새우가공부산물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 칼슘, 인, 철 및 칼륨 모두가 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 새우가공부산물의 첨가에 기인함이 확인되었다. 또한 새우가공부산물 첨가 멸치액젓의 향, 맛 및 냄새에 대한 관능검사 결과, 쓴맛이 느껴지지 않으면서 새우 특유의 향을 느낄 수 있는 20% 첨가 제품이 가장 적절하였다. 멸치액젓의 제조시 새우가공부산물을 마쇄한 다음 첨가하여 숙성시키는 경우 맛, 향 및 영양 개선은 물론이고, 수산가공자원의 효율적인 이용 측면에서 의미 있는 결과를 얻었다. Nutritional quality of accelerated salt-fermented anchovy sauce using shrimp processing byproduct as fermenting aids was characterized and compared with commercial anchovy sauce. Four types of sauces were fermented with 0 and 10% addition of shrimp byproducts (24±2℃, for 270 days), and 20 and 30% addition of those (24±2℃, for 180 days), respectively. Extractive nitrogen content (1,431 to 1,569 ㎎/100 g) of anchovy sauces increased as additional ratios of shrimp byproduct increased. According to the results of ommission test, the taste of all anchovy sauces was influenced by the content of free amino acids, such as mainly glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Regardless of additional ratios of shrimp byproducts, all sauces were similar in total amino acid content (9,848~10,324 ㎎/100 g), which were 2 times higher compared to that of the commercial sauce. Proline, valine and histidine contents of sauces tend to decrease as the additional ratios of shrimp byproducts increased, whereas methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine contents increased. Increase of some amino acids and mineral content of sauces by increasing of additional ratios was due to release from shrimp byproducts. Sensory evaluation showed that scores of color, flavor and taste of the sauce added with 20% shrimp byproducts were significantly higher than those of other sauces (p<0.05). In the useful utilization aspects of seafood processing byproducts, shrimp byproducts were good resource for accelerated fermentation and nutritional improvement in preparation of fish sauce.

UPnP-IEEE 1394 브릿지 제어모듈 설계

반태경(Tae-Kyung Ban),양수경(Soo-Kyung Yang),최익수(Ik-Su Choi),이철희(Cheul-Hee Lee),김진오(Jin-Oh Kim),박종안(Jong-An Park) 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.7

섬모시풀(Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea) 추출물의 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 효과에 대한 연구

정기수 ( Gi Soo Jung ),이선희 ( Sun Hee Lee ),양수경 ( Soo-kyung Yang ),문성필 ( Sung Pil Moon ),송관필 ( Gwanpil Song ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ) 대한화장품학회 2020 대한화장품학회지 Vol.46 No.4

본 연구는 섬모시풀 70% 에탄올 추출물과 분획물에 대한 천연 화장품 소재의 가능성에 대해 조사하였다. 섬모시풀을 70% 에탄올 추출물과 헥산, 디클로로메탄, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 등의 순차적으로 용매별 분획을 제작하였다. DPPH과 ABTS 시험결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 우수한 라디칼 소거 활성을 보였다. 항균활성은 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes와 항생제내성균주에 대해서 paper disc 방법, 최소저해농도 및 생육억제율을 조사하였다. 그 결과, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, C. acnes 균주에 디클로로메탄과 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 추출물과 다른 분획물에 비해 우수한 항균력을 확인하였다. 또한, 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 처리한 RAW 264.7 Cell에서 NO 생성억제 활성을 확인하였다. 이로써 섬모시풀 추출물과 분획물은 세포독성이 없으며, 항산화, 항균 및 항염 효과를 보였다. 이 결과는 섬모시풀 추출물과 분획물이 항산화 활성을 가지는 효과적인 화장품 소재로 적용 가능하다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible use of the Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea extract and fractions for the development of natural cosmetic ingredients. The leaves of B. nivea var. nipononivea, extracted by 70% ethanol, were sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and n-butanol. As a result of DPPH and ABTS test, ethyl acetate fractionation was shown to be excellent in radical scavenging activity. For the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes and antibiotic resistant strains, MIC and birth control rate were observed by paper disc method. In the antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and C. acnes, the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than the other fractions and extract. Moreover, the ethylacetate fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. In conclusion, we found that B. nivea var. nipononivea extract was not cytotoxic and showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that the Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea extract and fractions could be applied as an effective cosmetic material with antioxidant activity.

식품소재로서 자숙 다랑어류뼈의 성분 특성

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),양수경(Soo Kyung Yang),허민수(Min Soo Heu) 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.1

This study was conducted to get a knowledge on chemical components of the cooked tuna bones (skipjack tuna bone and yellowfin tuna bone) as a food resource. The crude, protein of tuna bone was around 29% on the dry basis. The imino acid content (193 imino acid residues/1,000 amino acid residues) of collagen extracted from yellowfin tuna bone was higher than that (173 imino acid residues/1,000 amino acid residues) of collagen extracted from skipjack tuna bone, however, it was lower than that of collagen extracted from animal bone. The content and the ratio of unsatuated fatty acids in lipid extracted from yellowfin tuna bone were higher than those of lipid extracted from skipjack tuna bone, but they were lower than those of squid viscera oil. The contents of calcium and phosphorus as the major components of the tuna bone were 36.5g and 17.2 g in 100g ash in the skipjack, respectively, and 38.0g and 18.7g in 100g ash in the yellowfin, respectively. It was concluded from these results that tuna bones could be effectively utilized as a mineral source.

함정 근무자에서 뱃멀미 증상 발생 전 멀미약 복용의 효과에 대한 정량적 분석

김도연 ( Do Yeon Kim ),양수경 ( Soo Kyung Yang ),박기웅 ( Ki Woong Park ),신기식 ( Ki Sik Shin ) 국군의무사령부 2019 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.50 No.1

Objectives; Anti-motion sickness medications are widely used for relieving sea sickness symptoms in naval crews. Taking medications before taking a ship is recommended for general passengers, however, an objective effect of medication before sea sickness symptoms for naval crew has not been studied yet. This study aims to study a quantitative effectiveness of anti-motion sickness medication before sea sickness symptoms for naval crew. Method and material; This research was a survey research a naval destroyer. The study included available naval crews who took anti-medication before sea sickness symptoms. We collected data from self-questionniare including intensities of motion sickness when symptoms occurred, using medication after the symptoms occurred, and using medication before the symptoms occured which is described with Misery Scale (MISC). MISC change using medication after the symptoms and before the symptoms were compared with non-parametric paired t-test. Results; Among available 43 responders, average MISC score was 5.5 points when sea sickness occurs. Taking anti-motion sickness medication before symptoms occur lowered more MISC points (-3.4) compared to taking medication after symptoms (-1.6). Taking medication before symptoms had superior effectiveness than after symptoms by median of difference -1.0, sum of signed ranks (W) - 439.0, p-value <0.0001. Conclusions; We found quantitative effectiveness of taking antihistamine medication before sea sickness symptoms compared to after symptoms in naval crews. Considerable personal management is needed in commanding the ship with prophylactic use of anti-motion sickness medication preventing non-combatant loss of strength.