[자율규제 연구자가 바라본 KISO] ④ 심우민 경인교대 교수

심우민 한국인터넷자율정책기구 2022 KISO 저널 Vol.- No.49

법과 정책의 관계에 관한 입법학적 검토: 기본법 유형의 범람과 법제화 논증요소

심우민 한국정책학회 2016 한국정책학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

새로운 법규범의 정립과 접근 방향 모색

심우민 과학기술정책연구원 2018 Future Horizon Vol.- No.35

서평 : 한국사회 입법학 논의의 토대 형성 -박영도, 「입법학 입문」(법제연구원, 2008)-

심우민 법과사회이론학회(구 법과사회이론연구회) 2008 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.35

알고리즘 투명성에 대한 규범적 접근방식

심우민 한국인터넷윤리학회 2018 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.2 No.1

As artificial intelligence technology develops, it has increasingly been attracting attention in multiple disciplines. Artificial intelligence usually consists of mechanical intelligence with a judgment ability that is similar to a human's. Artificial intelligence algorithms autonomously modify other algorithms by learning specific data and reflecting this learning in the results. It is a structure created by imitating the system of human judgment, but it can sometimes be difficult to grasp the judgmental aspect of artificial intelligence. The difficulty of a making a fair judgment in this case seems to be due to the lack of consensus, different from the judgment of all mankind, which has been accumulating for a long time. Therefore, this study examines the legal issues of artificial intelligence technology and tries to find a normative approach on this basis. I argue that the indeterminacy problem that arises from the judgment of artificial intelligence should be managed with the transparency and the accountability of the algorithm. In addition, I propose an approach that comprises professional ethics as well as the establishment of an authentication system, individual rights, and a direct administrative regulation by way of lawful countermeasures against artificial intelligence algorithm liability or accountability. It is now necessary to induce and support social entities, such as developers, business operators, and users, to autonomously cooperate in the establishment of ethical standards.

민주시민교육과 입법교육

심우민 한국법과인권교육학회 2020 한국법과인권교육학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.06

인공지능과 법패러다임 변화 가능성: 입법 실무 거버넌스에 대한 영향과 대응 과제를 중심으로

심우민 법과사회이론학회 2017 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.56

This article examines the impacts of the artificial intelligence technologies on the transformation or evolution of the existing legal system and seeks to draw up some corresponding tasks or issues on the improvement of legislative practice governance. For this purpose, the possibilities of transformation in the legal paradigm are examined based on the characteristics of artificial intelligence technology. In this regard, Philippe Nonet & Philip Selznick’s conceptions of responsive law have significant implications for the change. Responsive law refers to legal system as facilitators that meet social needs and aspiration. This is different from the conceptions of autonomous law that have emphasized rather formal legal authority. Response law is quite persuasive in the considerations of legal system which responses to the indeterminacy inherent in algorithms that are the basis of artificial intelligence technology. Given the responsive law paradigm, current legislative practice governance faces significant changes in demand. Relating to this problem, this article suggests four tasks such as the establishment of response system on the automation of legislative decision-making, the construction of legislative information sharing system, the institutionalization of a sustainable and expeditious legislative impact assessment system, and the preparation of legislative procedures for the joint committees’ jurisdictions. The assertion of the transition to the response law paradigm in this article is not intended to insist some kind of historical evolutionary law. This article merely emphasizes that the development of dynamic emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence will generate social risks and problems that are difficult to predict, and that it is necessary to look for legal systemic countermeasures from a long-term and close perspective. 이 논문은 인공지능 기술의 일상화가 현행 법체계의 변화 또는 진화에 미치는 영향을 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 입법 실무 거버넌스 개선에 관한 쟁점을 도출하고자 하였다. 우선 인공지능 기술의 특성을 전제로 법패러다임 변화 가능성을 검토하였다. 이와 관련하여 노넷-셀즈닉의 응답적 법 관념은 그 변화와 관련하여 상당한 의미를 가진다. 응답적 법이란 사회적 필요와 기대에 부응하는 촉진제로서의 법을 의미하며, 다소 형식적인 법적 권위를 중시했던 자율적 법 관념과는 차별성을 가진다. 인공지능 기술의 근간이라고 할 수 있는 알고리즘이 내재하고 있는 불확정성에 대한 법체계적 대응이라는 측면에서 응답적 법은 상당한 설득력을 가진다. 응답적 법 패러다임에 입각해 볼 때, 현재의 입법 실무 거버넌스는 상당한 변화의 요청에 직면하고 있다. 이 논문은 입법 실무상 대응 과제로 입법적 의사결정 자동화 대응체계 구축, 입법정보 공유 시스템 구축, 상시적이고 신속한 입법영향평가 체계 구축, 공동소관부처법률 처리를 위한 입법절차 개선 등을 제시하였다. 응답적 법패러다임으로의 전환 주장이 결코 법규범에 관한 모종의 역사적 진화 법칙을 의미하고자 한 것은 아니다. 다만 인공지능과 같은 역동적 신기술의 발전은 예측하기 힘든 사회적 위험과 문제 사안들을 발생시킬 것이고, 이에 법규범적으로 대응할 수 있는 방안을 장기적이고 면밀한 관점에서 모색할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조한 것이다.

반필연주의 입법학의 모색 ― Roberto Unger의 사회이론을 중심으로 ―

심우민 연세대학교 법학연구원 2022 法學硏究 Vol.32 No.2

This article tries to examine Unger's ‘Anti-Necessitarian Social Theory’ and examine the practical theoretical implications that his theory suggests about the crisis of democracy today. For this purpose, Legislative Studies as a kind of practical theory is considered to estimate how Unger's theory can be linked to academic practice. It has been a long time since Legislative Studies as an academic field were introduced to Korea, but in fact, its academic identity is still not clear. To be precise, Legislative Studies are in a period of academic stagnation. The reasons for this are (i) the lack of theoretical systematization by viewing legislation as merely the result of political compromise, (ii) the fact that so far existing Legislative Studies have relied excessively on the objectivity of social sciences, and (iii) the fact that researches on legislation are indifferent to the governance of legislative practice, which has a more realistic impact. For Legislative Studies to overcome these limitations and establish academic identity, Unger's Anti-Necessitarian Social Theory can provide considerable insight. The Anti-Necessitarian Social Theory provides a clue to overcome the crisis of democracy in contemporary society by narrowing the gap between ‘routine’ and ‘revolution’. To this end, Unger argues for overcoming ‘false necessity’, which is related to ‘deep-structure social theory’ and ‘positivist social science’ in the theoretical aspect, and ‘structural fetishism’ and ‘institutional fetishism’ in the realistic political aspect. However, overcoming the false necessity does not necessarily only mean the democratic subversion of the existing system. Unger shows the characteristic of pursuing stable change by gradually realizing the formative context (possibility of change) using existing institutional elements. This point opens up the possibility of establishing Legislative Studies as a practical theory for overcoming the crisis of democracy in contemporary society by rediscovering the relationship between law and politics. 이 논문은 웅거의 ‘반필연주의 사회이론’을 중심으로 그의 이론이 오늘날 민주주의 위기에 관해 제시해주는 실천이론적 시사점을 고찰해보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 실천이론의 한 분과로 입법학을 상정하여, 웅거의 이론이 어떠한 방식으로 학문적 실천과 연계될 수 있을 것인지를 가늠해 보고자하였다. 학문 체계로서의 입법학이 국내에 소개된 지도 오랜 시간이 흘렀지만, 사실 그 학문 정체성은 아직까지도 명확하지 않다. 정확하게 말하자면, 입법학은 학문적 침체기에 있다고 할 수 있다. 그 원인으로는 (ⅰ) 입법을 단순한 정치 타협의 결과로만 봄으로써 이론적 체계화가 부재하다는 점, (ⅱ) 이제까지의 입법학 연구가 사회과학의 객관성에 과도하게 의존해 왔다는 점, (ⅲ) 보다 현실적인 영향력을 가지는 입법 실무 거버넌스에 무관심하다는 점 등이 있다. 입법학이 이와 같은 한계를 극복하고 학문적 정체성을 확립하는 데 있어, 웅거의 반필연적 사회이론은 상당한 통찰력을 제공해 줄 수 있다. 반필연주의 사회이론은 ‘일상’과 ‘혁명’ 간의 간극을 축소시킴으로써 현대사회 민주주의의 위기를 극복할 수 있는 단초를 제공해 준다. 이를 위하여 웅거는 ‘허위적 필연성’의 극복을 주장하는데, 이는 이론적 측면에서는 ‘심층구조 사회이론’과 ‘실증주의 사회과학’을, 정치 현실적 측면에서는 ‘구조 물신주의’와 ‘제도 물신주의의’를 극복하자는 주장과 연결된다. 그러나 허위적 필연성 극복이 반드시 기존 제도의 민주적 전복만을 의도하는 것은 아니다. 웅거는 형성적 맥락(변화의 가능성)을 기존의 제도 요소들을 이용하여 점진적으로 실현시켜 나감으로써, 안정적인 변화를 추구하고자 하는 특성을 보여준다. 바로 이 지점이, 법과 정치의 관계를 새롭게 정립함으로써 현대사회 민주주의 위기 극복을 위한 실천이론으로서의 입법학이 정립될 수 있는 가능성을 열어준다.

특집 : 네트워크 정치와 헌법정치: SNS 선거규제 입법평가 모델의 시론적 구성

심우민 법과사회이론학회(구 법과사회이론연구회) 2011 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.41

As using of SNS with purpose for election has increased recently, argument on restrictions to regulate SNS in election has become the main topic of discussion. The most trend of all on this issue tends to focus on political contention rather than concrete and definite argument. A way of reconstruction of this repeated pattern can be made through establishing Legislative Evaluation Model for electoral regulations which applies to SNS. The preliminary idea of this model will be provided in this article. The importance of SNS as communicative tool is able to be revealed by Bruce Ackermann`s theories on "constitutional politics" and "normal politics". Constitutional politics is an exceptional circumstance in which new order is established. As in founding a country or revolution, all-round issues on governing would be under debate in constitutional politics. On the other hand, normal politics is politics based on an entrenched existing constitutional order. According to this division, During the period of constitutional politics, some values are excluded to integrate differences Therefore, the gulf between constitutional politics and normal politics should be reduced. Roberto Unger is one of scholars who insist reducing the gap. In this respect SNS can be regarded as phenomenalized technique to minimize the gap. It is said, however, that election law in Korea hinders the utility of SNS in the perspective above. Legislative Evaluation Model will investigate whether the law make the SNS shrunk in reality. Because there is no well formulated system for legislative evaluation in Korea, this paper tries to construct a legislation evaluation model for regulatory provisions related to SNS in the context of election. To heighten an awareness on limitation of Positivism should be premised in methodological aspect. Along with this, an introduction of constitutional and normative perspective will enlighten the discussion. Furthermore, features of SNS which consist of networks should be reflected in the model. In other words, the legislative evaluation model should include the regulative characteristics of network. In the latter half, a model to assess regulations related to SNS with electoral issues will be suggested. The model is composed of subject-setting for legislative evaluation, confirmation on constitutional and normal aspect, framing hypothesis, hypothesis evaluation, and suggestion for legislative argumentation. This flow of evaluation could instigate arguments on revision of the election law. Detailed example of results in accordance with legislative evaluation model in this article will be presented in other follow-up studies.

사업장 전자감시 규제입법의 성격

심우민 전남대학교 법률행정연구소 공익인권법센터 2014 인권법평론 Vol.- No.12