2015년 쌀풍년 발생 조건에 대한 기상학적 분석

김준환,상완규,신평,조현숙,서명철,Kim, Junhwan,Sang, Wangyu,Shin, Pyeong,Cho, Hyeounsuk,Seo, Myungchul 한국농림기상학회 2017 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Rice yield of South Korea in 2015 was the highest in last 30 years. The future direction of food policy in South Korea can be determined depending on whether the historically highest yield in 2015 can be continued or just one-off event. Therefore, it is necessary to understand whether such a high yield as 2015 can be reoccurred and how often it can occur. This study used the yield monitoring data from National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration and the meteorological data provided by Korea Meteorological Administration to identify the weather conditions, which could cause high yield, and how often these conditions occurred in the past. Our results showed that significantly high yield in 2015 could occur only when the mean sunshine hours of July and the mean sunshine hours from the end of August to early September are 5.1 hours and 6 hours, respectively. The probability of satisfying these weather conditions was 8/35 (23%) over the past 35 years. And the probability of successive high yield for two years was 1/35 (2.9%). The probability of recurrence of high yield within the next 5 years or 10 years after high yield was 4/35 (11.4%). 2015년 한국의 쌀 수량은 지난 30년 중 최고치를 보였다. 이러한 수량이 계속 될 수 있는지 아니면 일회성 사건일지에 따라서 앞으로의 식량정책의 방향이 변화될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 2003년부터 2015년까지의 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작황시험 자료와 기상청에서 제공 하는 기상 자료를 이용하여 어떤 기상 조건에서 이러한 높은 수량이 유발될 수 있는지를 결정하고 과거에 얼마나 자주 이러한 조건이 발생했는지를 확인하여 보았다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 2015 년 수준의 높은 수량은 최소한 7월 평균 일조 시간과 8월 말에서 9월 초 평균 일조 시간이 각각 5.1시간과 6시간 이상인 경우에 발생 가능하였다. 이를 바탕으로 과거 35년간(1981-2015) 이러한 기상 조건을 만족했던 해의 빈도를 계산한 결과 8/35 (23 %)로 비교적 자주 발생하는 사건임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 2 년간 연속적으로 높은 수량이 발생할 수 있는 기상조건 빈도는 1/35 (2.9 %)이었으며 비교적 희박하게 발생하였다. 2015년 수준의 대풍 가능 기상이 발생한 후 향후 5 년 이내에 다시 그러한 기상이 발생할 가능성은 4/35 (11.4 %)였다. 이러한 대풍가능 기상 조건과 빈도에 대한 접근법을 이용하여 사전에 풍년 가능성에 대한 합리적 접근이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

노지 작물의 적정 관개계획을 위한 토양수분의 공간변이성 분석

최용훈,김민영,김영진,전종길,서명철,Choi, Yonghun,Kim, Minyoung,Kim, Youngjin,Jeon, Jonggil,Seo, Myungchul 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.58 No.5

Due to droughts and water shortages causing severe damage to crops and other vegetations, much attention has been given to efficient irrigation for upland farming. However, little information has been known to measure soil moisture levels in a field scale and apply their spatial variability for proper irrigation scheduling. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability and temporal stability of soil water contents at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm on flat (loamy soil) and hill-slope fields (silt-loamy soil). Field monitoring of soil moisture contents was used for variogram analysis using GS+ software. Kriging produced from the structural parameters of variogram was applied for the means of spatial prediction. The overall results showed that the surface soil moisture presented a strong spatial dependence at the sampling time and space in the field scale. The coefficient variation (CV) of soil moisture was within 7.0~31.3 % in a flat field and 8.3~39.4 % in a hill-slope field, which was noticeable in the dry season rather than the rainy season. The drought assessment analysis showed that only one day (Dec. 21st) was determined as dry (20.4 % and 24.5 % for flat and hill-slope fields, respectively). In contrary to a hill-slope field where the full irrigation was necessary, the centralized irrigation scheme was appeared to be more effective for a flat field based on the spatial variability of soil moisture contents. The findings of this study clearly showed that the geostatistical analysis of soil moisture contents greatly contributes to proper irrigation scheduling for water-efficient irrigation with maximal crop productivity and environmental benefits.

쓰러짐에 강하고, 품질이 우수한 팥 ‘아라리’

송석보(SeokBo Song),고지연(JeeYeon Ko),서명철(MyungChul Seo),곽도연(DoYeon Kwak),우관식(KoanSik Woo),문중경(JungKyung Moon),한상익(SangIk Han),한원영(WonYoung Han),최명은(MyeonEn Choe),고종철(JongCheol Ko,),오인석(InSeok Oh) 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.3

A new small red bean cultivar, ‘Arari’, was artificially crossed between ‘SA9411-2B-1-1-2’ and ‘Suweon38’ in 1997, fixed excellent agronomic characters by pedigree breeding method, and selected for the further trials with the name of Milyang 8 . It was prominent and showed good result, such as high grain quality, Lodging resistance, and high yielding, from the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2009 to 2011 and released for the public consumption as the name of ‘Arari’in 2011. ‘Arari’ has a semi-determinate growth habit, yellow flower, green embryonic axis, dark red seed coat, white hilum, and small spherical seed (13.1 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of ‘Arari’ was 2.05 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2009 to 2011 which was a little higher than that (1.99 MT/ha) of check variety, ‘Chungju’.

지구통계적 기법을 이용한 노지 밭의 토양수분 변이성 분석

최용훈 ( Yonghun Choi ),김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),서명철 ( Myungchul Seo ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),전종길 ( Jonggil Jeon ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-

본 연구는 실제 농업인이 가을배추를 경작하는 평지밭과 경사밭을 대상으로 10 cm와 20 cm 그리고 30 cm 토양층의 토양수분함량을 조사하고, GS+ 프로그램을 이용하여 통계적인 방법으로 토양수분에 대한 공간변이성을 분석하였다. 토양수분 변동성은 평지밭에서 7.0∼31.3%, 경사밭에서 8.3∼39.4%의 범위였으며, 밭이 습할 때보다 건조할 때 크게 나타났다. Variogram modeling 결과는 경사밭보다 평지밭의 토양수분분포의 연속성이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 조사기간 중 평지밭과 경사밭은 10월 21일에만 가뭄정도가 건조 이하인 부분이 나타났고, 토양수분의 분포도 상당히 불균일한 것으로 나타났다. 연구지역의 경사밭에서는 전체 면적, 평지밭에서는 중심부에 관개하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 연구 결과처럼 지구통계학적 기법을 이용하여 토양수분 분포를 분석하면 적절한 관개 계획 수립에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

경험적 벼 작황예측 방법에 대한 소개와 원격탐사를 이용한 예측과의 비교

김준환,이충근,상완규,신평,조현숙,서명철,Kim, Junhwan,Lee, Chung-Kuen,Sang, Wangyu,Shin, Pyeong,Cho, Hyeounsuk,Seo, Myungchul 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.5

본 총설에서는 작황조사 시험을 활용한 통계적 작황예측 방법에 대해 소개하고 이를 원격탐사를 이용한 방법과 비교하였다. 17개 지역에서 이루어지는 작황조사시험 기반으로 작황조사시험의 수량구성요소 중 등숙률을 일사량과 선형회귀식으로 예측하고 면적당 영화수는 작황조사의 실측값을 활용하여 수량을 재구성하는 방법으로 예측 결과를 얻어진다. 예측 결과는 비교적 정확하였는데 지난 2010년부터 2016년까지 가장 적은 오차는 1 kg/10a였으며 가장 큰 편차는 19 kg/10a 이었다. 크게 편차가 발생한 이유는 태풍에 의해 피해 때문이었다. 즉 작황조사를 이용한 통계적 방법은 재해에 의한 공간변이를 충분히 반영하지 못하는 약점이 있다. 반면 원격탐사는 이러한 재해에 의한 공간적 변이를 보다 잘 설명할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 따라서, 벼의 생육상황에 큰 문제가 없는 경우에는 두가지 접근법 모두 유효하고 재해가 발생하였을 때는 원격탐사가 더 정확할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. This review introduces the empirical approach of rice yield forecasting and compares it with remote sensing approach. The empirical approach, was based on the results of the rice growth and yield monitoring experiment in 17 sites, estimated rice yield by recombination of yield components. The number of spikelet per unit area was from results of experiment sites and grain filling rate was estimated from linear regression with sunshine hours. The estimation results were relatively accurate from 2010 to 2016. The smallest error was 1 kg / 10a and the largest error was 19 kg / 10a. The largest error was caused by the typhoon. The empirical approach did not fully reflect the spatial variation caused by disasters such as typhoon or pest. On the other hand, remote sensing could explain spatial variation caused by disasters. Therefore, if there are not any disaster in rice field, both approaches are valid and remote sensing will be more accurate when any local disaster occurs.

쓰러짐에 강하고 항산화 활성이 높은 팥 ‘검구슬’

송석보(SeokBo Song),고지연(JeeYeon Ko),서명철(MyungChul Seo),곽도연(DoYeon Kwak),우관식(KoanSik Woo),문중경(JungKyung Moon),한상익(SangIk Han),한원영(WonYoung Han),최명은(MyeongEn Choe),박장환(ChangHwan Park) 한국육종학회 2017 한국육종학회지 Vol.49 No.4

A new small red bean cultivar, ‘Geomguseul’, was artificially crossed between ‘Chilbo’ and ‘SA8412-3-1-4-3-3-2-3’ in 1998, fixed excellent agronomic characters by pedigree breeding method, and selected for the further trials with the name of ‘Miryang 10’. It was prominent and showed good result, such as high grain quality, lodging resistance, and high-antioxidant activity in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2009 to 2011 and released for the public consumption as the name of ‘SA9801-24-4-3-1’ in 2011. ‘Geomguseul’ has a semi-determinate growth habit, yellow flower, green embryonic axis, black seed coat, white hilum, and small spherical seed (12.2 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of ‘Geomguseul’ was 2.01 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2009 to 2011 which was a little higher than that (1.98 MT/ha) of the check variety, ‘Chungju’.

비닐 멀칭 재배를 위한 APKAE 모형의 적용성 검토

최용훈 ( Yonghun Choi ),김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),서명철 ( Myungchul Seo ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),전종길 ( Jonggil Jeon ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-

본 연구는 토양특성과 재배이력 그리고 기상자료를 활용하여 일별로 토양수분을 평가 할 수 있는 토양수분 예측 모형(Assessment Program for Korean Agricultural Environment, APKAE)의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 수행하였다. 비닐 멀칭으로 배추를 재배한 밭의 토양수분함량을 주기적으로 측정하고, APKAE 모의 결과와 비교하였다. APKAE 모형은 노지 배추 밭에서 측정된 토양 수분 변화와 비교적 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나 비닐 멀칭으로 배추를 재배한 밭의 실측과 비교한 모의 결과는 많은 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 비닐 멀칭에 의한 증발량 감소와 강우시 침투량 감소 등의 영향을 APKAE 모형에서 반영하지 못하기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 향후 비닐 멀칭에 의한 영향성을 모형에 반영할 수 있도록 지속적으로 토양 수분 모니터링과 필요한 자료의 수집을 할 예정이다.

가을배추밭에 대한 APKAE 모형의 적용성 평가

최용훈 ( Yonghun Choi ),김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),김승희 ( Seounghee Kim ),서명철 ( Myungchul Seo ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.-

물 생산성을 향상시키기 위한 관개방법

김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),최용훈 ( Yonghun Choi ),전종길 ( Jonggil Jeon ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),서명철 ( Myungchul Seo ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-

It is obvious that irrigation water must reach the root zone in order to be available to crops. In order to meet this requirement, irrigators typically consider the output of the heads and set the zone run times to apply the necessary amount of water. However, even perfectly designed irrigation systems typically put down more water during a cycle than the average soil can absorb. As a result, the excess water runs off to the lowest point and excess water left standing on soil evaporates fairy quickly and then eventually reduces irrigation efficiency. One way to eliminate runoff and standing water while still applying the required amount of water is to use soak cycling (also called pulse irrigation) to break the total run time for a zone into shorter water “cycles” (timed water applications) with “soak” periods in between to allow time for water to soak into the soil before applying more water. This study carried out a series of soil column experiment to assess the performance of the soak and cycle irrigation against one time irrigation. Horticultural soils, such as peat moss, perlite and bark, and their combinations were tested. This study found that properly setting soak and cycle times dramatically improved water penetration and watering efficiency. Baseline’s irrigation controllers have the intelligent soak-cycle feature that uses intelligent watering algorithms to apply cycles in the optimal order to maximize water penetration and minimize evaporation loss.

블루베리 품종에 따른 토양 깊이별 토양수분변화

김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),김승희 ( Seounghee Kim ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),최용훈 ( Yonghun Choi ),서명철 ( Myungchul Seo ) 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Highbush blueberry is a shallow-rooted crop that is highly sensitive to soil water deficits. The amount of water supplied to blueberry plants influences vegetative growth, fruit size and quality. Supplemental irrigation is almost always needed for maximal yields even in years of plentiful rainfall because rain events occur irregularly resulting in periods of drought during the growing season. Despite this vulnerability to water, little is known about the water relations of this crop, particularly with regard to any variation that may occur among cultivars or with soil depth. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of soil depth and blueberry cultivars on the changes of soil water content. Blueberry plants have shallow root systems with the majority of the roots 20 to 30cm deep in the soil and its distribution is dependent on the age of the plant and climatic and soil conditions. A total of 17 blueberry cultivars (Duke, Elizabeth, Brigitta, Camellia, Rebel, Huron, etc.), 10 cultivars from “A” farm (3,516m²) and 7 cultivars from “B” farm (1,893m²), were investigated. Time-dependent soil moisture data from 100 blueberry cultivation pots were continuously monitored using s portable soil water sensor (WT2000) throughout the cultivation period at two depths, 10cm and 20cm, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the soil water content for each blueberry cultivar at 10cm were significantly different while no variation of blueberry cultivar was existed at a depth of 25cm. The comparison of blueberry cultivars showed that there was no critical difference existed among them. Continuous study will be conducted to utilize this result to establish the optimal growth condition for blueberry.