Interpretation of "Tri-jiao" presented in 『SuWen?Linglanbidianlun』

방정현 대한한의학회 2005 대한한의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

There are wide variations in the definition and functions of Tri-jiao among investigators in the area of Chinese medicine. Given a wide spectrum of views, it is difficult to identify uniformed opinions about the definition and functions of Tri-jiao. This paper is intended to clarify the meaning of the Tri-jiao, which was presented as "it builds a waterway and serves as the passage for the flow of Shuidao" in the texts of 『SuWen·Linglanbidianlun』, a classic book of traditional Chinese medicine. Investigators have been divided in their opinions in interpreting this reference - some claim that Tri-jiao regulates fluid metabolism in the entire body while others assert that the role of Tri-jiao is limited to lower-jiao that controls urination function. However, does not appear convincing given the description in other texts of 『SuWen·Linglanbidianlun』, in which functions of 12 organs were explained in a summarized manner. The assumption that the role of Tri-jiao is closely linked with lower-jiao seems to have deviated from the meaning of the original texts. Besides, fluid metabolism involves the entire body, and any pathological changes caused by disorders of fluid metabolism can affect any part of the body, not only the lower area of body cavity. The phrase , "passage for the flow of Shuidao," expressed in the texts of 『SuWen·Linglanbidianlun』, is likely to say that body fluid is also distributed and transported to the whole body along with Primordial-Qi via Tri-jiao. The phrase, "passage for the flow of Shuidao" means that Tri-jiao involves in regulating body fluid metabolism and that it plays an important role in fluid distribution.

Rastelli씨 수술을 이용한 선천성 교정형 대혈관 전위증(SLL) : 1례 보고 A Case Report

방정현,윤양구,임승균 침례병원 1998 浸禮病院學術誌 Vol.14 No.-

Boerhaave`s Syndrome: 치험1례

방정현,김호경,이두연,Bang, Jeong-Hyeon,Kim, Ho-Gyeong,Lee, Du-Yeon 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1991 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.24 No.4

Postemetic rupture of the esophagus is an intrathoracic catastrophe which is universally fatal if untreated immediately. We have experienced one case of Boerhaave`s syndrome at the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine. He was 56 years old male who complained severe chest-pain, dyspnea with sudden vomiting after alcohol. Esophagogram showed barium leakage through rupture site on lower esophagus into left thoracic cavity. He had taken repair of the rupture site of lower esophagus and wrapping it with the body of the stomach wall because of relatively clean rupture margin even though 48 hours following the rupture. He has been uneventful in post-operative courses & he discharged with good conditions.

비상관성 심실중격결손중을 동반한 양대혈관우심실기시증 환자에서의 양심실성 교정

방정현,이영탁 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1997 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.30 No.7

세종병원 흉부외과에서는 1995년 5월부터 1996년 9월까지 비상관성 심실중격결손을 동반한 양대혈관우심 실기시증 환자 7례를 대상으로 하였다. 연령분포는 2세에서 9세로 평균 3.4$\pm$2.7세였으며 남녀비는 남자가 5례, 여자가 2례이었다. 술전 전례에서 심초음파 및 심도자 검사를 시행하였다. 심실중격결손은 7례모두가 비 상관성으로 막주변입구부형이었으며, 폐동맥협착이 5례, 폐동맥폐쇄가 2례 있었다. 5례의 환자에서 삼첨판막 건삭이 비정상적으로 누두부중격에 붙어있는 소견을 보여주었다. 수술은 2례에서 심실내교정술 및 폐동맥확 장술을, 3례에서 Rastelli술식을, 2례에서 REV 술식을 시행하였다. 술후 사망한 환자는 없었고, 추적조사는 1 개월에서 18개월로 평균 10$\pm$6개월 이었다. 비상관성 심실중격결'손을 가지는 양대혈관우심실기시증 환자에서 삼첨판막 건삭이 비정상적으로 누두부 중격에 붙어있는 경우에 건삭 또는 건삭을 포함한 누두부 심근의 재이식술을 이용함으로써 양심실성 교정술 이 가능하게 되었으며 이로 인해 정상적인 해부 구조와 생리를 가능하게 하는 잇점을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로 추적기간이 아직 짧지만 수술결과는 비교적 만족할만하였으며, 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 수술 전에 정확한 검사 및 병태생리학적인 이해가 필요하며 그에따른 적절한 수술이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Understanding of the surgical anatomy of patients with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is important in the planning of biventricular repair From May 1995 to September 1996, 7 patients underwent biventricular repair for DORV with remote ventricular septal defect. There were 5 males and 2 (tamales. Age at operation varied from 2 to 9 years(mean 3.4$\pm$ 2.7years). Preoperative diagnostic assessment was made by two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Ventricular septal defect was perimembranous inlet type in all patients. Associated cardiac anomalies were pulmonary atresia in two, pulmonary stenosis in five and tricuspid chordal attachment to zonal septum in five. The operations were performed intraventricular repair and pulmonary enlargement in two, REV operation in two, and Rastelli operation in three. There was no early postoperative deaths and complications. The follow-up period war from 1 month to 18mon1hs, averaging 10: 6.1 months. In the past, we considered the Fontal operation indicative as primary choice when DORV was associated with abnormal tricuspid chordal attachment to the zonal septum, but now we believe that biventricular repair is feasible for those cases by making conal flap or reattachment method. Biventricular repair has theoretic advantages because it estabilishes normal anatomy and physiology, and it was concluded that the precise preoperative evaluation using both echocardiography and cardiac catheterization was essential to the successful surgery.

다세대 주택 반지하세대의 실내공기환경측정에 관한 연구

방정현,박진철,이언구 대한건축학회 1998 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.18 No.2

실내 마감 페인트에서의 휘발성유기용제 및 포름알데히드의 발생농도 측정연구

방정현,박진철,이언구 대한건축학회 1998 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.18 No.1

심근비후에 의한 Natriuretic Peptides 유전자 표현에 대한 연구

김수경,방정현 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1998 계명의대학술지 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구에서는 심근 비후에 따른 ANP와 BNP 유전자 표현 증가의 기전을 알아 보고자 β-adrenergic 수용체 효현제인 isoproterenol (5 mg/kg)을 5일 동안 흰 쥐의 복강내에 주사하여 심근비후를 유도하였다. 심근비후가 유도된 흰쥐의 우심방과 좌심실에서 교감신경계 및 RAS에 작용하는 약물에 의한 ANP와 BNP 유전자 표현의 변화를 RTPCR 방법으로 조사하였다. 심근비후시 나타난 ANP와 BNP의 증가는 우심방보다는 좌심실에서 현저하였다. 우심방의 ANP와 BNP 유전자의 표현은 교감신경계 차단제에 의해서 다소 억제되는경향을 보였으며 유의하지는 않았다. 그러나 좌심실에서의 ANP 및 BNP 유전자의 표현계는 captopril에 의해서는 억제되지 않았지만 교감 신경계 차단제들과 Ang Ⅱ 길항제인 saralasin에 의해서 현저하게 억제되었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 심근비후에 의한 ANP와 BNP의 증가는 우심방보다는 좌심실의 상태를 더 잘 반영하는 것으로 생각되며, 특히 BNP의 증가는 좌심실의 병리상태를 나타내는 중요한 지표가 될 수 있다고 생각한다. 아울러 이러한 증가의 기전은 교감신경계 뿐 만 아니라 Ang Ⅱ의 매개에 의해서 이루어진다는 흥미있는 결과를 얻었으며 이때의 Ang Ⅱ는 심장에서 생성된 것 이외에 심장외의 조직에서 생성된 Ang Ⅱ도 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각한다. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are hormones secreted from the heart, and their plasma levels have been shown to be increased in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the precise mechanism for secretion of ANP and BNP are not known in CHF. This study was designed to determine the mechanisms regulating the increased levels of ANP and BNP gene expression in response to cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (5 mg/kg, ip, for 5 days) in rats. The increased levels of ANP and BNP were investigated by RT-PCR method in the right atria and the left ventricles of hypertrophic hearts of rats. The extent of elevated expressions of ANP and BNP mRNA were more prominent in the left ventricles than those of the right atria. The increased expressions of ANP and BNP mRNA in the right atria were not inhibited by propranolol and clonidine, but those of ANP and BNP mRNA in the left ventricles were inhibited markedly by propranolol, clonidine, and metoprolol. Regarding the renin angiotensin system (RAS) on the ANP and BNP gene expressions, saralasin inhibited the increased levels of ANP and BNP mRNA in both the right atria and the left ventricles of the hypertrophic hearts, but captopril did not attenuate the elevated levels of the ANP and BNP gene expression. These findings suggest that the patterns of ANP and BNP gene expression provide better evidences for a pathologic condition of left ventricle than of right atrium. The underlying mechanisms of the observed ANP and BNP gene expression might be controlled by sympathetic system and RAS, mediated by angiotensin II from cardiac and extracardiac origin.

비행 애드혹 네트워크에서 시분할 다중접속 기반 자원 충돌 회피 기법

방정현(Jung-hyun Bang),이혜진(Hye-jin Lee),강신희(Shin-hee Kang),송미진(Mi-Jin Song),오유택(Yu-taek Oh),이가온(Ga-on Lee) 한국정보통신학회 2022 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.26 No.1

차량 애드혹 네트워크에서 차량의 이동성 예측을 통한 자원 충돌 예방 기법

방정현(Bang Jung Hyun),정지영(Jung Ji Young),유의성(Yu Ui Seong),이찬재(Lee Chan Jae),Ron dara,이정륜(Lee Jung Ryun) 한국통신학회 2018 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

상완 동맥에 감염성 동맥류가 발생한 감염성 심내막염 1예

박치환,박승운,박인성,이남희,유진석,정준훈,방정현 조선대학교 의학연구원 2015 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.40 No.1

Infected aneurysm occurs in 3 to 15% of infective endocarditis patients. Most commonly it involves cerebral arteries and others involve the great arteries and coronary artery. Infected aneurysms of peripheral arteries are rare and most associated with intravenous drug abuse. We describe a rare Korean case of infective endocarditis with infected aneurysm of the brachial artery, which was treated successfully with surgical management.