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박태상(Park Tae-Sang) 동북아시아문화학회 2007 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.- No.-
『Gunbaba』, written by Kim Hye-sung, a rising writer of North Korea, is a historical long-novel which is remarkably highlighting the characteristic of the independence and nationality of our people by standing a Josun military officer as a hero with a historical background of Josun which was dotted with a long spell of national ordeal such like the residence of the Japanese supervising Agent in 1906, the dismission of the Korean army in 1907, the Special Envoys of Hague, and the deposition of King Gojong. 『Gunbaba』 has a framwork of latitude of longitude of supporting characters such like Jock-song, Kwon Ki-hong, Kim Hui-sook, Yang Seol-hee, and Lee around a hero, Nam Sang-duk, a main character. This work is, so to speak, based on ' the First People of Josun', the ideology of 'nationalism', which was stressed by Kim Jeong-il, the chairman of the defence committee after he came to the force. This ideology was functioned as the driving force that caused the writing tendency such like the realistic works of the historical theme that were in great vogue in the North Korean society. Especially in one point, this work gives fun to the readers that it focuses on the nationalism by describing the various types in the decadent stage to the Japanese colonialism of the various kinds of characters, who had collaborated with the Japanese Imperialists in many ways, such as Kim Tae-jin, Lee Wan-yong, and Park Young-hyo of the day it shows. First of all, Nam Sang-duk, the hero, is actually described as a person with many troubles in the work. Nam Sang-duk, who graduated first from the Senior Military Academy and got appointed to a platoon commander of the Josun army, was continually playing a role as a trouble-maker. Without regard to his soldiership, he is engaged into some trouble between 'Cheongcheon Pub' which is operated by Kwon Soon-sil, his friend Kwon Ki-hong's elder sister and 'Sakura Coffee Shop' which is operated by a Japanese, Yoshiko and he is behind bars and then is released. In fact, it seems that the writer has intention in his mind that Nam Sang-duk, his hero, kept his foot in the trouble to make him <a sensible person>. Besides, the hero, Nam Sang-duk, deeply impressed by the Drive for National Debt Compensation of Yang Ki-tak, organized the Danyeonhoe in his Josun army and raised money to participate in the Drive for National Debt Compensation. Moreover, going on his way, he found a boy dying hit by the new train which first showed in Seoul and hurry to the doctor's office carrying him on his back and gave some portion of the fund for the Drive. After all, these activities of him seem to include the writer's purpose not only to show the patriotism of Nam Sang-duk but also to reveal the falseness and the oppression of the Japanese Militarism through the victim by the train, which is propagandized as the symbol of modernization and the point of the modem civilization which is propagandized by the Japanese Imperialism. Another one, Park Sung-hwan, the battalion commander, heard the news of the painful outcries of Yang Sung-hwan who had known the reality of the dismission of Josun army ordered by the Emperor' false will being forced by Lideungbakmun and his pro-Japanese Lee Wan-young, killed himself by a pistol. Nam Sang-duk, the hero, hearing the gun-sound and witnessing the scene of the suicide, dashed to the common soldiers, stimulated them, and resisted in arms. Nam Sang-duk, determined to die and with a bundle of explosive, rushed to the city gate where the Japanese machine-gun position and the fortress were lined up with and died a heroic death raising the morale of the rebel forces. These gallantry and intrepidity come to the victory in the end and they transfer to the esthetical category of 'heroism' and 'nobility' which the North Korean esthetics categorized. In 『Gunbaba』, there appears a peculiar assistant, Park jwa-su, who is set up a very
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박태상 ( Tae Sang Park ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2012 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.39
구보 박태원은 상당히 매력적인 작가이다. 매력적인 이유는 모더니스트로서 근대문명에 경도되는 현상을 보이면서 도시공간에 관심을 기울이다가 역사적인 공간의 확장성으로 눈을 돌렸다는 점 때문이다. 다른 하나는 초기와 달리 일제 강점기 말기부터 ``고전적인 가치``를 추구했으며, 그러한 전통 중시의 역사관이 민중사관으로 나아가 리얼리즘적인 방향으로 선회를 했다는 점 때문이다. 즉 자신의 문학의 일관성을 크게 훼손하지 않으면서도 새로운 창작공간의 확보에 성공했다는 점이 큰 매력인 것이다. 이러한 억압과 압제의 순간에도 창작의 자유를 모색하는 치열한 작가정신은 요즈음 이론으로 볼 때 탈식민주의 담론이나 해체주의 담론으로의 해석이 가능하게 유도한다. 해방 직후에 발표한 「춘보」, 『홍길동전』, 『고부민란』, 『군상』을 텍스트로 하여 스피박 등의 이론에 따른 새로운 분석을 시도했다. 우선 「춘보」를 통해 박태원은 모더니스트에서 본격적으로 리얼리스트로 변모하게 된다. 우선 이 작품은 구보 특유의 장거리문장이 사라지고, 대화체의 문체를 사용하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 또 대조법을 구사하며 ``소문``이라는 에피소드를 장치하고 ``꿈`` 처리를 함으로써 긴장을 고조시키는 구비문학적 전통기법을 구사하고 있다. 한마디로 「춘보」에서는 구보문학의 전형적 틀인 ``공간``처리를 역사적 공간으로 이동시킴으로써 탈식민주의적 해체담론을 모색하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 구보의 『홍길동전』은 ``하위주체에게 말 걸기``라는 점에서 커다란 의미를 지닌다. 그것은 보조인물로서 역사에서는 등장하지 않는 음전이와 조생원이란 허구적인 인물의 창조를 통해서 시도된다. 『고부민란』에서 작가 구보의 역사관은 전봉준이 진두에 나서지 않았더라도 이러한 고부민란은 한번은 있고야 말았을 것이라는 태도를 보인다. 따라서 『고부민란』의 예술적 가치는 양반 토호들의 학정에 참을 수 있을 만큼 참았던 민중계층이 불같이 일어날 수밖에 없었던 분노의 항거의 필연성에 대해 상세하게 서술하고 있다는 점에 있다. 한편 살아 숨쉬는 생명럭을 지니는 장임손과 신돌석이라는 민중계층의 전형적 인물을 창조해낸 것이 『군상』의 문학사적 가치라고 할 수 있다. 『군상』에서는 무대를 서울로 옮긴 주인공들의 활약을 통해 지배층의 수탈과 횡포에 희생되는 민중계층의 고통과 참혹한 삶이 그려진다. 특히 작가 구보가 근대로의 전환을 앞서 이끌었던 중인 계층을 소설 공간에 끌어들이면서, 모순된 시대상황에 희생될 수밖에 없는 존재에 귀를 기울이고 존중하려는 노력을 보인 것은 스피박이 언급했던 ``윤리적 개별성``을 부여했다는 점에서 큰 의미를 둘 수 있다. 작가의 창조적 상상력이 빛을 발하는 지점이다. Gubo Park Tae-won is quite a charming writer. His charm comes from the fact that he was interested in the urban space showing his tendency to the modern civilization as a modernist and then turned his spotlight to the scalability of historical space. Another one comes from the fact that contrary to his earlier years he has dealt with the subject of the ``classical value`` since late Japanese-colonial era and then turned to the realistic tend through the popular view of history. It`s a great attraction that he has succeeded in getting the new creative space not so much losing the consistency of literature. Viewed in the nowaday theory we can infer the discourse of decolonization or de-construction from the spirit of the writer who sought hard for the freedom of creation even at the moment of those oppression and tyranny. He tried new analyzing method in the texts of「Chunbo」,「Story of Hong Gil-dong」,「Riot of Gobu」, and「The Populace」 according to the theory of Spivak. First, through「Chunbo」Park Tae-won fully turns to the realist putting off modernist. Moreover, the characteristic on this work is that long-length sentences, which are unique to Gubo, disappears and then conversational style appears. This work also uses syncrisis and introduces original technic of oral literature which raises tension by setting up the episode, so-called, ``rumor`` and by weaving the ``dream``. In「Chunbo」, in a word, it`s the characteristic that it seeks a discourse of deconstruction in decolonization by moving the ``space`` treatment which is the typical frame of Gubo`s literature to the historical space. Gubo`s「Story of Hong Gil-dong」has great meaning in its ``telling subalterns``. It is realized through creating fictional characters such like Eumjeoni and Saegwon Joe as supporting actors. In「Riot of Gobu」, the writer Gubo`s historical view shows strongly that people`s riot of Gobu was expected to take place one day without Jeon Bong-jun`s lead. So the artistic value of「Riot of Gobu」is that the inevitability of the resistance of fury into which people rose up after the intolerable years of the tyranny of the noble landed proprietors was described in detail. Meanwhile, the value of history of literature of「The Populace」is that it has created the typical characters of the populace such like Jang Im-son and Shin Dol-seok who live alive in vivid description. In sequence, through the activities of heroes who moved their grounds to Seoul, there were described the agony and miserable lives of the populace who were sacrificed under the exploitation and oppression by the ruling class. Especially, his efforts that bringing the middle-class, who lead the days prior to the transition to modern times, to the space of novel, the writer Gubo tried to listen to and pay attention to the lives who were doomed to fall a sacrifice to the contradictory situations of the time, are significant in that he granted ``ethical haecceity`` that Spivak mentioned to them. It`s the point that the author`s creative imagination glitters.
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박태상(Tae Sang Park),서정수(Jung-Soo Suh) 한국전산유체공학회 1998 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1998 No.-
Axisymmetric flows in an optical fiber coating applicator were computed by using structured finite volume solver FLUENT. The numerical computations were performed for various draw speeds from 900m/min to 1, 200m/min. The physical phenomena in the coating applicator is the main topic of this paper. The results of the simulations covering streamline, pressure, temperature, and fluid-fluid interface are shown in this paper.
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고전문학 : 최근 북한소설문학에 나타난 "향토애,민족애" 주제의 특징 -2013년작 <대지의 풍경>,<사랑>,<삶의 뿌리>,<달밤>을 중심으로-
박태상 ( Tae Sang Park ) 한성대학교 한성어문학회 2013 漢城語文學 Vol.32 No.-
금년인 2013년 2월과 5월 사이에 북한의 『조선문학』을 통해 발표된 황 동선의 「대지의 풍경」, 리용운의 「달밤」, 박경철의 「삶의 뿌리」, 리태윤의 「사랑」은 모두 향토애와 민족애를 내세우는 단편소설들로서 김정일시대에 식량부족문제를 해결하기 위해 역점을 두었던 ‘토지정리사업과 간석지 농장 개척을 사실적으로 다룬 작품이라는 특징을 보인다. 이들 소설에서 재미있는 것은 숨은 영웅에 가까우면서 전면에 나서지않고 조용히 뒤에서 주인공의 어려움을 해결해주는 조언자의 역할을 하는 ‘아바이’ 형상이 빈번하게 등장한다는 점이다. 달라진 점은 1980~1990년대와 달리 이들의 이미지가 관료제의 폐단 등을 꼬집고 비판하는 차갑고 냉소적인 시선을 거두고, 실용적인 효과를 거둘 수 있는 구체적인 방안을 조언하거나 과거의 경험을 바탕으로 증산을 위해 궂은일을 마다하지 않고 전면에 나서서 해결사로 나서기까지 한다는 점이다. 서사구조 상의 이러한 전환양상은 김정일에서 젊은 김정은으로 최고 권력자가 바뀐교체기에 뒤따를 수 있는 세대 간의 갈등이나 경험이 일천한 관료들이나 노동자들의 무모한 정책추진의 위험성을 사전에 차단하기 위한 방안으로 보인다. 또 이러한 새로운 ‘아바이’ 형상의 등장은 배급체계의 붕괴로 굶주리는 북한주민들이 의존했던 산과 구릉의 경사지를 활용한 뙈기밭에서의 산출을 차단, 정비하여 규격포전으로 만들어 협동농장에 편입하는 방안에 대한 북한 농촌주민들의 심심찮은 저항을 의식한 측면도 있다. 작품에서 1990년대 초에 리태윤과 리광식의 단편에서 보여주었던 사랑을 통한 청춘의 힘과 분출력을 활용한 신세대 노동력의 동원을 모색하는 방안이 다시 등장하고 있는 점도 눈여겨 볼 현상이다. 청년계층에게 ‘생산적 사랑’의 필요성을 부각시키는 것은 노동력의 부족이 심각하여 생산력의 감퇴가 나타나고 있는 현실에서 여성노동력의 유입을 노리는 동시에 아버지세대와 달리 개인주의 속성을 드러내고 있는 신세대를 계몽시키려는 의도도 엿보인다. 리태윤의 작품에서 묘사된 “참다운 행복은 뜨거운 사랑을 바친 사람에게만 찾아온다”는 말뜻은 묘한 뉘앙스를 풍긴다. All of Hwang Dongsun 「landscape of the earth」, Lee Yongun 「moonlit night」, Park Kyungchul 「root of life」 and Lee Taeyun 「love」 which were presented by North Korea`s 『Joseon Literature』 from Feb. to May in 2013 are short stories standing on local patriotism and racial love and treat realistically ``land readjustment project and tideland development to farm`` focused by Kim Jungil period so as to solve the problem of food shortage. In those novels, it`s interesting that ``ibai`` shape who is closed to hidden hero and solves heroine`s difficulties silently from behind, not comes to the front, is frequently appeared. For the difference, their image is to eliminate cold and sarcastic sight judging negative effects of bureaucracy, etc, suggest concrete measures for practical effects or play roles of solver in the front, not refuse tough works, for production increase based on the experiences of the past, unlike 1980~1990s. The changing aspect of narrative structure is shown as a measure to prevent previously dangers of reckless policy promotion of bureaucrats or laborers with a few conflicts among the generations or experiences, which can be follows during the change of the lord paramount from Kim Jungil to young Kim Jungeun. Also, appearance of new ``ibai`` shape recognized resistance of North Korean residents for measures to transfer to cooperative farm by preventing and arranging the production and making standard garden from patch of paddy utilizing mountains and hill areas, that North Korean residents who are hungry because of the collapse of distribution system. It`s significant that measures to seek collection of labors of new generation by utilizing power and spurt of youth through the love shown in short stories of Lee Taeyun and Lee Kwangsik in early stage of 1990s again. To focus on necessity of ``productive love`` to youths, there were intentions to introduce female labors and enlighten new generation showing individual attributes unlike father`s generation while the lack of labor is serious and productivity is reduced. The meaning of words, "true happiness is come to people who contribute warm love" described in the work of Lee Taeyun have strange nuance.
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