자해흔 청년들에 대한 정신의학적 연구

박청산 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, the author attempted at an evaluation of the psychiatric characteristics in young adults with scars of self-injury. They were 114male draftees of korean Army, who had been referred to the psychiatric department for a more evaluation clinically. The results were as follows: They have grown in lower educational environment due to the lowest educational level of their parents. They have high rates of first run-away history, first self-injury and criminal history during the period of high school. Most of them and their father have been frequently drinking. The self-injured has been aggression and hostility toward authoritative figure. I suppose that they have been negatively identify with their father. Their motivation for self-injury was mostly anger, depression and heroic spirits. The act of self-injured were mostly gestures for certain secondary gain in the presence of others and for tension relief. They had been unable to discharge directly their aggression and anger toward others, so their aggression turned against themselves. The MMPI indicated indirectly that the self-injured is impulsive and antisocial trends.

Nialamide 및 Lithium 이 가토 혈중 알콜 농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

박청산 대한신경정신의학회 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.4

Lithium, a monovalent cation and the lightest alkali metal, was discovered in 1818 by Arfwedson. Since Cade, in 1949, found that lithium carbonate caused sedation in guinea pigs and that it did calm manic patients, numerous studies have indicated that the drug is effective in the control of mania and other psychotic excitement, and also in the prevention of manic depressive episodes. Nialamide, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, is an antidepressant without hepatotoxicity which first introduced in 1959. Thereafter, many investigators established that nialamide was of value in treating patients with depression and chronic alcoholism. Its use as an antidepressant had been greatly reduced around 1962 due to its relative ineffectiveness. It has lately been reported that lithium and several other psychotropic drug elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits. In view of these reports, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of nialamide alone or in combination with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits. Materials and Methods 1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2. 0kg and 3. 0kg. 2. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental. The control group was given alcohol alone and the experimental group was divided into 3 groups : alcohol-fnialamide group, alcohol+lithium group, and alcohol~fnialamide+lithium group. 3. Nialamide was given orally (in a capsule form) in a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight, daily for 5 days. The last dose of nialamide was given ninety minutes before alcohol administration. 4. Lithium chloride solution, 6.36%, was given, in a dose of 3.0 mEq/kg of body weight, daily for 4 days intravenously. The last dose was given I hour before alcohol administration. 5. In all groups, 20 vol. % ethanol solution was given, in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight, at a constant rste for 5 minutes, intravenously. 6. All of the blood specimens were obiained by cardiac puncture at 15 and 45 minutes respectively after alcohol administration. 7. The blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett s method. Results 1. Alcohol+Nialamide group: Nialmide significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcoholadministration (p<0.05). 2. Alcohol4-Lithium group: Lithium significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at both 15 minutes ( p <0.01) and 45 minutes ( P <0. 05) after alcohol administration. 3. Alcohol-fNialamide+Lithium group: Nialamide in combination with lithium significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administation (PC0.01). Conclusions 1. The orally administered nialamide, in a dose of 30 mg/kg daily for 5days, elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits at 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 2. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride, in a dose of 3. 0 mEq/kg daily for 4 days, elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 3. The nialamide in combination with lithium chloride elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration

Nialamide 및 Lithium이 가토 형중 알콜 농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

박청산 大韓神經精神醫學會 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.4

Lithium, a monovalent cation and the lightest alkali metal, was discovered in 1818 by Arfwedson. Since Cade, in 1949, found that lithium carbonate caused sedation in guinea pigs and that it did calm manic patients, numerous studies have indicated that the drug is effective in the control of mania and other psychotic excitement, and also in the prevention of manic depressive episodes. Nialamide, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, is an antidepressant without hepatotoxicity which first introduced in 1959. Thereafter, many investigators established that nialamide was of value in treating patients with depression and chronic alcoholism. Its use as an antidepressant had been greatly reduced around 1962 due to its relative ineffectiveness. It has lately been reported that lithium and several other psychotropic drug elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits. In view of these reports, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of nialamide alone or in combination with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits. Material and Methods 1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2.0kg and 3.0kg. 2. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups : control and experimental group. The control group was given alcohol alone and the experimental group was divided into 3 groups : alcohol+nialamide group, alcohol+lithium group, and alcohol+nialamide+lithium group. 3. Nialamide was given orally(in a capsule form) in a dose of 30mg/kg of body weight, daily for 5 days. The last dose of nialamide was given ninety minutes before alcohol administration. 4. Lithium chloride solution, 6.36%, was given, in a dose of 3.0 mEq/kg of body weight, daily for 4 days intravenously. The last does was given 1 hour before alcohol administration. 5. In all groups, 20 vol. % ethanol solution was given, in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight, at a constant rate for 5 minutes, intravenously. 6. All of the blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 15 and 45 minutes respectively after alcohol administration. 8. The blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method. Results 1. Alcohol+Nialamide group : Nialamide significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration (P<0.05). 2. Alcohol+Lithium group : Lithium significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at both 15 minutes (P<0.01) and 45 minutes (P<0.05) after alcohol administration. 3. Alcohol+Nialamide+Lithium group : Nialamide in combination with lithium significantly elevated the blood alcohol level at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration(P<0.01). Conclusions 1. The orally administered nialamide in a dose of 30 mg/kg daily for 5 days, elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits at 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 2. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride, in a dose of 3.0 mEq/kg daily for 4 days, elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 3. The nialamide in combination with lithium chloride elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 minutes and 45 minutes after alcohol administration.

연구동향 중국에서의 조선족활동사 연구에 왜곡 심하다

박청산 역사문제연구소 1991 역사비평 Vol.- No.17

알쯔하이머형 치매에서 SPECT의 특징적 소견에 대한 연구

박청산(Chung San Park) 대한노인정신의학회 1999 노인정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

기능적 신경영상기법의 하나인 SPECT는 알쯔하이머형 치매의 진단 및 병태생리에 대한 연구를 위한 실질적인 도구로 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 정도가 심하지 않은 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자에서 반정량적인 SPECT 소견을 연구함으로써, SPECT가 실제로 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자를 조기에 감별하는 유용한 도구로 사용될 수 있는 지를 조사하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 저자는 14명의 건강한 정상노인과 19명의 정도가 심하지 않은 알쯔하이머형 치매환자 그리고 14명의 혈관성 치매환자의 양측 전두엽, 전 측두엽, 후 측두두정엽 그리고 후두엽의 대뇌피질 영역 등 관심영역에서의 상대적인 혈류지표 소견을 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 SPECT의 혈류지표 소견이 정도가 심하지 않은 알쯔하이머형 치매의 경우 정상 대조군보다 양측 후 측두 두정엽 부위에서 통계적으로 유의하게 저하된 소견을 보여주고 인지기능은 일부 관심영역에서의 혈류 저하와 유의한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 이러한 소견은 SPECT에서의 반정량적인 혈류지표 소견이 알쯔하이머형 치매에서 정도가 심하지 않은 치매 환자군을 정상 성인으로부터 구별할 수 있는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다는 것을 제시한다. Objectives:Single photon emission computed tomography is a practical modality for the study of physiologic cerebral activity in vivo. So to improve the diagnostic utility of brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). we evaluated an objective method of differentiating patients and healthy elderly controls using a semiquantitive image analysis protocol. Methods:Supratentorial transaxial perfusion measurements were obtained in frontal, anterior temoral, posterior temporoparietal and occipital cortical areas in both hemispheres, in a baseline population of 14 healthy elderly controls and 19 mild to moderately impaired AD patients as well as 9 cases of vascular dementia. Results:Statistically significant hypoperfusion was noted in both posterior temporoparietal regions of interest in the AD group compared with controls. And also hypoperfusion in left posterior temporoparietal area was found in the vascular dementia group compared with controls. Several correlations between perfusion ratio in some cortical area and MMSE score, BDS score and duration of disease in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Conclusion:We found that all subjects with AD demostrated flow deficits in temporoparietal cortex bilaterally, and that the cortical-to-cerebellar ratio in bilateral temporoparietal region allowed the differentiation of all patients with AD from both controls and from the patients with vascular dementia. And ratio in specific region showed a correlation with cognitive function, disease severity and duration ing the AD group. Single photon emission computed tomography appears to be useful in the differential diagnosis of dementia and reflects clinical features of the disease.

선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, SSRI)가 한국인 알코올의존증 환자의 알코올 갈망행동에 미치는

이종섭,배종훈,박청산 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.7 No.-

In our study during 6 weeks, We examined the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) on the treatment of Korean alcohol dependence patients and analyzed their personality traits for the more effective approach toward therapeutic rehabilitation of them. Results are as followings: 1) Analysis of the results by Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale(OCDS) showed significant decreased effects on alcohol craving behavior of patients with alcohol dependence from 4th week to 6th week in SSRI treatment group compared with placebo group. 2) There was significant decreace of degree of alcohol craving behavior in 6-week SSRI treatment group compared with placebo group in analysis by Likert Scale. 3) Korean alcohol dependence patients showed type I personality traits.

Morphine의 血糖 및 血奬 Corticosterone 增加作用에 미치는 Naloxone과 Dexamethasone의 影響

朴靑山,全普權,申萬鍊 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

There are still considerable debates as to the similarity of opioid receptor and ACTH receptor and the interrelationships between opioid peptides and ACTH in the adrenal sterolidogenesis. To evaluate the interrelationships between opioid peptides and ACTH in the adrenal steroidogenesis and the role of the catecholamines liberated by opioid substances in the above interrelationships, the influences of naloxone and dexamethasone on the changes induced by morphine and ACTH of plasma corticosterone and blood sugar levels and the interactions between morphine and ACTH on those levels were studied in male mice. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The normal plasma corricoscerone was not affected by dexamethasone 5mg/Kg, but markedly increased by morphine 20mg/Kg, naloxone 4mg/Kg, and ACTH 10U/Kg, respectively. 2. The morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was markedly inhibited by the pre- or post-treatment of naloxone and dexamethasone, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of each of naloxone and dexamethasone was appeared synergistically. 3. The ACTH-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was moderately inhibited by naloxone pretreatment but not affected by naloxone posttreatment and pre- or post- treatment of dexamethasone, and the inhibitory effect of naloxone was significantly attenuated by dexamethasone. 4. The ACTH-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was significantly augmented by morphine pretreatment, and the augmented increase of the level was not affected by naloxone, but the increase induced by ACTH followed by morphine of plasma corticosterone level was significantly inhibited by naloxone. 5. The normal blood sugar level was not affected by ACTH 10U/Kg, but markedly increased by morphine 20mg/Kg, naloxone 4mg/Kg and dexamethasone 5mg/Kg, respectively. 6. The morphine-induced increase of blood sugar level was significantly attenuated by each of naloxone and dexamethasone, but not affected by the combined treatment of naloxone and dexamethasone. The above results suggest that the morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level is appeared mainly by its stimulation of hypothalamo-pituitary system and also partly by its interaction with ACTH on the adrenal cortex, that the morphine-induced increases of plasma corticosterone and blood sugar are significanly attenuated by dexamethasone as well as naloxone, and also that it is difficult that the catecholamine liberated by morphine appears a meaningful effect on the morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level.

Medazepam이 가토 혈중 주정 농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

유순형,박청산 大韓神經精神醫學會 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.4

Chlordiazepoxide (librium) has been regarded as potent anti-anxiety drug and led to its introduction as an antianxiety drug. Medazepam (nobrium) is a relatively new benzodiazepine, chemically very similar to chlordiazepoxide. In recent years it has been made available for use in Europe, where it seems to be utilized for the treatment of anxiety. In 1960, Khouw et al. reported that chlorpromazine elevated the blood alcohol level in horse by the inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in liver. Other investigators have also been lately reported that lithium and several psychotropic drugs elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits. In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of medezepam on blood alcohol level in rabbits. Material and Methods 1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2.0kg and 3.0kg. 2. The experimental animals were divided into two groups : control and experimental group. Control group was given alcohol alone, and experimental group was further divided into two subgroups : 1) alcohol+chlordiazepoxide group 2) alcohol+medazepam group. 3. Chlordiazepoxide was given orally, in a dose of 40mg/kg of body weight, daily for five days. The last one was given 90 minutes before alcohol administration. 4. Medazepam was also given orally, in a dose of 40mg/kg of body weight, daily for five days. The last one was given 90 minutes before alcohol administration. 5. In all groups, 20 vol. % ethanol solution was given in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weght, at a constant rate for five minutes, by intravenous route. 6. All of the blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 15 and 45 minutes respectively after alcohol administration. 7. The blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method. Result 1. Alcohol+Chlordiazepoxide group Chlordiazepoxide failed to elevate the blood alcohol level at both 15 (P>.10) and 45 minutes (P>.05) after alcohol administration. 2. Alcohol+Medazepam group Medazepam elevated the blood alcohol+45 minutes (P< .01) but not at 15 minutes (P>10). Conclusion 1. The orally administed chlordiazepoxide, in a dose of 40mg/kg/day, for five days, elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration, but they were not statistically significant 2. The orally administered medazepam in adose of 40mg/kg/day, for five days elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration, but the result at 15 minutes was not statistically significant.

홧병에 있어서의 방어기제와 대응전략

한정옥,박청산,민성길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1993 신경정신의학 Vol.32 No.4

Defense mechanisms and coping strategies in Hwabyung patients were studied with 109 healthy persons and 132 neurotic patients. They were asked to rate the hwabyung scale, Bond's defense style questionaire and a coping strategy scale. The patients with hwabyung were 4 of 110 normal persons and 42 of 132 neurotic patients. The results suggest that hwabyung is significantly related with the mechanisms of somatization, orality, suppression-inhibiton-with-drawal, avoidance of stimulus and tension, externalization, help-seeking complaining, impulsiveness(hwapuri). Also hwabyung is related with humor, pseudoaltruism, omnipotence, self-pity, fatalism, and fantasy.

선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, SSRI)가 한국인 알코올의존증 환자의 알코올 갈망행동에 미치는 영향과 성격 유형에 대한 분석

이종섭,박청산,배종훈 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.- No.7