19세기 중반의 미국여성과 일 : 루이자 메이 올코트의 『일』과 『병원 스케치』 연구

박연옥(Yun-Ok Park) 신영어영문학회 2010 신영어영문학 Vol.47 No.-

This article attempts to analyze the relationship between the work and the lives of the heroines of the two novels, who refuse to stay in the private sphere of home and venture out to the world to work and live independently in the 1860-70s when job opportunities are not widely open to the white middle-class women of America. Tribulation Periwinkle in the Hospital Sketches goes to the Civil War as army nurse, and Christie in Work goes one job after another including army nurse until she has experienced almost all the jobs that were open to women at the time. This paper goes over the issue of gender or sexual identities in Hospital Sketches, against which Trib bumps doing her duty as nurse, and the issues of marriage and work to Christie in Work, and discuss what kind of meaning ‘work’ does give to 19th-century American women. In the course of discussing these issues, this article also attempts to find out how Alcott’s novels depart from domestic or sentimental novel and connects to the women local-color novelists of the 1880-90s.

상용 부품 비정형 데이터와 인공 신경망을 이용한 부품 단종 예측 방안 연구

박연경(Yun-kyung Park),이익도(Ik-Do Lee),이강택(Kang-Taek Lee),김두정(Du-Jeoung Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.10

기술의 발전으로 다양한 부품의 개발 및 상용화는 가능 하였으나, 이에 따라 부품의 단종 주기는 단축 되었다. 이는 수천 품목 이상의 부품을 활용하여 개발하고, 장기간 운영하는 무기체계의 수리 부속 보급을 어렵게 하였으며, 무기체계 운용 가용도 저하의 주요 원인으로 작용하였다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 미국 등은 전담 기구를 만들어 대응하고 있으며, 국내에서는 상용 부품단종 예측도구를 활용하여 단종을 예측하고 관리하고 있다. 하지만 상용 부품단종 예측도구에서 단종 정보가 제시되지 않는 부품에 대한 대응 및 관리는 부재한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 상용부품단종 예측도구에서 제공하는 부품에 대한 정형, 비정형 빅데이터를 수집하고, 데이터 전처리 및 Embedding 과정을 거쳐, 신경망 학습 알고리즘을 적용하여, 상용 부품에 대한 단종 정보 (LC Risk, YTEOL)를 예측하는 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 제시된 모델의 예측 성능을 데이터 기술 통계량과 비교 평가 하여. 본 연구에서 제시한 학습 모델의 타당성을 검증 하였다. 결론에는 본 연구의 활용 방안과 한계점 및 발전 방향에 대하여 기술 하였다. Advances in technology have allowed the development and commercialization of various parts; however this has shortened the discontinuation cycle of the components. This means that repair and logistic support of weapon system which is applied to thousands of part components and operated over the long-term is difficult, which is the one of main causes of the decrease in the availability of weapon system. To improve this problem, the United States has created a special organization for this problem, whereas in Korea, commercial tools are used to predict and manage DMSMS. However, there is rarely a method to predict life cycle of parts that are not presented DMSMS information at the commercial tools. In this study, the structured and unstructured data of parts of a commercial tool were gathered, preprocessed, and embedded using neural network algorithm. Then, a method is suggested to predict the life cycle risk (LC Risk) and year to end of life (YTEOL). In addition, to validate the prediction performance of LC Risk and YTEOL, the prediction value is compared with descriptive statistics.

폴리아닐린 MIS 소자의 광기전력 성질

박연흠(Yun Heum Park),조원호(Won Ho Jo),미야타 세이조(Seijo Miyata) 한국고분자학회 1989 폴리머 Vol.13 No.1

전도성 아크릴 복합체의 전기적 성질

박연흠(Yun Heum Park),이민구(Min Ku Lee),김용권(Yong Kweon Kim) 한국고분자학회 1991 폴리머 Vol.15 No.1

배추 유식물의 생장과 Allantoin 대사에 미치는 Allopurinol 의 효과

박연일(Yun Il Park),권영명(Young Myung Kwon),박민철(Min Chul Park),홍영남(Young Nam Hong) 한국식물학회 1987 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.30 No.2

Effects of allopurinol (2mM), a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, on the growth and metabolism of allantoin in dark grown Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.) seedlings were investigated. Allopurinol treatment maintained the fresh and dry weights of cotyledons at higher levels, but inhibited the elongation of hypocotyls and roots of the seedlings. Total nitrogen content in the cotyledons decreased at slower rate by allopurinol. Accordingly, the levels of total nitrogen contents in the hypocotyls and roots, were depressed by the inhibitor. In the cotyledons, allopurinol began to elevate RNA levels after day 3, which it did not affect DNA level throughout the experiment. Activities of xanthine oxidase (XO:EC 1.2.3.2), uricase (UO:EC 1.7.3.3) and allantoinase (AL:EC 3.5.2.5) in the cotyledons were examined. The activity of XO was not detected, but the accumulation of xanthine by allopurinol treatment presented an indirect evidence of the existence of XO in the organ. Allopurinol kept UO activity high up to day 2 after sowing and depressed AL activity throughout the experiment. By allopurinol treatment, allantoin content was kept high over the control both in cotyledons and roots, but it was kept low in hypocotyls. The level of allantoic acid in the 3 organs were shown to be depressed by allopurinol. These results suggest that allantoin and allantoic acid produced by the degradation of stored and newly synthesized RNA are transported from the storage tissue to hypocotyls and roots as important nitrogen sources for the development of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

"잘려나간" 굴뚝과 남성 작가의 좌절: 멜빌의 단편소설 연구

박연옥 ( Yun Ok Park ) 근대영미소설학회 2002 근대 영미소설 Vol.9 No.2

Among Melville`s magazine stories written between 1853 and 1855, many deal with figures for the "failed" male artist placed in a variety of domestic, social, and commercial settings. In this paper, I discuss his three later stories, "Jimmy Rose," "The Apple-Tree Table," and "I and My Chimney," in which the old-fashioned male householders and the female family members with more modern spirit in everything compete for the authority in the house. I argue that this lond of gender conflict between the male and the female m the domestic setting can be read as a projection of Melville`s conflict with the "feminized" literary marketplace at the time Therefore, mainly focusing on the last short story, I am trying to figure out Melville`s perspective on the marketplace and domestic relationship of the male protagonist and on the consequence for himself to his vision. "I and My Chimney" features, in the narrator`s relation to its central symbol, one of the author`s richest images for the need to defend masculine genius against the assaults of a feminizing world The "beheaded" chimney, which the narrator calls his "backbone," functions as a kind of phallic monument to Melville`s own literary career, damaged but not destroyed, and with its foundations still in place.

에이햅과 자본주의 문학시장

박연옥 ( Yun Ok Park ) 근대영미소설학회 2000 근대 영미소설 Vol.7 No.1

As numerous critics have argued, in Moby-Dick Melville presents, in addition to the narrator Ishmael, various other artist figures who represent meditations on the issues of authorship of concern in his essay "Hawthorne and His Mosses." Among them, in particular, Ahab embodies a version of Melville`s view of the male author, deep-diving masculine genius. When he insists on killing Moby Dick purely as a concrete personification of "all the subtle demonisms of life and thought," regardless of its commercial value, Ahab as an artist champions "meaning instead of money and pits himself against Starbuck, a practical commercialist who sees Moby Dick as a "dumb brute" and insists that whaling is a marketplace enterprise. In this paper I argue that Ahab is rendered as an author figure who is at once self-destructive and heroic; that Ahab`s masculine values are privileged over his feminine ones; and that this is proved through some textual evidence that shows not only Ahab`s gendered and hierarchical language but also Melville`s own which supports Ahab`s view. Melville`s use of gendered language and his defence of the Ahab`s masculine genius is a challenge to the current commercial literary marketplace in the l850s when Melville`s major novels including Moby-Dick were published, especially a challenge to the "feminized" literary marketplace. I also suggest that, in his characterization of Ahab, Melville does not treat masculine and feminine qualities as cultural products but rather as essentialized tendencies that exist in opposition within self; and those that Melville privileges as superior and masculine-the imagination and the intellect-seem to be the core of what he sees as the faculty of genius, which at some level he equates with "immaculate manliness" and sees as a kind of "gift" of the divine.

척추와 대동맥주위 림프절로 전이한 거대 갈색세포종

박연원 ( Yeon Won Park ),문한주 ( Han Ju Moon ),한정석 ( Jung Suk Han ),한지민 ( Ji Min Han ),박종욱 ( Jong Wook Park ),구윤희 ( Yun Hyi Ku ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2017 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.34 No.2

Approximately 10-15% of pheochromocytomas are malignant. There are insufficient histologic criteria for the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma. Thus, the term malignant pheochromocytoma is restricted to tumors with local invasion or distant metastases. We experienced a case of malignant pheochromocytoma recurred with spinal metastasis 4 years after the surgery for huge benign pheochromocytoma. A 68-year-old female was admitted for trunk and back pain. The patient had a history of surgery 4 years ago for a 10.0× 9.5×7.5 cm sized benign pheochromocytoma at the left adrenal gland. A thoracolumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the 7th thoracic vertebral body and a 24-hour urinary norepinephrine increased, suggesting metastatic recurrence of malignant pheochromocytoma. After metastasectomy in the 7th thoracic vertebral body, urine catecholamine was normalized and pain also disappeared. However, a metastatic lesion was found in the paraaortic area on a follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan and an additional metastasectomy was performed. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic pheochromocytoma in the paraaortic lymph nodes. She is supposed to be treated with adjuvant iodine 131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy. In our experience, a close follow-up should be considered in patients who had a huge benign pheochromocytoma due to the possibility of malignant metastases.

Cisplatin과 Carboplatin에 대한 과민반응의 임상양상

박연진 ( Park Yeon Jin ),문을주 ( Mun Eul Ju ),정희환 ( Jeong Hui Hwan ),노주원 ( No Ju Won ),박상윤 ( Park Sang Yun ),박영석 ( Park Yeong Seog ) 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.5

목적 : Cisplatin, carboplatin 등의 platinum 화합물에 대한 과민반응의 임상양상을 밝혀 진단과치료에 도움이 되고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 2001년 6월부터 2002년 11월까지 국립암센터 자궁암 센터에 입원하여 항암화학요법을 받은 환자들 중에서 platinum 화합물이 포함된 요법으로 치료받은 환자들을 대상으로 병력이 확실한 환자 102명의 의무기록을 분석하였다. 과민반응은 그 시작 시점에 따라 급성반응과 지연성반응으로, 그 반응의 발현 강도 정도에 따라 경증반응과 중증반응으로 구분하였다. 결과 : 102명의 환자 중 20명 (20%)에서 과민반응이 발생하였다. 과민반응은 투여 주기 4회 째부터 나타나기 시작하여 7, 8, 9회에 집중되며 7회가 가장 많았다. 그러나 10회 이후에 최초로 과민반응이 나타난 환자는 없었다. 급성반응이 14명, 지연성반응이 6명에서 있었으며 경증반응이 10명, 중증반응이 10명에서 발생하였다. 급성반응은 투여 시작 수 분 후에서 30분 사이에 발생하였으며 지연성 반응은 주로 퇴원 후에 발생하였는데 길게는 2-3일 후에 발생하였다. 급성 반응을 보인 14명 중 10명을 중증으로 분류되었고 4명은 경증으로 분류되었으며 지연성 반응은 모두 경증반응이었다. 항히스타민제와 부신피질 호르몬제의 투여로 증상이 소실되면 다시 느린 속도로 주입하여 투약을 완료하였다. 중증반응이 나타난 10명 중 1명에서 호흡정지와 이에 따른 심 정지가 발생하였으며 심폐소생술과 기관지 확장제 투여로 회복되었다. 결론 : 부인암에서 platinum 화합물이 1차 항암제로서 뿐만 아니라, 2차 항암제, 선행화학요법, 동시화학방사선 요법등으로 사용이 확대됨에 따라 총 투여 횟수가 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 6회 이상 치료주기에서 과민반응을 경험할 가능성이 크므로 임상양상 적절한 치료, 향후 치료 계획 등을 숙지하는 것이 중요하다. Objective : To characterize the clinical features of platinum compounds (cisplatin plus carboplatin) associated hypersensitivity reactions. Methods : Medical records of 102 patients with gynecologic malignancy who received chemotherapy based on platinum at Center for Uterine Cancer from Jun. 2001 to Nov. 2002 were analyzed. Platinum hypersensitivity reaction was classified as acute and delayed reaction according to the time of onset, also mild and severe reaction according to the severity of symptoms and signs. Results : Among the 102 patients treated with platinum compounds during this period, 20 (20%) developed hypersensitivity reaction. The median number of platinum courses for the first episode was 7 (range 4-9) and it concentrated at 7, 8, 9th cycles. Fourteen patients developed acute reaction and six patients experienced delayed reaction. Ten patients experienced severe symptoms including dyspnea. Acute reaction developed from a few minutes to 30 minutes after the initiation of the platinum infusion. Delayed reaction developed after discharge of patients with mild intensity. Conclusion : Platinum hypersensitivity reactions develop in patients who have been extensively pretreated with these agents. As platinum compounds are increasingly used as neoadjuvant, initial, second-line chemotherapy of ovarian cancer and concurrent chemoradiation, palliative setting of cervical cancer, it can be anticipated that hypersensitivity reactions to these drugs will happen more frequently, at the same time it might be a important issue for clinicians engaged in chemotherapy.

Machine Learning을 이용한 무기 체계(or 구성품) 고장 유형 식별

박연경(Yun-Kyung Park),이혜원(Hye-Won Lee),김상문(Sang-Moon Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8

무기 체계(or 구성품) 개발은 한정된 개발기간과비용 등의 제한으로 시험 횟수가 많지 않아, 고장관련 축적된 데이터의 규모도 적다. 그러나 운용 중 발생한 고장 및 정비내역은 많은 부분 전산 데이터로 관리하고 있기 때문에 이를 활용한 무기 체계(or 구성품)의 고장원인 분석은 가능하다. 다만 다양한 무기체계의 고장 및 정비내역 작성 규격이 각 군 별, 업체별 상이하고, 고장 원인의 구체적 내역은 비정형 텍스트 데이터로 기술되어 있기때문에 이를 분석하는데 어려움이 있었다. 그러나 오늘날 빅데이터 처리 기술과 기계학습(Machine Learning) 알고리즘의 발전, HW연산 능력의 개선과 맞물려, 상기와 같은 비정형 데이터를 처리 할 수 있는 여러 가지 방법들이 시도 되고 있으며, 주요한 연구 분야로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국방 무기 체계(or 구성품)의 고장/정비 관련 비정형 데이터를 기계학습 기법 중 하나인 doc2vec을 적용하여 고장사례 분석 방안에 대하여 제시한다. The development of weapon systems (or components) is hindered by the number of tests due to the limited development period and cost, which reduces the scale of accumulated data related to failures. Nevertheless, because a large amount of failure data and maintenance details during the operational period are managed by computerized data, the cause of failure of weapon systems (or components) can be analyzed using the data. On the other hand, analyzing the failure and maintenance details of various weapon systems is difficult because of the variation among groups and companies, and details of the cause of failure are described as unstructured text data. Fortunately, the recent developments of big data processing technology, machine learning algorithm, and improved HW computation ability have supported major research into various methods for processing the above unstructured data. In this paper, unstructured data related to the failure / maintenance of defense weapon systems (or components) is presented by applying doc2vec, a machine learning technique, to analyze the failure cases.