범죄피해자 진술권의 성격 및 내용에 관한 연구

류병관(RYU, Byung-Kwan) 한국형사정책학회 2008 刑事政策 Vol.20 No.2

Until recent times, the crime victims have been considered as objects of the victim study in the main field of criminal law or penal law. From 2000year, in Korea, the study on the crime victims has started to pay attention on the problem related with legal position and their rights in the criminal procedure, going beyond the economic and social consideration for the crime victims. So, the crime victims begin to emerge as subjects in the main field of criminal law. Especially, the crime victims’ right for the statement is one of the most crucial factors for their participation in the criminal procedure. The crime victims could appeal to the criminal court about their whole physical and mental damage caused by the crime. Furthermore, the crime victims’ right for the statement includes even the right for providing their opinion to the court in sentencing the punishment of the criminal offenders. However, though Korea’s constitution law guarantees widely the crime victims’ right for the statement, Korea’s criminal procedure law limits this right. Therefore, this criminal procedure needs to be reformed like Japan’s and Unites States’ ones. In conclusion, the crime victims’ right for the statement is the most essential right for preventing the victims’ second damage as well as for rehabilitating the criminal offender. This system of the right is more meaningful in providing the motive to make the citizens have the trust in the criminal law system.

데이트폭력에 있어 피해자 보호방안

류병관 ( Byung Kwan Ryu ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2014 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.3

최근 우리사회에서는 데이트폭력과 관련한 2차 피해사례가 심각하게 나타나고 있다. 특히, 이러한 데이트폭력·가정폭력·학교폭력 등 경미한 범죄라 취급하여 별다른 대책을 강구하지 않은 유형의 범죄들이 살인, 자살, 강간, 상해 등 심각한 범죄로 확대 재생산되고 있는 현실을 감안한다면 보다 효과적으로 이러한 범죄를 예방하고 피해자를 보호하기 위한 대책을 마련해야 해야 할 것이다. 가정폭력범죄가 가족구성원간에서 발생한다는 문제로 국가권력의 개입이 쉽지 않고, 다른 범죄에 비하여 피해자 보호가 제대로 되지 않으며, 범행이 지속적이며 반복적으로 행해지고 있다는 특징을 가지고 있다는 점에서 데이트폭력범죄와 유사한 점이 많다. 특히, 데이트폭력과 가정폭력이 친밀한 관계에서 믿음과 신뢰가 바탕이 되기 때문에 폭력적 행위에 대한 배신감은 낮선 사람에 대한 폭력보다 크고, 가깝고 친밀한 관계에서 발생하며, 한 명의 동일한 대상으로부터 반복적이고 지속적으로 폭력 당한다는 점에서 상당히 유사하다. 즉, 데이트폭력은 가정폭력의 기본적인 속성과 특성이 피해자와 가해자의 결혼 여부의 차이만 있을 뿐 동일하게 적용될 수 있다는 측면에서 가정폭력방지법상 보호명령제도의 도입의 필요성이 강조되는 것이다. 따라서 미국의 데이트폭력 피해자보호제도와 같이 데이트폭력 피해자에게도 가정폭력범죄처벌특별법상의 보호명령제도를 도입할 필요성이 제기된다. 특히 이러한 보호명령(처분)이 실체적 진실발견이라는 수사의 한 단계로서 취해지는 것이 아니라 피해자와 밀접한 관계가 있는 가해자로부터 피해자를 보호하기 위한 조치로서 이루어지고 있다는 점에서 데이트폭력 피해자 2차 피해방지를 위한 수단으로서 필요성이 강조된다. 또한 데이트폭력의 사전예방책으로서 현재 입법논의중인 스토킹금지법의 제정도 필요하다고 보여진다. 데이트폭력을 포함하여 최근 증가하고 있는 면식범에 의한 성폭행범죄에 효과적으로 대처하기 위하여 강간의 개념을 세분화하여 성립요건을 차별화하고 비동의간음죄를 신설할 필요가 있다. 결론적으로, 우리사회에서 데이트폭력을 예방하고 2차 피해를 방지하기 위해서는 입법, 사법, 행정을 포함한 모든 국가기관 및 사회단체가 데이트폭력의 심각성을 인식하고 데이트폭력근절을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. Dating violence comprises controlling, abusive, and aggressive behavior in a romantic relationship. It encompasses physical, psychological, sexual, or emotional abuse. Dating violence is a problem too large to be continually ignored in the S. Korea. People are involved in dating relationships and those in abusive relationships deserve, but sometimes do not receive, protection because of legislation that limits access in our country. Some of the problems facing those in dating relationships who seek to obtain orders of protection are access to the court system. The protection order protects a plaintiff-petitioner from ongoing harassment and can grant a stay-away order from a person``s school, work, or residence. In contrast, an order of protection that is derived from domestic abuse statutes retains the same aspects of a civil order, but provides more protections because of the nature of the relationship between the parties. Orders of protection help combat dating violence by ensuring a period of separation between the victim and the abuser. The prevalence of dating violence is similar to that of spousal abuse and the effects on the nonmarried victims are just as severe. So, the Government must make efforts as a country to prevent dating violence, protect victims from the reoccurrence of actual violence, and ensure a separation of the parties for a reasonable time period.

미국 형사절차상 동성애 피해자 보호에 관한 논의

류병관 ( Byung Kwan Ryu ) 한국비교형사법학회 2016 비교형사법연구 Vol.18 No.1

우리나라는 2000년 이후 범죄피해자의 권리보호에 관심을 가지지 시작하여 활발한 연구가 시작되었고, 2004년 범죄피해자보호법이 제정된 이후 범죄피해자의 2차 피해자방지를 위해 다양한 제도가 도입되고 있다. 그러나 새롭게 등장하는 피해자 유형의 2차피해자화 방지에 대해서는 아직 논의가 부족해 보인다.그 대표적인 사례가 형사절차상 ‘동성애피해자’의 피해자화 방지에 관한 문제이다. 만약 이러한 피해자들의 평범하지 않은 성적 정체성 및 성적지향을 보여주는 증거에 기초하여 판사, 배심원들이 결정을 내린다면 공정한 재판이 될 수 있을까? 분명한 것은 동성애자에 대해가지고 있는 편견, 선입견, 혐오감정에 영향을 받아 어떤 결정을 내린다면 그러한 형사재판은 공정한 재판이라고 말할수 없을 것이다. 또한 이러한 차별은 형사절차에서 피해자의 2차 피해로 이어진다는데 문제가 있다. 아직 우리나라에서는 동성애 피해자보호와 관련된 논의가 없다. 미국에서는 이미 20년전부터 게이공항변호(Gay panic defense: GPD), 트랜스공항변호(Trans Panic Defense: TPD)와 관련되어 많은 논의가 있어왔다. 마침내 2013년 미국변호사협회(ABA)는 정부에 GPD, TPD를 금지하는 법률을 제정을 요청하는 결의안을 통과시켰다. 이후 캘리포니아주는 미국내 최초로 GPD, TPD를 금지하는 법률을 제정하기에 이르렀다. 따라서 본 논문은 동성애자 피해자가 형사절차과정에서 노출될 수 있는 2피해자화 문제에 관한 문제에 대하여, 동성애피해자보호법(Gay Shield Law)제안에 관한 최근의 미국의 논의과정을 살펴봄으로써, 향후 우리나라 동성애피해자 보호에 관한 관심과 논의의 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. Our country has started the research of protecting the rights of victims of crime since 2000, and after the Crime Victims Protection Act was enacted in 2004, has introduced various schemes to prevent secondary victims of crime victims. But it seems not enough discussion yet about the second victim and the victim’s screen to prevent new and emerging types. A prime example of this issue is about preventing the victimization of ‘homosexual victims’ in the criminal procedure. If the jury judge these victims on the basis of the evidence of the unusual sexual identity and sexual orientation, the jury’s decision could be a fair trial? Clearly, if it is influenced by the prejudices they have about the lesbian and the gay, it cannot be a fair trial. Such discrimination has also a problem in that it can lead to the secondary damage of victims in criminal procedure. In our country, there is still not a debate concerning the protection of the homosexual victims. There has been already a lot of discussion about Gay panic defense 20 years before in the United States. Finally, in 2013, the American Bar Association(ABA) passed a resolution requesting the legislation to ban the GPD, TPD. California is the first state to enact the laws prohibiting the GPD and the TPD in the United States. Therefore, in this paper, I propose a homosexual victim protection law (Gay Shield Law) to prevent the secondary damage of homosexual victims in criminal procedure. Our criminal justice system should ensure that people receive a ruling only on the basis of the evidence of guilt, not based on the personal taste causing the anger.

학교폭력의 개념으로서 교사폭행에 관한 고찰 -미국과의 비교검토를 중심으로-

류병관 ( Ryu Byung-kwan ) 한국소년정책학회 2013 少年保護硏究 Vol.21 No.-

Recently, school violence in our society tends to be criminalized or organized going beyond the simple deviation acts among students, and it appears as serious social problem as the violence has become common not only among male but also among female students. The damage from school violence specially undergoes second victimization expanded into mental illness accompanying melancholy and nervousness beyond the physical wound, and in extreme cases, causes third victimization, the victim student's suicide. Our country has practiced the government-level policy package, becoming aware of the seriousness of school violence with the establishment of the Act of School Violence Prevention and Measures in 2004. Besides, it has implemented various policies for school violence prevention and extermination by announcing "policy package for school violence eradication". However, school violence has increased in quantity, and changed and developed in various forms. Especially, violence cases between the teacher and the student occurring in recent times are serious and its measures are urgent. However, until now, there are almost no supporting policies and legal systems for the protection of teachers as victims of violence. Thus, we have to practice the following policies. First, we have to prepare legal system which can protect both the aggressor and the victim by including the violence between the teacher and the student within the boundary of school violence. Second, the nation has to recompense the physical and the mental damage of the teacher as school violence victim. Third, we need school violence disposition as the prevention of school violence and the necessary measures. Fourth, we need the criminal compromise system In conclusion, we could take effective measures against the violence among students within the school when we give priority on the protection of the teacher from the school violence by establishing special law called education activity protection law.

언론의 범죄보도에 있어 범죄피해자의 프라이버시권보호에 관한 연구

류병관(Ryu, Byung Kwan) 한국피해자학회 2010 被害者學硏究 Vol.18 No.1

The victim's privacy is the site where opposing interests collide against each other. Like the freedom of the press and the speech, each individual right to the privacy is already implied in the Constitution. The Consitutional right on the privacy is, however, limited to concepts such as the privacy in the person's residence and the woman's right to the abortion, but is not applied to keeping an individual's name private. Nonetheless, the victim scenario creates a serious privacy argument because of the horrific nature of the crime, the victim's permanent physical and mental injuries, and defense attorneys' frequent tactics to expose the promiscuity of the victim in a process to gain her involuntary consent to the crime. If the victim's name is released to the public, she comes to face embarrassment, anguish, and scrutiny by her peers. The media wants to publish the information, but the victim insists that it remain private. When the government or the court mistakenly releases this confidential information to the media, three firmly-rooted Constitutional interests oppose against each other. The media's First Amendment rights clash with the victim's privacy interest and the intention to protect victims. Thus, a court must determine which right prevails over others, based upon the confidential information that the media attempts to publish.

당사자주의 소송구조에 있어 범죄피해자의 권리

류병관(Ryu, Byung Kwan) 한국피해자학회 2011 被害者學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

Our country(South Korea)'s victimology has recently showed many outcomes, starting with the introduction of 2004 Crime Victims Act. It established the Criminal Victims-related Regulation in 2007, June, 01 through the revision of Criminal Procedure Law, introduced the Criminal Meditation in 2010, May, 14 through the revision of Criminal Victims Protection Law, and finally, from the late times of 2010, has considered the introduction of Victim Participation System under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice. However, the introduction of Criminal Victims' Participation in the procedure of a public trial can cause a conflict with the defendant's traditional rights protected by the Constitution or the Criminal Procedure Law, in the changing process of the Criminal Procedure Law that strengthens the Adversary System. Moreover, this conflict can be developed into the limiting factor of the extension of Victims' rights, concerning the question whether it can acknowledge victims as the procedure party and offer the proper rights to them. United States who has kept the adversary system throughly, has protected substantially the Victim's Right Regulations which have been suspected of their effectiveness, with the Federal Legislation, through the establishment of 2004 Crime Victims' Right act. This also has protected completely the victim's participation in the criminal procedure. At present, U. S, however, undergoes the confusion in the real enforcement of the law, in the interactions between the court, the prosecutor, and the defendant's rights, and the victim's rights after the enforcement of CVRA. This study investigates the debates aroused in the recent U. S after the 2004 enforcement of CVRA, surrounding the conflict of rights among the procedure subjects, which the criminal victim's participation in the Criminal Procedure in the Adversary System, can bring about.

비교법미국 강간죄에 있어 “저항”과 “동의”에 관한 연구

류병관 ( Byung Kwan Ryu ) 한국비교형사법학회 2007 비교형사법연구 Vol.9 No.2

형사절차상 성폭력 피해자의 2차 피해자화 방지 대책

류병관 ( Byung Kwan Ryu ) 한국법정책학회 2006 법과 정책연구 Vol.6 No.1

형사절차상 범죄피해자권리의 헌법적 보장에 관한 연구

류병관(Ryu, Byung-Kwan) 한국피해자학회 2006 被害者學硏究 Vol.14 No.1

Until now, the question of crime victims has been researched as an object of the victim study, mainly in the field of criminal law or penal law. Our country’s criminal law, from 1990s, has changed its focus from the criminals the crime victims. Especially, with the constitution of the study association for crime victims, the question of crime victims has begun to be observed in a new light, in the entire field of criminal law. In 2000 year, the study on the crime victims has started to pay attention to the problem related with legal position and its rights in the criminal process, going beyond the economic and social consideration for crime victims. However, this protection law for crime victims, despite its declaration for the human rights for crime victims, is being interpreted as being founded on the constitution law §30, and its content is only filled with the formal regulations. Therefore, this present law has lost its essential intended meaning as the first unified law. Therefore, in this study, I intend to suggest a guide for the felicitous development about our country’s crime victims legal practice, by clarifying the legal basis for the rights of crime victims in the criminal legal process and thinking on the justified foundation to its related law. However, since there is few preliminary research which is done by our country’s scholars, I try to analyze the Unites States’ situation where a competitive discussion surrounding this question, has been debated during the past 20 years, in order to observe our situation comparatively.

일본의 인터넷상 청소년 인권보호법에 관한 고찰 -“이성소개사업을 이용하여 아동을 유인하는 행위의 규제 등에 관한 법률”을 중심으로-

류병관 ( Ryu Byung Kwan ) 한국소년정책학회 2008 少年保護硏究 Vol.- No.11

In recent times, internet's rapid development and distribution provided us with much convenience. Thus, internet has become an indispensable element in our social life. However, as with internet various illegal and dangerous incidents take place, this damage is pointed out as causing many problematic behaviors among the especially sensitive Juvenile. Specially, because of the internet's anonymity('no-name') and easy accessibility, as it is used widely as the main method of handling the Juvenile sex trade, the internet reality emerges as the serious social problem. Japan, insisting on the basic rule we need to keep in the information society, considers our awakening and enlightenment as the important projects in the internet times. The information ethic education, thus, is being practiced in each education institution of Japan. However, despite this practice of education for the internet ethic, it is Japan's reality that there are still prevalent harmful informations on the internet for the Juvenile. In case of Japan, as we see the rapid increase of crimes using the site of meeting the opposite sex, new methods and forms of crimes appear with the change of times. For the realization of safe society from the harmful environment, the appropriate prevention programs and the proper legislation are required. Recently, when our country sees new crimes similar to Japan's ones, the special legislations to protect the Juvenile personal rights are also requested in our country.