거짓내사시의 경력이 있는 사시 환자의 임상 양상

노인호,최미영,In Ho Roh,Mi Young Choi 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.9

Purpose: The epicanthal fold in Korean children is a common cause of pseudoesotropia. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics of strabismus in children diagnosed with pseudoesotropia. Methods: We reviewed the charts of children diagnosed with strabismus from February 2004 to January 2005. Strabismic children with a history of pseudoesotropia were included in this study. We recorded the age and chief complaints at the time of pseudoesotropia diagnosis as well as the type of strabismus, the visual acuity, chief complaints, and refractive error at the time of strabismus diagnosis. Results: One hundred and two of 734 children with strabismus (13.9%) had a history of pseudoesotropia. The mean age at the time of pseudoesotropia diagnosis was 2.9 years. The mean age at the time of strabismus diagnosis was 4.4 years. The type of strabismus was exotropia in 58 (56.9%) and esotropia in 39 (38.2%) cases. Refractive accommodative esotropia was seen in 89.7% of esotropia cases and the basic type was seen in 86.2% of exotropia cases. The concurrence rate between chief complaints of pseudoesotropia and the type of strabismus diagnosed was lower in exotropia than in esotropia. There was hyperopia in all the esotropia cases, and the distribution of refractive error was variable in exotropia. The frequency of amblyopia was 19.6%. Conclusions: The incidence of strabismus is high in the case of children diagnosed with pseodoesotropia. Therefore, regular examinations for strabismus, refractive error and amblyopia may be necessary.

하사근기능항진 정도에 따른 하사근절제술의 효과

노인호,최미영,In Ho Roh,M,D,Mi Young Choi,M,D 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.3

Purpose: This study assesses the surgical results of inferior oblique myectomy on the degree of overaction in patients with overaction greater than +2 of the inferior oblique muscle. Methods: Seventy eyes of 54 patients underwent an inferior oblique myectomy and at least 6 months of follow-up. Patients with contracture of the superior rectus muscle or dissociated vertical deviation were excluded. The chief complaints, preoperative and postoperative degrees of overaction of the inferior oblique muscle, the angle of hypertropia, and head tilt were analyzed. Results: Deviation of the eyeball (38.9%) and head tilt (25.9%) were the most common complaints. Overall, the success rate was 91.4%, and the likelihood of success decreased with increasing severity of overaction of the inferior oblique muscle. The angle of hypertropia reduced from 11.9 (Prism diopters, PD) preoperatively to 2.2PD postoperatively (p=0.000). Preoperative head tilting was seen in 20 patients (37%) and all saw postoperative improvement. Conclusions: Inferior oblique myectomy is effective in treating the overaction of the inferior oblique muscle without contracture of the superior rectus muscle or dissociated vertical deviation, especially in patients with greater than +2 overaction of the inferior oblique muscle.

섬유주절제술 후 여과포형성에 실패한 환자에서 마이토마이신씨를 이용한 주사침복원술의 효과

노인호,형성민,In Ho Roh,Sung Min Hyung 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.7

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of needle revision (NR) with and without mitomycin C (MMC) for failed filtering blebs after trabeculectomy, and to identify risk factors for failure. Methods: Thirty-one eyes whose intraocular pressure (IOP) did not decrease after cutting of scleral flap sutures were recruited. NR was performed with a 26-gauge needle under a slit-lamp. Immediately following NR, 15 eyes received subconjunctival injection of 0.002 mg (0.02 mg/ml) MMC at the adjacent conjunctiva. Results: First NR was done at 1.3±1.2 months (range, 0.2~6.5 months) after trabeculectomy, and a mean of 1.6±1.6 NRs per patient were done. The follow-up period was 24.4±20.4 months (range, 6.0~87.4 months) after the last NR. Pre-NR mean IOP was 27.9±11.6 mm Hg and post-NR final IOP was 18.8±13.0 mm Hg (p=0.005). The success rate, defined as IOP ≤18 mm Hg with or without medication, was 80.3% (25 eyes of 31 eyes). The success rate was higher in the group receiving NR with adjunctive MMC (100%) than in the group receiving NR without MMC (62.5%) (p=0.018). Patients who underwent trabeculectomy without adjunctive MMC and those who had pre-NR IOP >25 mm Hg showed a higher failure rate, though with no statistical significance (p=0.141 and p=0.173, respectively). Conclusions: NR followed by subconjunctival injection of MMC is an effective and safe method for the treatment of the failed filtering blebs after trabeculectomy. Trabeculectomy without adjunctive MMC and pre-NR IOP higher than 25 mmHg were risk factors for failure of NR.

자율 비행 무인 헬리콥터를 위한 코바 기반의 계층화된 제어 및 모니터링 구조

노인호(In-ho Roh),오주용(Joo-Yong Oh),강순주(Soon-Ju Kang) 한국정보과학회 2003 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.1B

본 논문에서는 자율 비행 무인 헬리콥터를 위한 코바 기반의 계층화 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 소프트웨어 구조에서는 데이터의 추상화 및 기능에 따라 하드웨어 계층, 실행 계층, 논리적 추상화 계층 및 서비스 에이전트 계층으로 구성하고 각 계층의 역할을 정의한다. 또한, 코바를 이용하여 상위의 추상화된 계층을 객체화시킴으로써, 소프트웨어의 재사용성과 유연성을 높일수 있는 구조에 대해서 서술한다.

사시각이 큰 부분조절내사시에서의 수술 결과

서정훈,노인호,최미영,Jeong Hun Seo,In Ho Roh,Mi Young Choi 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.7

Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcome of patients with partially accommodative esotropia with a large angle of deviation. Methods: Twenty-one patients with partially accommodative esotropia that had angles of deviation of at least 40 prism diopters without correction, were retrospectively studied. They underwent standard surgery, for which the amount of recession was based on the average of the distance and near deviation with correction. The angle of deviation were evaluated at postoperative 3 months and at the last follow-up, and the Titmus test and Worth 4-dot test were performed after surgery. Results: The mean angle of deviation without correction at the first examination was 57.0PD, and the mean age of correction with glasses was 2.6 years. The mean angle of deviation with correction was 31.4PD. The mean age at surgery was 4.4 years. The mean follow-up period was 5.4 years. At 3 months postoperatively, 66.7%, 28.6%, and 4.8% of patients showed acceptable correction, undercorrection, and overcorrection, respectively. At the last visit, undercorrection decreased while overcorrection increased (66.7%, 23.8%, 9.5%). Titmus stereotest showed in positive results with more than 800 seconds of arc in 9 of 16 patients. A Worth 4-dot test resulted in a fusion response at far or at near in 4 of 17 patients. Conclusions: In partially accommodative esotropia with a large angle of deviation (at least 40PD without correction), the results of conventional surgery were relatively fair, while the prognosis of sensory function was poor.

백내장 수술 시 삽입된 친수성 아크릴 인공수정체의 혼탁 2예

홍지원(Ji Won Hong),노인호(In Ho Roh),배선량(Sun Ryang Bae) 대한검안학회 2007 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.6 No.1

목적: 친수성 아크릴 인공수정체인 570H (RaynerⓇ, England) 삽입 후 혼탁이 발생한 환자에서 인공수정체 교환술을 시행하고 혼탁을 일으킨 침착물질을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 백내장 초음파유화술 후 친수성 아크릴 인공수정체인 570H (RaynerⓇ, England)를 삽입한 환자 2명에서 인공수정체 혼탁으로 인한 시력저하가 발생하여, 인공수정체교환술을 시행하였다. 제거된 인공수정체를 Alizarin red 염색, 주사현미경, X-ray 분광분석기로 분석하여 침착물질을 규명하였다. 결과: 제거된 인공수정체의 광학현미경 검사상 인공수정체 광학부에 다수의 과립상의 침착물이 관찰되었으며, Alizarin red 염색상 양성소견을 보였다. 주사현미경 검사상 다수의 과립상의 침착물이 광학부 표면에서 관찰되었으나, X선 분광분석검사상 칼슘은 관찰되지 않았고, 산소의 비중이 높게 관찰되었다. 결론: 인공수정체 제거 후 시행한 조직화학적 및 X선 분광분석상 칼슘 침착물이 관찰지 않고 산소의 비중이 높게 관찰되었다. 570H (RaynerⓇ, England) 인공수정체에서 혼탁이 발생한 경우는 국내외에서 아직까지 보고된 적이 없으며, 추후 장기적인 추적관찰이 필요하리라 생각한다. Purpose: To report the first case of opacification of hydrophilic acrylic IOL 570H (RaynerⓇ, England). Methods: Two hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (RaynerⓇ, England) were explanted from two patients who had developed decreased visual acuity after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Two IOLs were examined by gross and light microscopy, Alizarin red stain, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: The two explanted IOLs showed identical characteristics of opacification. Visual examination detected opacification on the optic center but haptic was not opacified. The Alizarin red stain showed that the stains located under the surface (anterior side) of the IOL. Scanning electron microscopy showed particles under the surface. As a result of observing carbon, oxygen, and silicone using EDS spectrum analysis for both opacified and normal IOLs, the amount of oxygen in the opacified IOLs was much higher. Conclusions: The observation of no calcium during the EDS spectrum analysis compounded with a higher oxygen strongly indicates oxidation of some sort. Therefore, additional research is required in order to identify the cause of opacification of the hydrophilic acrylated IOL 570H.

피부에 전이된 전립선암

서석배 ( Suk Bae Suh ),노인호 ( In Ho Roh ),김광중 ( Kwang Joong Kim ),이종주 ( Chong Ju Lee ) 대한피부과학회 1996 대한피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Cutaneous metastasis from internal malignacy is recognized but infrequently occuring manifestation. The prostatic carcinoma rarely acts as a primary source for cutaneous metastasis. We report a case of cutaneous metstasis from prostatic carcinoma. A 82-year-old male presents multiple painless erythematous nodules on suprapubic area, having an episode of surgical removal of prostate carcinoma two years ago. Histologic finding shows atypical anaplastic cell infiltration at the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, forming dermal tumor island, and have features similar to primary prostatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for prostate specific antigen shows positive reaction within cells, can assist in localization of the metatatic adenocarcinoma to a prostate origin. (Kor J Dermatol 1996;34(2): 317-321)

전신화상 후 발생된 내인성 안내염

홍지원(Ji Won Hong),노인호(In Ho Roh),배선량(Sun Ryang Bae) 대한검안학회 2007 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.6 No.1

목적: 내인성 안내염은 전신 감염 시 미생물이 혈행성으로 혈액 망막장벽을 넘어 안조직에 도달하여 발생하는 염증질환으로 전체 안내염의 2∼15%를 차지하는 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 전신화상 후 여러 종류의 균주에 의해 발생안 내인성 안내염 환자를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 건강하던 47세 여자 환자가 열탕에 의해 전신에 30%의 3도화상으로 화상전문병원에서 부분식피술로 치료받던 중, 시력저하로 타병원 안과에서 포도막염 진단하에 스테로이드 치료를 시작하였으나 증세호전이 없어 본원으로 전원되었고, 백내장과 유리체혼탁을 치료하기 위해 초음파유화 술, 인공수정체 삽입술 및 유리체절제술을 시행하였다. 결과: 유리체 혼탁에 대해 배양검사를 한 결과 우안에서는 Candida tropicalis, 좌안에서는 Candida tropicalis와 함께 Pseudomonas putida와 Enterobacter cloacea가 검출되어 amphotericin B를 유리체강 내로 주사하였으며, 전신적인 fluconazole과 imipenem을 사용하여 치료하였으나, 최종 시력은 양안 모두에서 무광각으로 예후가 좋지 않았다. Purpose: To report a case of endophthalmitis with multiple organisms developed in a patient who was recently injured by burn. Methods: A 47-year-old woman visited with complaints of decreased binocular visual acuity 12 weeks after third degree burn injury to 30% of body surface. In other hospital, she was diagnosed as uveitis and treated with steroid. After 8 weeks later, the symptoms were not improved and she was refered to our hospital. Ocular examinations showed complicated cataract and vitreous opacities. Cataract surgery and pars plana vitrectomy were carried out and samples of the vitreous aspirate were sent for microbiological studies. Results: The culture of the vitreous of right eye showed Candida tropicalis and the culture of the vitreous of left eye showed Candida tropicalis, Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter cloacea. She was treated with amphotericin B intravitreously and fluconazole and imipenem B intravenously, but the final visual acuity was no light perception.

코눈물관막힘 환자에서 폴리우레탄 스텐트 삽입술의 장기적 경과

노인호,최미영,차상훈,배일헌 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2005 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: To assess the long-term results of the nasolacrimal polyurethane stent placement in nasolacrimal obstruction. Subject and Methods: Fluoroscopically guided placement of a polyurethane nasolacrimal stent in Song nasolacrimal stent set was performed in nasolacrimal obstruction. Follow-up was at least 6 months. The success was defined that there was no lacrimal symptoms with lacrimal passage to irrigation at the final visit. Additionally, the symptoms of between the initial and the recurred obstruction were compared. Results: Of the 42 cases in 38 patients, stent placement was technically successful in 38 cases of 34 patients. The analysis was performed in 22 cases of 19 patients because 15 patients had to be excluded due to short follow-up duration. At the final examination, the stent placement was successful in 6 of 22 cases. The mean follow-up duration was significantly longer in the failed group than in the succeeded group (13 months: 50 months, p = 0.000). There was pustile discharge in one of 22 case at initial, while there was discharge in all cases at recurred symptoms, especially pustile or bloody in 6 of 16 cases. Conclusion: The long-term results achieved using polyurethane nasolacrimal stent were not encouraging. The careful follow-up and proper management are necessary to prevent complicated dacryocystitis. 연구목적: 코눈물관막힘 환자에서 폴리우레탄 스텐트 삽입술의 장기적 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 코눈물관막힘 환자에서 투시기의 안내 하에 Song 코눈물관 스텐트 세트를 이용하여 폴리우레탄 스텐트를 삽입한 후, 최소한 6개월 이상 관찰한 경우를 대상으로 하였다. 최종 내원 시 증상 및 코눈물관세척의 결과에 따라 성공여부를 결정하였으며, 초진 시와 재발 시의 증상을 비교하였다. 결과: 38명 42예 중 34명 38예에서 폴리우레탄 스텐트의 삽입에 성공하였다. 이 중 관찰기간이 6개월 미만인 경우를 제외하고, 19명 22예에 대하여 분석하였다. 최종 내원 시 성공군은 22예 중 6예이었으며, 성공군에 비하여 실패군의 시술 후 관찰기간이 통계학적으로 유의하게 길었다(13개월: 50개월, p=0.000). 초진 시 고름이 섞인 눈곱이 있었던 경우가 1예이었던 것에 비하여, 재발 시에는 16예 모두에서 눈곱이 있었으며, 이 중 6예에서는 고름이나 피가 섞여 있었다. 결론: 코눈물관막힘 환자에서 폴리우레탄 스텐트 삽입술의 장기적 예후는 부량하였으며, 이차적으로 눈물주머니염이 발생하는 것을 예방하기 위하여 주의 깊은 관찰과 적절한 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

공정성을 보장한 초기 윈도우 크기 조정을 통한 유무선 환경에서의 TCP 성능 개선

노인호,김영용 延世大學校 電波通信共同硏究所 2002 電波通信論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)는 현재 인터넷 웹 서비스와 이메일 서비스 등에서 널리 사용되는 안정적인 프로토콜이다. 이러한 서비스들은 인터넷의 대부분을 차지하는 서비스이므로 TCP가 결국 인터넷의 대부분의 트래픽을 제어하고 있다. 그런데 이러한 서비스들은 대부분 작은 양의 데이터로 이루어져 있다. 다시 말하면 데이터를 전송하는 동안 TCP 연결이 되었을 때 모든 데이터가 다 전송되는 것은 TCP의 슬로우 스타트 기간동안 끝날 확률이 높다. 따라서 TCP는 사용할 수 있는 대역폭을 충분하게 사용하지 못하게 된다. 이러한 사실에 착안하여 우리는 TCP를 조금 수정하는 것을 제안한다. 이것은 데이터 전송량이 적고 RTT(Round Trip Time)가 긴 링크에서 효과가 좋다. 우리의 제안한 방법은 초기의 슬로우 스타트 구간에서 소비되는 시간을 줄이고 다른 사용자들의 트래픽에 성능에 저하를 주지 않으면서 공정하게 대역폭 사용을 최대화해 준다. 이러한 사실은 모의실험을 통하여 확인하였다. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) is the prevalent reliable transport protocol used for the most popular Internet service link web browsing and e-mail. Since these services are the dominant applications on the Internet, TCP contorls the majority of today's Internet traffic. These services usually involve transmission of relatively small amount of data^[1]. In other words, when TCP connections are opened for the data transfer, there exists large probability that the whole transfer is completed while the TCP sender is still in the slow start phase. Therefore, the TCP connection never manages to fully utilize the available bandwidth. Motivated on this fact, we proposes a small change to TCP that may be beneficial to short-lived TCP connections and those over links with large RTT(Round Trip Time)s. Our proposed scheme can save serveral RTTs during the initial slow- start phase and maximize the wireless bandwidth utilization guaranteeing fairness without degradation of other traffics. Simulation shows significantly improved performance in TCP throughput.