수돗물 수질과 공급 안정성에 대한 국민 인식과 시사점

김호정(Hojeong Kim),류재나(Jaena Ryu),김수빈(Soo Bin Kim) 한국환경정책학회 2021 한국환경정책학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

지방자치·분권 강화에 따른 유역 중심의 하수도 관리체계 연구

김호정 ( Hojeong Kim ),( Jaena Ryu ),( Daeho Han ),( Youngkyeong Lee ) 한국환경연구원 2018 수시연구보고서 Vol.2018 No.-

This study proposes the watershed-based sewerage management system on the basis of the political trends such as enforced efforts of local government in the area of institutional and fiscal policy. The Moon Jae-in administration set the decentralization policy as the priority national agenda and emphasizes the fiscal as well as institutional decentralization. Since 1995, the powers regarding to the sewerage management have been transferred from the central government to the Metropolitan Cities and Provinces such as the authorization of the sewerage construction projects. However, the central government still holds the authority of the approval of the cities’ and counties’ Sewerage Maintenance Master Plan (hereafter Mater Plan) and the distribution of relevant grant. Because the economic development is regarded as higher priority than the environmental protection in the local government’s politics, further decentralization of the sewerage-related authority may cause unexpected problems. In most countries, the local government such as city or county has the responsibility of the construction and management of its sewerage system, except for the U.K. where private companies are the sewerage undertakers. In Japan and Korea, the local governments’ sewerage construction projects are directly supported by the national grant system. Both counties specified the ratio of the national subsidy to the total construction cost depending on the sewerage project types. The German federal government does not have the direct financial supporting system for local governments, except the case where it had supported the construction projects of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the eastern German region for the economic reconstruction. During 1990s, both U.K. and United States eliminated or curtailed the federal financial support to the local governments in the sewerage sector under ‘Thatcherism’ and ‘Neo-liberalism’, respectively. However, such radical curtailment of the central government’s subsidy would be impossible in Korea because most local governments have poor financial situation and heavily depend on the central government’s support. The gross sum of the nation-wide sewerage business has expanded from KRW 4.6 trillion in 2000 to 8.9 trillion in 2015 taken inflation into account as of 2015 (the currency traded at KRW 1,173 per USD as of 2015). Though there has been significant increase in the sewerage service fee and sewerage impact fee during that period, those fees comprise just 26% and 30% of the total sewerage budget in 2015, respectively. Almost half of the sewerage budget is still dependent on the national subsidy and local governments’ tax transfer. The central government’s grant to the STP construction projects has decreased during 2011-2018, whereas the grant to the sewer line maintenance projects has been significantly expanded. The Korean Ministry of the Interior and Safety and related institutions insist the “Decentralization First, Complement Later” strategy in order to facilitate the decentralization process. However, “Decentralization with Simultaneous Complement” would be a more desirable strategy in the environmental protection sector from the pollution prevention and anti-pollution perspectives. The central government’s approval authority of city’s or county’s Master Plan could be transferred only to the Metropolitan Cities and Provinces who have the organizational and professional capacity to review the Master Plan within the jurisdiction, rather than being transferred to all Metropolitan Cities and Provinces. The Master Plan at or near the important water intake area such as capital’s Paldang Lake, could be excluded from the transfer and the approval authority could be retained by the central government. After the decentralization, the central government should play pivotal role in the areas of climate change adaptation, infrastructure rehabilitation, environmental justice on sewerage service and sewerage business improvement etc. It is inevitable to reform the central government’s dominant role in the sewerage grant system. While authorizing more discretion and autonomy in the sewerage subsidy projects to the local governments, the central government should focus on the legal and strategic issues such as setting policy target, improving the overall level of sewerage service, assessing & enhancing the performance of the subsidy programs. More specifically, it is necessary to integrate the individual subsidy projects, to define clear priority among the eligible projects, and to embrace the national agenda or local governments’ performance in the determination of subsidy ratio. Because Metropolitan Cities will face with the significant budget requirement for the capital improvement projects of STPs in the near future, it is worth considering the introduction of loan schemes that is similar to a State Revolving Fund Loan Program in United States.

가뭄 단계에 따른 적응형 가뭄관리정책 연구 - 지역 차원의 비구조적 가뭄대책을 중심으로 -

김호정 ( Hojeong Kim ),강형식 ( Hyeongsik Kang ),정아영 ( A Young Jeong ) 한국환경연구원 2016 수시연구보고서 Vol.2016 No.-

Consecutive low rainfall from 2014 to 2015 had lowered the level of Bo-ryeong multi-purpose dam at Chung-nam Province below 20% in the fall of 2015. Eight cities whose municipal water is supplied from the Bo-ryeong dam had to restrict the water supply. Although the Government had prepared the drought since early 2015, it focused mainly on the agricultural drought prior to the coming rainy season. However, the drought were still prolonged after the rainy season, and the response measures on the municipal water drought were far insufficient. The preparedness for the municipal drought was initiated just before the water supply restriction and the countermeasures lacked of systematization and effectiveness. Although the monetary incentive was provided to customers based on the curtailed amount of the domestic water use, its impact on water conservation was temporarily. The restriction of water supply did not consider either the water-use characteristics or the water conservation potential of different cities. Desalination and wastewater reuse are climate-proof or drought-proof water resources. Rainwater harvesting or grey water reuse can be used in drought if they are constructed at sufficient scale. Those alternative water resources require massive capital investment, and the large-sized plant is preferred for ``economies of scale``. While the public support for the investment on the alternative water resources is high during the drought, it rapidly diminishes as the drought is relieved. Therefore, the development of the alternative water resource should pass through the scrutiny on the economic as well as technical feasibility. Demand-side management in Korea heavily depends on the leakage control, while other countries such as United States and Australia, use the policy mix composed of both voluntary and enforced measures. The various water-saving techniques and the behavior change of water users can result in significant effect on water conservation. Central government can promote demand-side management by introducing the incentive policies for water-saving appliances such as laundry machine. Simultaneously, local government can toughen rules on the installation of the water-saving devices and carry out the water conservation pilot project with public institutes. It is noteworthy that the compulsory restriction on domestic water use is generally applied to the wasteful end-uses in drought. Current policies on the drought of the municipal water have many shortcoming in a viewpoint of risk management. Similar policy measures on demand-side management were repeatedly presented at ‘water-supply master plan’ and ‘demand-side management plan’. The drought emergency plan comes into operation in the vicinity of the water-supply restriction and it hardly contributes to the drought preparedness. Both supply-side and demand-side measures should be prepared for different drought stages. For instance, it is necessary to set drought triggers and quantify the effectiveness of the various water conservation measures. In addition, the legal basis of local governor’s drought-related executive order needs to be established in < Water Supply and Waterworks Installation Act >. In conclusion, the risk management and adaptive policy should be encouraged for the drought. Drought risk can be prevented or managed by the monitoring and early-warning system. Drought mitigation measures including demand-side management should be prepared based on current best knowledge. At the same time, the implementation process of such measures should be flexible.

수소첨가 LPG기관의 성능 및 배출가스 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김호정(Hojeong Kim),김기종(Kijong Kim),이성욱(Seangwook Lee),조용석(Yongseok Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

Recent research has focused on alternative fuel to improve engine performance and to comply with emission regulation. Finding an alternative fuel and reducing environment pollution are the main goals for future internal combustion engines. The purpose of this study is to obtain low-emission and high-efficiency by hydrogen enriched LPG fuel in LPG engine and is to clarify the effects of hydrogen enrichment in LPG fuelled engine on exhaust emission and performance. An experimental study was carried out to obtain fundamental data for performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen enrichment in LPG engine. The experiment was conducted at 2000rpm, bmep 2bar, 4bar conditions while changing 0, 5, 10, 20% hydrogen substitutions. The results mentioned that the combustion duration was shortened due to rapid flame propagation velocity of hydrogen. These phenomena were attributed to the burning velocity which increased exponentially with the increased hydrogen fraction in the hydrogen-LPG fuel blend. Hydrogen has much wider flammable limit than methane, propane or gasoline and the minimum ignition energy is about an order of magnitude lower than for other combustion. By adding hydrogen, CO₂ and HC were reduced. However, NOX was increased due to high rate of heat release for hydrogen substitutions.

응급의료 영역 한국어 음성대화 데이터베이스 구축

김선희(Sunhee Kim),이주영(Jooyoung Lee),최서경(Seo Gyeong Choi),지승훈(Seunghun Ji),강지민(Jeemin Kang),김종인(Jongin Kim),김도희(Dohee Kim),김보령(Boryoung Kim),조은기(Eungi Jo),김호정(Hojeong Kim),장정민(Jungmin Jang),김준형(Jun Hyung 한국음성학회 2020 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.12 No.4

본 논문은 응급의료 환경에서 음성인식 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 실제 환경에서 데이터 수집 방법을 정의하고 정의된 환경에서 수집된 데이터를 전사하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 제안된 방법으로 수집되고 전사된 데이터를 이용하여 기본 음성인식 실험을 진행함으로써 제안한 수집 및 전사 방법을 평가하고 향후 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 모든 음성은 기본적으로 16비트 해상도와 16 kHz 샘플링으로 저장되었다. 수집된 데이터는 총 166건의 대화로서 8시간 35분의 분량이다. 수집된 데이터는 Praat를 이용하여 철자 전사, 음소 전사, 방언 전사, 잡음 전사, 그리고 의료 코드 전사를 수행하여 다양한 정보를 포함한 텍스트 데이터를 구축하였다. 이와 같이 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 기본 베이스라인 실험을 통하여 응급의료 영역에서의 음성인식 문제를 실제로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 제시한 데이터는 응급의료 영역의 1단계 데이터로서 향후 의료 영역에서의 음성인식 모델의 학습 데이터로 활용되고, 나아가 이 분야의 음성기반 시스템 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This paper describes a method of building Korean conversational speech data in the emergency medical domain and proposes an annotation method for the collected data in order to improve speech recognition performance. To suggest future research directions, baseline speech recognition experiments were conducted by using partial data that were collected and annotated. All voices were recorded at 16-bit resolution at 16 kHz sampling rate. A total of 166 conversations were collected, amounting to 8 hours and 35 minutes. Various information was manually transcribed such as orthography, pronunciation, dialect, noise, and medical information using Praat. Baseline speech recognition experiments were used to depict problems related to speech recognition in the emergency medical domain. The Korean conversational speech data presented in this paper are first-stage data in the emergency medical domain and are expected to be used as training data for developing conversational systems for emergency medical applications.

군위댐 담수 이후 수질변화 특성 분석

김가영(Ga Young Kim),김호정(Hojeong Kim) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

시민이 체감하는 하수도 서비스 수준과 정책적 함의

류재나(Jaena Ryu),김호정(Hojeong Kim) 한국환경정책학회 2021 한국환경정책학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

반하 추출물이 B-16 마우스 흑색종 세포의 멜라닌 생성과 타이로시네이즈 mRNA양에 미치는 영향

이상화 ( Sanghwa Lee ),김진준 ( Jinjun Kim ),김호정 ( Hojeong Kim ),이종태 ( Jongtae Lee ),강세훈 ( Sehhoon Kang ) 대한화장품학회 1997 대한화장품학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Melanin pigmentation in human skin is a major defense mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun. Tyrosinase(EC 1.14.18.1) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of melanin. This is why much researches have been focused on its regulation in controlling the epidermal melanization. We have found that the water-extract of Banha(Pinelliae temate B.),an oriental medicinal plant, has no tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but does inhibit the melanin biosynthesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. We also found that Banha extract lowers the tyrosinase activity in cultured cells. To elucidate the action mechanism of Banha extract we have investigated its effect on the tyrosinase mRNA level using reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique. It was revealed that Banha extract reduced the tyrosinase mRNA level in a dose dependent manner; when B16 mouse melanoma cells were cultured with 2mg/ml and 5mg/ml of Banha extract, there were 20% and 44% decrease in tyrosinase mRNA level, respectively. These data suggest that the Banha extract exerts its melanogenic inhibitoiy effect through the transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase mRNA.

산업폐수 및 폐수처리수 재이용 제도의 개관

한대호 ( Han Daeho ),조수경 ( Cho Sookyung ),양일주 ( Yang Iljoo ),김호정 ( Kim Hojeong ) 한국물환경학회 2023 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2023 No.0