청소년에서 컴퓨터 작업의 종류와 작업 시간이 눈깜박임 횟수와 안구건조에 미치는 영향

김준성,조경준,송종석.Jun Sung Kim. M.D.. Kyung Jun Cho. M.D.. Jong-Suk Song. M.D. 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.11

Purpose: To evaluate the change in blink rate in adolescents according to the type and duration of computer tasks and to analyze the risk of ocular dryness using an ocular protection index. Methods: Fifteen male high school students played computer games and viewed Internet lectures for 20 minutes each. Blink rate was measured by USB camera, and ocular protection index (OPI, the ratio of BUT to inter-blink interval) was calculated for each subject during the two tasks. In addition, 7 of the 15 subjects played computer games again for 40 minutes on another day, and the change in blink rate according to the duration of computer games was observed. Results: The average blink rate was 5.44±3.29 per minute (median 5, range 2-12.75) while playing computer games and 20.63±11.21 per minute (median 18.25, range 4.93-42.2) while viewing Internet lectures, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The percentage of subjects with OPI values less than 1 was 53% for computer games and 13% for Internet lectures (p=0.025). While playing computer games for 40 minutes, the mean of total blinks during ten-minute intervals decreased over time: 59.43 times (median 57) during the first 10 minutes, 33.86 times (median 41) during the last 10 minutes. Conclusions: The blink rate in adolescents was significantly lower and the risk of ocular dryness was higher while playing computer games compared with that of viewing internet lectures. As playing time increased, the blink rate decreased and risk of ocular dryness increased.

Calcium sulfate와 혈소판 유래성장인자의 혼합사용이 치주인대세포에 미치는 영향

김준성,최성호,유윤정,채중규,김종관,조규성,Kim, Jun-Seong,Choi, Seong-Ho,Yu, Yun-Jung,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Cho, Kyoo-Sung 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.4

It was well known that calcium sulfate was biocompatible, resorbed rapidly in the body, had potential as a good barrier membrane. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) was one of polypeptide growth factor that had been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of calcium sulfate and PDGF on periodontal ligament cells in vitro to use as a regeneration promoting agent of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were prepared from the premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 20% FBS, at the $37^{\circ}C$, 100% of humidity, 5% $Co_2$ incubator. Cells were inoculated and cultured into 96 well culture plate with $1{\times}10^4cells/well$ of ${\alpha}-MEM$ for 1 day. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS alone(control group), in calcium sulfate(calcium sulfate group), in calcium sulfate treated with 15ng/ml of PDGF-BB(calcium sulfate+PDGF group), in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS treated with 15ng/ml of PDGF-BB(PDGF group) for 1, 2, 3 day respectively. And then each group was characterized by examining of the cell counting, MTT assay, collagen synthesis. The results were as follows. 1. In the analysis of cell proliferation by cell counting, both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 1, 2 day(P<0.05). 2. In the analysis of cell proliferation by MTT assay in calcium sulfate extracts, both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 2, 3 day, and between calcium sulfate plus PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 2 day(P<O.05). 3. In the analysis of cell proliferation by MTT assay in transwell, both control group and PDGF group showed stastically significant difference compared to both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group at 1 day, but there was no stastically significant difference compared to both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group at 2, 3 day(P(0.05). 4. In the analysis of collagen synthesis by immunoblotting assay in calcium sulfate extracts, high level was detected on calcium sulfate group at 3 day, on calcium sulfate plus PDGF group at 1 day, on PDGF group at 2 day. On the basis of these results, calcium sulfate was biocompatible on the periodontal ligament cells and might have potential possibility as a vehicle of PDGF in the periodontal tissue regeneration.

RAMS+를 이용한 하천에서 오염물질의 2차원 체류시간 분포 모델링

김준성,서일원,신재현,정성현,윤세훈,Kim, Jun Song,Seo, Il Won,Shin, Jaehyun,Jung, Sung Hyun,Yun, Se Hun 한국수자원학회 2021 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.54 No.7

With the recent industrial development, accidental pollution in riverine environments has frequently occurred. It is thus necessary to simulate pollutant transport and dispersion using water quality models for predicting pollutant residence times. In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a meandering reach of the Sum River, South Korea, to validate the field applicability and prediction accuracy of RAMS+ (River Analysis and Modeling System+), which is a two-dimensional (2D) stream flow/water quality analysis program. As a result of the simulation, the flow analysis model HDM-2Di and the water quality analysis model CTM-2D-TX accurately simulated the 2D flow characteristics, and transport and mixing behaviors of the pollutant tracer, respectively. In particular, CTM-2D-TX adequately reproduced the elongation of the pollutant cloud, caused by the storage effect associated with local low-velocity zones. Furthermore, the transport model effectively simulated the secondary flow-driven lateral mixing at the meander bend via 2D dispersion coefficients. We calculated the residence time for the critical concentration, and it was elucidated that the calculated residence times are spatially heterogeneous, even in the channel-width direction. The findings of this study suggest that the 2D water quality model could be the accidental pollution analysis tool more efficient and accurate than one-dimensional models, which cannot produce the 2D information such as the 2D residence time distribution.

스마트그리드 상호운용성 확보를 위한 CIM 및 OPC-UA 기반 통합 플랫폼 개발

김준성(Jun-Sung Kim),신진호(Jin-Ho Shin),최승환(Seung-Hwan Choi) 한국정보과학회 2014 정보과학회지 Vol.32 No.9

문화재보호법의 문제점과 개선방안 -지역경제의 촉진과 관광문화산업의 활성화 측면에서-

김준성(Kim, Jun Sung) 한국법학회 2022 법학연구 Vol.87 No.-

현재 우리는 디지털시대에 살고 있으면서도, 또한 제4차 산업혁명시대에 살고 있다. 그리고 가까운 시기에 인간과 AI(인공지능 로봇)가 공존하는 사회가 출현될 수도 있다. 그리고 문화재보호와 문화재복원, 문화재발굴조사에 AI가 투입될 수도 있다. 이처럼 세상은 빠르게 변화하고, 진화하는 디지털시대이다. 그렇지만 이러한 변화의 원천은 현세대들이 선조들로부터 전승받은 문화와 문화재, 문화유산의 정신적 가치를 잘 보존하고, 개발함으로써 이룩한 문화의 파생물이며, 결과물이기도 하다. 그래서 현세대들은 후속세대들을 위하여 문화와 문화재, 문화유산 등을 잘 보존하고, 개발하여 전승시켜야 할 책무이자 도덕적 의무를 가지고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구에서는 문화재보호법의 체계구조와 문제점을 분석한 후 시대적 변화를 반영하여 문화재의 가치와 문화재보호의 가치를 선별하는 판단기준으로서 준거점을 제시하고자 하였다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 지역경제의 촉진과 관광문화산업의 활성화를 동시에 고려하는 미래지향적 측면에서 디지털화문화재의 도입방안과 문화재보호의 엄격성을 완화하는 입법론을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 문화재보호법 제3조의 본문 다음에 단서 조항을 입법하여 디지털화문화재를 도입하는 방안을 제안하였다. 둘째, 문화재보호법 제53조 제1항의 규정에서 유형문화재, 기념물 및 민속문화재 중에서 보존과 활용을 위한 조치가 특별히 필요한 것에 대한 기준을 명확하게 제안하였다. 이에 따라 동법 제1항에 규정된 국가지정문화재로 지정되지 아니한 문화재 중 보존가치가 있다고 인정되는 것에 대한 기준과도 명확하게 구분될 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, 국외소재문화재의 실효적인 반환을 위하여 문화재보호법 제69조의4의 규정을 신설하여 합법적으로 국외소재문화재 환수를 위한 반환청구권 행사의 규정과 국외소재문화재를 소유하는 국가 및 사인에게 반환의무를 규정하는 입법론을 제안하였다. 넷째, 문화재보호의 실효성을 위한 방법론으로서 문화재발견 신고포상금 지급의 현실화를 고려하여 문화재보호법 제86조 제3항을 신설하여 문화재보호법 시행령 제45조 포상금 지급기준에 비례하여 등급별 10배 이상의 보상사례금 지급규정을 제안하였다. Currently, we are living in the digital age, but also in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. And a society in which humans and AI (artificial intelligence robots) coexist may emerge in the near future. In addition, AI may be used to protect cultural properties, restore cultural properties, and excavate cultural properties. As such, it is a time when changes in the world develop rapidly and the trend of the times changes rapidly. However, the source of this change is a derivative of the culture achieved by preserving and developing the spiritual values of culture, cultural assets, and cultural heritage handed down by the modern generation from their ancestors. Therefore, the present generation has a responsibility and moral obligation to preserve, develop, and pass on culture, cultural assets, and cultural heritage for future generations. First, it was proposed to introduce digitalized cultural properties by enacting the proviso clause after the main text of Article 3 of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. Second, in the provisions of Article 53, Paragraph 1 of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act, the standards for those in need of special measures for preservation and utilization among tangible cultural properties, monuments and folk cultural properties were clearly proposed. Accordingly, it can be clearly distinguished from the criteria for recognition of preservation value among cultural properties that are not designated as nationally designated cultural properties as stipulated in Paragraph 1 of the same Act. Third, for the effective return of cultural heritage located abroad, the provisions of Article 69-4 of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act were newly established, stipulating the provisions on the exercise of the right to claim the return for the legal return of cultural heritage located abroad and the obligation of return to the state and private persons possessing the cultural heritage located abroad. proposed a legislative theory. Fourth, as a methodology for the effectiveness of cultural heritage protection, in consideration of the realization of the payment of rewards for reporting the discovery of cultural assets, Article 86 (3) of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act was newly established, and in proportion to Article 45 of the Enforcement Decree of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act, a reward reward of 10 times or more for each grade is provided. regulations were proposed.

형사소송법상 긴급체포제도에 관한 재검토

김준성(Kim, Jun-Sung) 한국형사법학회 2011 刑事法硏究 Vol.23 No.3

Though the suspect is under no specific suspicion, one will be arrested by an investigation agency. Seemingly illegal, however, it is permitted to do the urgent arrest only if the suspect will be released with the agency winning the written permission and report of a prosecutor, under the current criminal procedural law. The urgent arrest could be preferred and overused because generally the investigation agency places major emphasis on promptness and efficiency in investigating. In the case, a question of human rights infringement might be raised. This article focuses on reviewing on the problem of urgent arrest as mentioned above and submitting as reasonable improvement plans as follows; First, it is required to introduce ex facto custody warrant system if we intend to maintain current urgent arrest system to control the situation after urgent arrest. This makes it possible to fulfill constitutional warrant-requirement principle thoroughly in order to guarantee human rights and prevent the abuse of the investigation power. Secondly, under the current law, after the urgent arrest, a prosecutor should request an arrest warrant for the suspect ‘without delay’, and the period of claim is within 48 hours. However unlike general arrest, it would be required to investigate with promptness in emergency arrest. So, for the period of claim, 36 hours will be reasonable I think. Third, in urgent arrest, the investigation agency should immediately request a prosecutor to issue an arrest warrant. But this kind of procedure could be against the Constitution’s principle of the division of power. In order to utterly guarantee human rights, it will be more appropriate to abolish the system of a prosecutor’s approval and to introduce the system of judiciary approval. With these notions, I suggest that the judicial police directly request an arrest warrant to a judge. It will be necessary to revise a prosecutor’s exclusive right to request an warrant. Fourth, under the current Criminal Procedure, the urgent arrest system is similar to the urgent confinement system in the past, and it could violate the principle of the fundamental rights in the Constitution. Therefore, it would be better to employ the terminology of the urgent confinement system rather than urgent arrest system. Fifth, in respect to construing current law, from the standpoint of protecting the suspect’s rights, it should be considered not to admit additionally examining a suspect by requesting a warrant after being urgently arrested. However, if the suspect is urgently arrested and taken over to a judge under approval of arrest, additional examination could be permitted. The same holds true of a simple filling out an arrest form or doing another excuse for the prompt investigation. Conclusively, the system of urgent arrest could be applied more legitimately and effectively in supplementing ex post facto custody warrant. Considering improper use of urgent arrest power by investigative authorities, the characteristic of the urgent arrest would be interpreted in the middle of-the-road-policy between arresting and detention.

부정청탁금지법의 문제점과 개선방안

김준성 ( Kim Jun-sung ) 영남대학교 법학연구소 2017 영남법학 Vol.0 No.44

지난해 9월 28일자로 발효된 부정청탁금지법(약칭)은 현재 그 입법취지에 따라 엄격하게 시행되고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 사회적 분위기는 동법의 시행에 따른 경제적 위축과 경기침체 등의 문제로 그 효용성 여부에 대하여 침묵으로서 우려를 하고 있다. 특히 학계에서는 동법의 입법과정에서 공직자의 이해충돌방지 규정이 삭제된 부분에 대하여 유감(遺憾)과 그 적용대상의 범위에 대하여 찬반(贊反)을 명확하게 견지하고 있는 듯하다. 이러한 측면에서 필자는 동법의 문제점을 검토한 후 입법적 관점에서 그 취지에 부합하는 개선방안을 다음과 같이 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 동법의 입법취지를 고려한다면 동법 제12조의2 규정을 신설하여 공직자등의 이해충돌방지 규정을 추가적으로 입법하는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다. 둘째, 동법의 적용과정에서 해석상 논란을 방지하기 위하여 동법 제1조의2규정을 신설하여 부정청탁의 개념을 명확하게 정의(定義)하여 입법할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 동법 제5조 제2항 제7호에 규정되어 있는 부정청탁이 허용되는 예외사유로서 최종적인 판단기준이 되는 `사회상규`의 개념을 법체계상 관련성 있는 내용으로 대체하는 방안이 타당하다고 생각된다. 넷째, 동법 제8조에서 규제의 대상으로 공직자등의 친족의 범위를 배우자, 6촌 이내의 혈족, 4촌 이내의 인척으로 확대하여 적용하는 방안이 입법취지에 부합한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 취지에서 동법 제8조 제2항의 직무관련성 여부의 규정은 삭제되는 것이 타당하며, 또한 동법 제2조의 공직자의 적용대상에서 공공성이 강한 금융, 의료 등의 민간영역까지 확대하여 적용하는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다. 다섯째, 동법 제10조와 관련하여 동법 시행령 제25조(별표 2)의 외부강의 등 사례금 상한액을 다소 상향조정할 필요가 있으며, 이와 같은 취지에서 동법 시행령 제17조(별표 1)의 사교ㆍ의례 등 목적으로 제공되는 음식물ㆍ선물ㆍ경조 사비 등의 가액범위는 과태료 부과의 기준으로서 적정선을 초과하지 않는 범위내에서 일률적으로 동일하게 부과하는 방안이 타당하다고 생각된다. 여섯째, 동법 제23조의 과태료 부과는 관할경찰서를 경유하여 담당 검사가 부과처분하는 것이 타당하며 검사의 과태료 부과처분에 이의신청이 있는 경우에 한하여 검사는 당해사건을 관할법원으로 이송하여 관할법원에서 과태료 재판을 진행하는 방안이 합리적이라고 생각된다. 아울러 동법 제24조의 양벌규정에서 동법 제22조 제1항 제3호와 제23조 제5항 제3호의 경우에 금품 등의 제공자가 공직자등인 경우는 제외되어야 할 특별한 사유가 없다고 본다. 따라서 현행 부정청탁금지법은 필자가 제시하는 바와 같이 그 입법취지에 부합하는 법체계상의 정비가 최대한 빨리 이루어져야 강력한 반부패법(反腐敗法)으로서 실효성이 극대화될 수 있을 것이다. The anti-solicitation act effectuated from September, 28 last year is thought to be being implemented strictly according to the purpose of legislation now. But social atmosphere shows to be silently depressed about the utility due to the economic contraction and recession etc. Especially academia looks unfortunate about the conflict of interest code of public official deleted in the lawmaking process of the same law and looks like keeping pro and con distinctly about its application scope. This author, seeking the problems of the anti-solicitation act, suggests the improvements adequate to the purpose in the law of legislation as follows. First, considered the legislation purpose of the same law, it is reasonable to legislate by newly adding the conflict of interest rule of public official and the like as the second of the twelfth in the same law. Second, to prevent the interpretational difficulty in the applicable process of the same law, it is necessary to legislate in terms of defining the conception of improper solicitation distinctly by newly establishing the second of the first in the same law. Third, as socially accepted rules, the exceptions stipulated in the item 7, para. 2 of the art. 5 in the same law and allowed improper solicitation, is the final judgemental standard, they are thought to proper to be substituted the contents related to the law system. Fourth, it is thought to be rational to apply to expand the scope of relative of public official etc. regulated in the eighth of the same law as objects of regulation to spouse, blood relatives within second cousin, relatives by marriage within cousin. In furtherance of this idea, it is thought to be proper to delete the rules of duty relations in the second of the eighth of the anti-solicitation act and valid to apply to expand applicable object of public officials etc. to the quasi-public private sector of financial workers, medial workers, and the like. Fifth, the reward maximum price of the outside lecture etc. in the twenty fifth of the enforcement ordinance related to the same law is necessary to be adjusted in a lump, and in this purpose the price limit of the expense of the food and drink, gift, and congratulations and condolences etc. given for the purpose of social intercourse, rite, and the like in the seventeenth of the enforcement ordinance of the same law is thought to be valid to charge in a lump and in kind within the range that doesn`t exceed the optimum level as the standard charging a fine. Sixth, charging a fine according to the same law is rational for the prosecutor to charge through the district police station, and in the case of raising of an objection about the disposition of the imposition of fine for negligence by the prosecutor, the competent court notified by the prosecutor is thought to be resonable to proceed the trial of the fine. In addition, in the case of the dual liability of art. 24, the item 3, para. 1 of art. 22 and the item 3 of para. 5 of art. 23 in the same law, the providers of money and valuables are considered not to have a special reason to be excepted even in the case of public official. Accordingly, seen in this position, the anti-solicitation act should only make the arrangement of the law system adequate to the purpose of legislation as a matter of urgency and its effectiveness will be maximized as a powerful anti-corruption act.

고프장 선택속성이 골프장 이미지와 역가만족 및 참여행동에 미치는 영향

김준성(Jun Sung Kim),권순재(Soon Jae Kwon),김충열(Chung Ryeol Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2013 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.37 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine how the selective attributes of golf course, golf course image, leisure satisfaction and participation behavior are related to each other. The subjects of this study were a total of 271 participants of 5 outdoor golf greens. The data were statistically analyzed by correlation analysis, multiple liner regression analysis using SPSSWIN Version 15.0. As a result of these data analysis, the conclusions of this study are as follows. First, selective attribution of golf course is turned out to be influential in golf course image in terms of course and service. Second, selective attribution of golf course is turned out to be influential in leisure satisfaction in terms of course and conveniency. Third, selective attribution of golf course is turned out to be influential in participation behavior in terms of course and conveniency. Fourth, golf course image is turned out to be influential in leisure satisfaction. Fifth, golf course image is turned out to be influential in participation behavior. And lastly, leisure satisfaction is turned out to be influential in participation behavior.

스테레오 비전 센서와 레이다 센서 융합을 이용한 표적 탐지

김준성(Jun-Seong Kim),박완희(Wan-Hui Park),윤평화(Pyoung-Hwa Yoon),김병성(Byung-Sung Kim),송림(Reem Song) 한국전자파학회 2020 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.31 No.11

지능형 운전자 보조 시스템(Advanced Driver Assistance System: ADAS)이 광범위하게 도입되면서 스테레오 카메라를 이용한 물체 감지 및 거리 측정이 필수가 되고 있다. 하지만 스테레오 카메라는 물체와의 거리가 멀어질수록 측정 거리오차가 커지는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 77 ㎓ 단일채널 FMCW(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) 레이다와 비전 센서의 융합시스템을 개발하고, 카메라로 얻은 거리정보를 레이다로 보완하는 표적 매칭 알고리즘을 제안한다. 아울러 역으로 이용하여 영상 데이터를 이용, 단일채널 레이다로는 얻을 수 없는 도래 각 정보를 획득할 수 있음을 보였다. 실험을 통하여 본 시스템과 알고리즘의 타당성을 입증하였다. Stereo cameras have been widely employed for object and range detection in vehicular advanced driver assistance systems. However, camera sensors generally suffer from a lack of accuracy in terms of range detection when targets are further away from the sensors. In this study we present a fusion system composed of a 77 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar and a stereo camera, in which range information obtained by the camera is corrected by the radar data, a technique named target matching algorithm. Alternatively, the radar fed by the vision data can be equipped with the direction of arrival information that is not feasible with a single-channel FMCW radar. The measurement shows that the proposed technique is valid and effective.

형사실무에서 반전된 허용구성요건착오의 적용문제

김준성(Kim Jun Sung) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2017 江原法學 Vol.51 No.-

행위자는 객관적 정당화상황이 존재함에도 불구하고 그 상황을 인식하지 못한채 구성요건적 행위를 실행한 경우를 반전(反轉)된 허용구성요건착오(許容構成要件錯誤)라고 한다. 이러한 착오는 허용구성요건착오와 반대되는 형태이며, 행위자에게는 주관적 정당화요소가 결여된 상태로서 소극적 착오에 해당한다. 사실 현재까지의 상황으로 평가한다면 형사실무에서 허용구성요건착오는 법률의 착오문제와 관련하여 그 발생가능성이 상존(常存)할 수 있지만, 반전된 허용구성요건착오는 그 발생가능성이 거의 희박(稀薄)하다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 상황에 따라 주관적 정당화요소가 결여된 행위자가 객관적인 결과에 의하여 정당방위나 긴급피난 등을 주장하는 경우가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 가상의 문제가 될 수도 있겠지만, 현실적인 형사실무의 차원에서 반전된 허용구성요건착오의 법적 효과의 적용에 대하여 검토하는 것은 의미가 있다고 생각된다. 이러한 입장에서 필자는 반전된 허용구성요건착오의 행태와 개념을 정립하고, 법적 효과의 측면에서 불법구조를 검토하였으며, 우연피난상황을 가상적으로 설시한 판례의 입장을 분석하여 향후 실무적용의 방향성을 검토하였다. 아울러 주관적 정당화요소의 구체적 내용을 분석하여 주관적 정당화요소의 존부에 따른 형사실무에서의 합리적인 해결방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 결론적으로 반전된 허용구성요건착오는 행위자에게 주관적 정당화요소가 부존재하기 때문에 행위반가치는 상쇄될 수 없다. 하지만 객관적 정당화요소가 존재하기 때문에 결국 결과반가치가 상쇄되어 객관적 결과가 발생하지 않은 착오의 형태가 되며, 이러한 착오의 행태는 행위자의 행위에 대한 위험성이 존재하는 불능미수의 구조와 유사하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 결과발생이 불가능한 반전된 허용구성요건 착오는 기수의 불법이 아닌 미수의 불법이 유추적용되는 것이 타당하다고 판단된다. 다만, 형사실무에서 이러한 착오의 형태가 발생한다면 법관은 고의입증의 문제에 부딪혀 결국 추론과정에서 객관적 결과에 따른 선택적 상황에서 법적인 상황과 사회적 상황을 최대한 고려하여 범죄의 경중(輕重)에 따른 기수범 내지 불능미수범을 적용하는 이원적 입장을 취할 것이다. In spite of the fact that there could be objectively justifiable situations to persons who commit illegal acts, if the persons commit prerequisite mistake without acknowledging the situations, we call it The Reversed Permitted Prerequisite Mistake. This kind of mistake is the opposite to The Permitted Prerequisite Mistake, and, to the doers, is a passive mistake as being the state of subjective justifiable elements. Actually under the present conditions, the Permitted Prerequisite Mistake in Criminal Practice could be happen as regards the mistake of laws, but the Reversed Permitted Prerequisite Mistake could rarely take place. However depending on the situations, since doers who are lack of subjective justifiable elements could plead self-defense or emergency evacuation, though imaginary it could be, it could be worth reviewing the Reversed Permitted Prerequisite Mistake in Criminal Practice. In this point of view, I set up the behaviour and concept of the Reversed Permitted Prerequisite Mistake, reviewed illegal structure in the side of the application of the law, and considered the future application in practice by analyzing the previous case which virtually dealt with accidental emergency evacuation. In addition, specifically analyzing the subjective justifiable elements, I would like to propose a rational alternative about subjective justifiable elements in criminal practice. In conclusion, the Reversed Permitted Prerequisite Mistake could not be offset because there could not be subjectively justifiable elements to the doers. But since there would be objectively justifiable elements, and it makes anti-outcome-value offset and a kind of mistake, which this kind of mistake is similar to the structure of the futile attempt. Therefore I think that the Reversed Permitted Prerequisite Mistake which could be lead a result could be analogically applied, not illegality of an action but illegality of attempt. But, in criminal practice, this kind of mistake would take place, a judge would take an action of dual stance which applies consummated crime and impossible attempt crime because a judge should infer confirming deliberation considering legal situations and social situations.