도시 은퇴자의 전문성과 경륜을 농촌 활성화의 핵심역량으로

김주숙,Kim, Ju-Suk 전국농업기술자협회 2006 농업기술회보 Vol.43 No.4

同族部落에 관한 硏究 : 艮峴洞部落의 同族結合 分析

金周淑 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1968 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.6

스칸디나비아 家族에 대한 硏究[Ⅰ]

金周淑 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1979 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.34 No.-

The purpose of this article is to present some of the main facts and features of the family in Scandinavia, including Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The contents of the article are divided into six chapters : Introduction-Scandinavian Society, Population and Marital Status, Family and Social Welfare System, Reproduction, Sexual Behavior and Divorce. We shall emphasize the main points here and raise some further questions with regard to the Forean future family. 1. The Scandinavian population is characterized by a high proportion of old people, a high sex ratio among people aged 65 years ad over and a high proportion of unmarried female population aged 65 years and over. Mean ages at first marriage seem to have stabilized between 25-27 years for men, between 22-24 years for women. Nuptiality has been decreasing, especially in the younger generations, since the late sixties. This doesnt men however that the proportion of Scandinavian people living in a single status has been increasing, but rather that the number of cohabiting couples without marriage has been increasing. We have the figure of estimation for 165,000 couple cohabiting without marriage in Denmark as of January 1978. The data about Norway and Sweden also imply similar tendencies on cohabiting without marriage. Another feature about the marital statistics is the fact that the proportion of first marriage, as part of the total number of marriages, is decreasing and that the proportion of remarriage or third marriage of either one of the partners or both of them is increasing. 2. The Scandinavian family is characterized by the nuclear family which consists of parents and a few children. We can hardly find the extended family in the Scandinavian societies, even as a temporary arrangement. We can find two kinds of households in the statistics, one is the private household and the other is an institutional household, which manages the handicapped, the mentally ill and a considerable number of elderly people effectively. The Scandinavian family is the small-sized one with mainly one or two children. Over sixty percent of the total private households have no children living in same households. The relationship between husband and wife looks very equalitarian and democratic. The house works are shared by husband and wife. The majority of married women want to get a job outside their home. The economic activity rate of married women has been increasing recently. In 1970, the proportions of married women in total labor forces are 21.6% in Denmark, 14.4 in Norway and 20.4% in Sweden. Among the women aged 15-74 years, 59.2% of married women and 56.7% of unmarried women had jobs in Denmark in 1976, with a particularly high employment rate of 72-76% among women 20-44 years of age. 3. The Central government and the local authorities of the three countries have spent a lot of money and manpower for social security. In 1973, the total expenditure for social security in each country was 33253 million krone in Denmark, 18127 million krone in Norway and 45888 million krone in Sweden. These amounts are 21.0%, 18.6% and 20.9% of the total gross national incomes of each of the countries. This social security scheme covers various allowances for children, maternity benefits just after giving birth, the expenses for supervision of day nursery and similar institutions for children. This social welfare scheme also provide pensions for the elderly and all kinds of support for aged people. In other words, some of the traditional family functions like child rearing, protection for the weak or aged, have been transferred from family to society. 4. The reproduction level of the three countries is very low. The natural increase rates between 1970-1975 are 0.5% in Denmark 0.7% in Norway and 0.4% in Sweden. These low rates are due to not only the high acceptance rates of contraceptives, but also to the high rate of induced abortion. The numbers of induced abortion per 1000 live-births in 1975 are 386 in Denmark, 268 in Norway and 313 in Sweden. The so-called free abortion law seems to have contributed to the increase of abortion, especially in Denmark. Since the free abortion law came into force, every woman can get abortion at no cost, within 12 weeks of pregnancy, irrespective of her age or marital status. 5. The Scandinavian society was and is very permissive regarding relationships between man and woman including sexual behavior. We have found that there was considerable rate of premarital coitus and premarital conception in the Nordic countries in 19th century. Nowadays it is almost meaningless to distinguish between legitimate or illegitimate children. In fact the children born out of wedlock are treated just the same as the children born in wedlock under the law. As mentioned above, the number of couples-cohabiting without marriage has been increasing remarkably and it will probably continue to increase for a while. 6. The divorce rate has been increasing somewhat since the late sixties in Scandinavia. Among the three counties Swedens divorce rate has recently been slightly higher than those of the two other countries. About half of the divorces in the countries occurred in the first ten years of marriage. The remarriage rate after divorce has been decreasing remarkably in recent years. If we compare the Scandinavian family of today with the one in the sixties, we can find some differences in some respects. In the mid-sixties, Scandinavian society showed a higher nuptiality : since 1968, however, the divorce rate-which was quite stable from 1950 to 1968- has gone up. Since the end of the sixties some aspects about the Scandinavian family has been distinctly increasing : cohabiting couples without marriage, children born out of wedlock, number of induced abortion, and rate of divorce etc. Do the Scandinavian family continue developing to this direction? 7. The functions of the family in Scandinavian are quite different from the ones of Korean family in many aspects. In Scandinavian child rearing is supported by the society through the childrens allowances and institutional support like day-nursery and so on. Sex roles between husband and wife are becoming increasingly similar. Children usually get independence from their parents at earlier ages and are expected to live in their own flats independently. There is plenty of knowledge and information available about sexual life, but the Scandinavian ethic is very different from the Korean ethic and it rather seems that they do not have any ethics or rules to control their sexual lives restrictly in Scandinavia. The features of the family in Scandinavia should be considered with the political, economical, religious and cultural aspects of these societies, They have a long tradition of political democracy with the monarch systems, under the ruling social democrat party for over one generation, complete welfare systems under capitalistic economic systems, a history of Christianity for several hundred years, but never rooted in the mind of the people, and recent secularization of the Christianity. There is a long tradition of sexual permissiveness developed. These factors explain for some aspect of the social characteristics that formed the Scandinavian family today. It is now clear that the model of the Scandinavian family may be one of the future family patterns under the highly industrialized societies. Shall we expect that the Korean family will develop in same direction as the Scandinavian model in the future? There is only one common variable between the Scandinavian Society and Korean society : The former is industrialized society, the latter is industrializing rapidly. In spite of this common variable, the formation of the family in Korean society will be affected partly by the traditional values about family life and mostly by the future socio-economical systems of Korea.

농업생산 양태와 농촌가족 문제 : 청양군 운곡면의 2개리 조사 결과

김주숙 한신대학교 1987 한신논문집 Vol.4 No.-

農村女性問題 小考

金周淑 한국사회학회 1981 韓國社會學 Vol.15 No.-

덴마크의 합의혼

김주숙,Eric Menniche 한국가족학회 1979 家族學 論集 Vol.1 No.-

階層形成理論 : 初期유럽의 理論的 背景을 中心으로

金周淑 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1966 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.5

농촌사회문제에 대한 현행정책과 문제점

김주숙 한국사회복지학회 1992 한국사회복지학 Vol.19 No.-

Pinter의 The Homecoming에 있어서의 사랑과 사랑의 결핍

金柱淑 단국대학교 영어영문학회 1979 Athenaeum Vol.- No.2

이 작품은 자아 발견 과정을 통한 Ruth의 성장이라고 볼 수 있기 때문에, 용납할 수 없는 사건이 발생하긴 하지만 그것을 비윤리적이라고 할 수는 없을 것이다. 이것은 윤리 이전의 문제이다. 이극에서 Pinter는 우리에게 지적이며, 세련된 교양미 밑에 조심스럽게 감추어져 있던 곳으로부터 빠져나오는 인간 본연의 나신과 원시적인 욕구를 보여주고 있다. 그러므로 이 작품은 단순히 sex나 여성의 지배를 주제로 다룬 작품이 아니라 인간 모두에게 뿌리박혀 있는 활력과, 야수성, 열정, 사랑과 사랑의 결핍을 다룬 것이다.

농촌여성의 농업생산 참여의 실태와 문제점

김주숙 한국농촌경제연구원 1982 농촌경제 Vol.5 No.2