http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김은(Eun Kim),이윤석(Yun-Seok Lee),전하용(Ha-Yong Jeon),정민수(Min-Su Jung) 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.2
사람들의 대표적인 이동 수단으로 차량은 그 위치를 확고히 하고 있다. 이러한 차량에 대한 소유자의 접근은 주로 키라는 물리적인 매체, 스마트키(Smart Key)와 레키스키(Rekes Key)와 감은 주파수 기반 시스템이다. 하지만 기존의 방식 역시, 인증방식의 단순화로 인한 불법 복제에 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 3G휴대폰에 탑재된 USIM칩을 통해 차량에 대해 상호인증을 수행하여, 안전한 차량 접근이 가능하고, 근거리에서만 차량인증 및 제어, 정보의 획득이 가능하였던 기존의 방식을 개선하여 원거리에서도 차량에 대한 접근 및 제어가 가능하도록 하였다.
김운수 ( Woon Soo Kim ),전하나 ( Ha Na Jeon ),정남숙 ( Nam Sook Jeong ) 서울시정개발연구원 2011 연구보고서 Vol.2011 No.28
Climate change is today recognized as one of the most serious challenges to the global and local community. The IPCC has concluded that most of the observed warming in global average surface temperature that has occurred since the mid-20th century is very likely a result of human activities. Our society has also experienced climate change; warmer winters, hotter summers and incidences of more extreme weather. Average temperature in Seoul has warmed at a rate of approximately 2.4°C from 1908 to 2007 that is almost triple the global rate in the past 100 years (1906-2005). Climate change is not only bringing subtropical diseases rarely found but also increasing flooding as rainfall become more intense during the summer in Seoul. Hotter temperatures will increase public health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, and place further strains on our infrastructure. Seoul has already planned for a contribution to climate change and implemented action plans. The target of reducing Seoul`s GHG emissions by 25% of 1990 levels by 2020 and by 40% of 1990 levels by 2030, Seoul should know the strength and weakness in carrying out the plan by monitoring performance in order to successfully achieve greenhouse gas reduction goals. The aim of this study is to provide a monitoring framework for performance management meeting GHG emission reduction target and suggest policy-directions of improving an GHG target management in Seoul, The suggestions of this study are summarized as follows, 1. Seoul GHG Assessment Tool: This study suggests developing ``Seoul GHG Assessment Tool`` that all steps of reducing greenhouse gas are integrated into one system in Seoul:the steps include reporting GHG inventory, setting targets and action plans of GHG reduction, and evaluating performance of meeting the target. It is expected to enhance Seoul`s ability of managing performance, thus contribute much to meeting GHG reduction target in Seoul. 2. use of Seoul GHG Information Management System: In general, it needs to manage exceedingly mass data in order to devise strategy for reducing greenhouse gas and analysis the inventory. When it is extremely costly to produce a new system, it is able to use Seoul GHG Assessment Tool or GHG management systems established by government: NGMS (National Greenhousegas Management System) and GEIS (Greenhouse gas Emission Information System), etc. 3, establishment of monitoring system: The policy conditions and methodologies related to global warming have continuously modified, therefore we should enhance the flexibility for adapting the change in Seoul. For example, IPCC has modified and updated ``guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories`` since the first report, so Seoul should also adapt its greenhouse gas inventory according to their revision. It is natural that the revisal has an effect on national and local target for climate change. 4, annual progress reporting of GHG reduction plans: New York and London have published the annual progress reports which show their achievement and performance of climate change plans. Those play an important role as informing the progress of plans to citizen and officer. It should be pointed out that local society take part in the action plans, thus Seoul have a duty to report the action plans and performance. 5, introduction of energy management system (ISO50001): According to the implementation of GHG and energy target management that divides the greenhouse gas target into public and private sectors in Korea, some experts predict to increase the works of management greenhouse gas reduction in local government. It is able to reduce the burden of the policy implementation as applying international standard of energy management system (ISO50001). The system stresses the involvement of executive leadership, saying that top management must establish, implement and maintain an energy policy. They must identify the scope of the system, communicate its importance, ensure that appropriate targets and performance indicators are established and ensure that results are measured.
백서 교종 세포에서 레티노인산에 의한 카탈라제의 활성 증가가 방사선감수성에 미치는 효과
김화(Hua Jin),전하연(Ha Yeun Jeon),박우윤(Woo-Yoon Park),김원동(Won-Dong Kim),안희열(Hee-Yul Ahn),유재란(Jae-Ran Yu) 대한방사선종양학회 2005 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.23 No.4
목 적: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)는 뇌종양 세포의 증식억제효과가 있으며, ATRA와 방사선의 병용은 악성 뇌종양의 치료 효과를 증진시키는 방법이 될 수 있다. 그러나 ATRA에 의해 항산화효소가 증가되며 이로 인해 방사선에 의해 생성된 reactive oxygen species (ROS)가 제거된다면 방사선의 효과는 낮아질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 ATRA에 의해 유도되는 카탈라제(catalase)에 의한 방사선감수성의 변화를 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 백서 교종세포(36B10)을 대상으로 ATRA 및 ATRA의 화학적 억제제인 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole(ATZ) 와 병용하여 카탈라제 활성도, 방사선감수성 및 ROS의 변화를 측정하였다. 카탈라제 활성도는 H2O2의 소멸을 자외선 분광광도계로 측정하는 방법을 이용해 정량하였으며, 방사선감수성은 단일집락군형성능력으로, ROS 는 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate 를 분광광도계로 측정하였다. 결 과: 카탈라제 활성도는 ATRA의 농도(10, 25, 50μM)에 따라 증가하였다. ATRA (10μM)와 방사선(4 Gy)의 병용에 의해 생존분획은 상승적(supra-additive)으로 감소하였으며, 이 감소된 생존분획은 ATZ 동시 투여에 의해 증가하였다. ATRA 10μM 또는 25μM을 48시간 처리 후 ROS는 대조군에 비해 각각 1.5배, 2배 증가하였고, 4 Gy와 ATRA의 병용군에서는 2.5배 증가하였다. ATRA와 방사선의 병용에 의해 증가된 ROS는 ATZ에 의해 감소되었다. 결 론: ATRA에 의해 유도되는 카탈라제는 방사선감수성을 감소시키지 않으며, 오히려 ROS의 증가에 의해 방사선감수성을 상승시켰다. 따라서 ATRA와 방사선의 병용은 뇌종양의 치료에 유용한 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. Purpose: It has been reported that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can inhibit glioma growing in vitro. However, clinical trials with ATRA alone in gliomas revealed modest results. ATRA has been shown to increase radiosensitivity in other tumor types, so combining radiation and ATRA would be one of alternatives to increase therapeutic efficacy in malignant gliomas. Thus, we intended to know the role of catalase, which is induced by ATRA, for radiosensitivity. If radiation-reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) is removed by catalase, the effect of radiation will be reduced. Materials and Methods: A rat glioma cell line (36B10) was used for this study. The change of catalase activity and radiosensitivity by ATRA, with or without 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (ATZ), a chemical inhibitor of catalase were measured. Catalase activity was measured by the decomposition of H2O2 spectrophotometrically. Radiosensitivity was measured with clonogenic assay. Also ROS was measured using a 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate spectrophotometrically. Results: When 36B10 cells were exposed to 10, 25 and 50μM of ATRA for 48 h, the expression of catalase activity were increased with increasing concentration and incubation time of ATRA. Catalase activity was decreased with increasing the concentration of AT (1, 10 mM) dose-dependently. ROS was increased with ATRA and it was augmented with the combination of ATRA and radiation. ATZ decreased ROS production and increased cell survival in combination of ATRA and radiation despite the reduction of catalase. Conclusion: The increase of ROS is one of the reasons for the increased radiosensitivity in combination with ATRA. The catalase that is induced by ATRA doesn`t decrease ROS production and radiosensitivity