처용탈 辟邪色 硏究

김용목 무용역사기록학회(구 한국무용사학회) 2009 한국무용사학 Vol.10 No.-

우리는 그들의 용기에 빚을 지고 있다

김용목 한국사회복지행정학회 2017 한국사회복지행정학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2017 No.4

30年代의 모더니즘과 센티멘털리즘

金容穆 국어국문학회 1973 국어국문학 Vol.- No.61

처용탈 변화요인 고찰

김용목 ( Kim-yongmok ) 무용역사기록학회 2016 무용역사기록학 Vol.42 No.-

처용무를 구성하는 요소 중 가장 중요한 것은 처용탈이다. 아무리 처용무의 춤사위를 구사하고 처용의상을 입고 춤을 추어도 처용탈을 쓰지 않으면 처용무라 할 수 없다. 『악학궤범』 권9 처용관복도설에는 처용의 형상과 처용복식이 치수까지 상세하게 기록되어 있어 처용탈과 복식을 제작 할 때 전범으로 삼고 제작에 임해왔다. 그러나 연구한 바에 따르면 처용무는 조선개국(1394년)부터 1442년 나례 때(세종 24년)까지 48년간 女妓들이 추었고, 세종 25년(1443년)부터 연산 10년(1504년)까지 61년간은 남자 재인들이 춘 것이 확인된다. 그리고 1504년부터 다시 여자들이 처용무를 춘 것으로 기록되어 있다. 1504년을 기점으로 처용탈은 큰 변화를 겪게 된다. 『악학궤범』이 만들어진지 불과 11년 뒤이다. 처용무가 가장 많이 기록되어있는 실록은 燕山君日記인데, 연산의 처용무에 대한 지나친 관심이 처용탈의 변화에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 조선후기의 처용탈은 모두 얼굴이 길고, 특히 평양감사환영도의 부벽루연회도 속 처용탈은 수염이 없다. 평양의 기녀들이 추었기 때문이다. 그 외 전해지는 도병과 계첩의 처용탈은 한결같이 턱이 길게 강조되어 있다. 다시 말해 조선 후기의 처용탈들은 『악학궤범』을 典範으로 삼지 않았고, 지속적으로 변화 발전되어 왔음을 확인 할 수 있다. 특히 일제강점기의 처용탈은 조선시대 처용탈의 전승계보를 이탈 한 것으로 드러난다. 이왕직아악부의 함화진, 김영제, 이수경은 실제 처용무를 춘 적이 없으며, 복식과 처용탈 또한 남아있지 않아 새로 제작 했고, 제작할 사람이 없어 일본 사람이 와서 처용탈을 제작한 것으로 기록되어 있다. 결론적으로 현재의 처용탈들은 조선 후기에 일관되게 이어져 오던 처용탈의 특징인 얼굴이 길고 턱이 유난히 긴 헌종대 무신진찬도병 처용탈의 맥을 잇지 못했다. 조선후기에 변화 발전해 오던 처용탈이 다시 일제강점기에 일본인에 의해 1493년의 『악학궤범』 처용형상으로 되돌아 간 것은 현재 우리가 직면해 있는 원형과 전형의 논란에 하나의 사례로 회자 될 만하다. 우리나라는 역사나 민속뿐 아니라 모든 분야에서 일제강점기를 극복하기란 쉽지 않아 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리는 일제강점기 동안 단절되고 왜곡된 우리문화의 제자리를 찾는 노력을 계속해야 한다. 처용무의 처용탈도 『악학궤범』의 처용탈과 함께 조선 후기 처용탈의 해학적인 모습도 수용해 처용무 표현의 지평을 넓혀야 할 것이다. The most important element in the Cheoyongmu is the mask of Cheoyong. Even if all of the costumes are present, the performance is not considered Cheoyongmu without the mask. In the ninth volume of ancient record Akhak gwebeom, in the section titled “CheoyongGwanbokDoSeol,” the making of the mask is recorded in detail., as well as the costumes and accessories used in the Cheoyongmu. From 1394 to 1442 (Sejong `24), Cheoyongmu actors were women; however, men performed the Cheoyongmu for 61 years, from 1443 (Sejong `25) to 1504 (Yeonsan `10). After that time, the Cheyongmu was performed by women again. As of 1504, the Cheoyong mask underwent a drastic development. The time-frame of this change was 11 years after the Akhakgwebeom was written. Under the Yeonsan kingdom, Cheoyongmu was recorded in greater detail, mainly because of the king`s great interest in the performance. The significant changes made to the Cheoyong mask also occurred because the performance attracted the king`s attention. One example of the change of the design can be found in the mask`s beard; in the description in “Pubyok pavilion banquet,” the Cheoyong mask has no beard, which is extraordinary because this became one of its most distinctive features. Another example is the protruding jaw of the mask. In the books of “Dobyoeng” and “Gyecheop,” the jaw part of the mask was significantly emphasized. All of these features contradict those mentioned in the Akhakgwebeom. The design of the Cheoyong mask was not concluded in the time of writing the Akhakgwebeom; instead, it underwent significant and constant change over time. During the Japanese occupationera, the mask design deviated from the original design used in the Chosun dynasty. The office of the “Aakubu” is known to have performed the Cheoyongmu; however, the mask and costumes were not consistent with the original version of the performance. This is considered to be a separate artwork rather than the Cheoyongmu. There is also a record showing that some Japanese people made Cheoyong masks in that era. Throughout the late Chosun dynasty, the design of the Cheoyong mask was distinct to what is believed to be the original. However, the exceptionally long jaw of the mask, as described in “Heon-jong-dae mu-sin-jin-chan-do-byung,” is no longer reproduced. Regarding the changes of the mask in this era, it the true original design of the Cheoyong mask remains controversial. This represents another cultural disturbance stemming from the enforced occupancy by Japan. In this regard, the study of the Cheoyong mask represents the recovery of the distorted tradition of our country. From studying the Akhakgwebeom, as well as other historical records, we are finding out about a variety of original designs of the Cheoyong mask, including a humorous version from the Chosun dynasty era.

원심력을 이용한 석가공폐수 처리

안송엽,김용목,심순섭,권희태,김두정 圓光大學校 環境建設硏究所 1999 環境建設論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Spin machines, used to remove a component from a multiphase mixture, may be among the earliest used in human evolution. When environmental engineers realized the possible use of the centrifuge in the field of sludge treatment, centrifuges had already reached an advanced stage of development. Solids migrated through the liquid radially to the bowl wall by centrifugal forces. The bowl could rotate with an elevated speed up to 1000rpm. The removal of the very fine particles form the liquid requires comparatively high acceleration numbers of the centrifuge when flocculants are not used. The recovery, based on the solids content in the liquid may be between 80 and 97%.

소규모 폐기물 소각로 개발에 관한 연구

안송엽,김용목 圓光大學校 環境建設硏究所 1995 環境建設論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Until now there was no trusting what developed thing by our technique in terms of restriction for the air pollution substances. So this study supplement after analysis the problem of existing miniature incenerator and manufacture the combustion experiment incenerator. The problem analysis supplement are as follows: 1) This incenerator is designed to inflow toward the center of combustion furnace. 2) It is designed to facilitate the seperation of main body and combustion furnace. 3) It is designed not to need the grate. 4) It is designed to decrease in 65% ∼ 87% the air pollution substances of NOx. SOx. CO by drug of CaCO_3 in combustion. 5) It is designed to set up the cyclone and second combustion furnace to get rid of the dust. 6) It is designed to retrieve and use the energy as water-cooled.

管網의 最適管徑決定에 關한 硏究

안송엽,김용목 원광대학교 공업기술개발연구소 1991 工業技術開發硏究誌 Vol.11 No.-

Abstract On this study, I would like to study economic and rational design of the water distribution pipe networks by Lagrange Multiplier method. As daily life of human being and industrial development have close relations with water resources and the costs of water distribution facilities to utilize water resources amount to more than half of all construction costs, economic and rational optimum design to minimize construction costs of water distribution facilities is needed. So, this study will be much used in practical and rational design of the water distribution pipe networks, as it uses Lagrange Multiplier method optimizes to ideal diameter on design of the water distribution pipe networks, and then make optimum ideal diameter into standard diameter by standard program, and purchases practical diameter in actual spot and can be applied directly.

統計的 手法에 의한 病院 汚 廢水 排出量 推測에 관한 硏究

안송엽,김용목 원광대학교 공업기술개발연구소 1994 工業技術開發硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

The sewage discharged by major hospitals contains quite different waste material from that of household sewage since hospital sewage is produced of clinical examination as well as patient care. This study intends to suggest a equipment capacity of the sewage and wastewater treatment through the multiple liner regression analysis and the inducement of the persumption model with the latest statistical date of service water, Patient number and bed number in the A. B and C major hospital. The main purose of this paper that reduce waterpollution by the sewage and wastewater discharging from hospital, decrease a burden load by shortage of the treatment capacity, losses economic losses by a excess equipment investment, calculate a capacity of the treatment about sewage and wastewater occurrence in hospital.

UASB 법에 의한 도살장폐수 처리에 관한 실험적 연구

안송엽,김용목 원광대학교 공업기술개발연구소 1994 工業技術開發硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

The main Purpose of this paper is to find the removal rate of slaughterhouse wastewater with various hydraulic retention times and with changing the load of organic matter from low to high. The slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Process was investigated by frequent measures of influent and effluent COD, pH, temperature alkalinity. VFA and gab Production. respectively. The experimental results are as follows : 1. It seems that COD removal efficiency of 80% was achieved in the reactor inoculated with granule sludge . 2. COD removal rates of reactors in 19hr~ 12hr of hydraulic retention times showed over 80%. 3. According to decrease HRT, VFA/alkalinity ratio in UASB reactor was 0.04~0.13. It seems not to influence anaerobic Process. 4. Gas Production increased in HRT over 12hr but gas production decreased in HRT under 12hr.

QLQG/LTR 방법을 이용한 수중운동체의 심도 제어시스템 설계

한성익,김종식,김용목 대한기계학회 1993 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.- No.-