낙동강 유역의 1,4-Dioxane과 Perchlorate 분포특성

김복조(Bok Jo Kim),한성욱(Sung Wook Han),박재윤(Jae Yun Park),김상호(Sang Ho Kim),김종용(Jong Yong Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.6

발목 강화 운동과 기능적 전기 자극치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 보행기능 및 균형능력에 미치는 영향

김복조(Bok Jo Kim),이성기(Sung Ki Lee),김명기(Myung Ki Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the effects of ankle strength exercise and functional electrical stimulation on ability balance control and gait of stroke patients. The results of the study will be used as basic data for help in independent life of stroke patients. Subject person of this study is 20 stroke patients, sex ratio was 10 men, 10 women. Experimental group (5 men, 5 woman) ran parallel ankle strength exercise and functional electric stimulation treatment, and control group (5 men, 5 woman) ran parallel functional electric stimulation treatment and exercise treatment. Measured balance ability and walking speed, ankle angle after 8 weeks experiment 3 inning a week. The results were as follows; 1. Weight bearing rate by Berg balance scale and BPM increased to keep in mind in experimental grooup and control group, and change that position sway by BPM, sway path, sway area, the all sway speeds displayed decrease that keep in mind, and are less relatively in control group was seen. And difference of change amount between two groups displayed statistically significant. It means that this improved two groups total balance ability but ankle strength exercise and same time of functional electric stimulation treatment are more effect. 2. Change of walking speed and ankle joint angle displayed decrease that two groups keep in mind after all experiments in TUG that display walking speed in experimental group and control group. But, ankle joint angle both was no difference that two groups keep in mind after and experiment. And difference that keep in mind in walking speed too as result that significant difference of change amount of two groups appeared. When applied running parallel ankle strength exercise and functional electric stimulation treatment in stroke patients, both experimental group and control group appeared that balance and ability to walk are increased. Also, was expose that difference that keep in mind between group as result that significant difference of change amount of two groups is. Can explain that this means that ankle strength exercise and same time of functional electric stimulation treatment were more effective in treatment of stroke patient.

광학활성 비스(L-Prolinato)(2,2'-bipyridine)코발트(Ⅲ)와 비스(L-Prolinato)(1,10-phenanthroline)코발트(Ⅲ)의 합성과 구조적인 특성

오창언,김복조,윤두천,도명기,허남호,Oh, Chang Eon,Kim, Bok Jo,Yoon, Doo Cheon,Doh, Myung Ki,Heo, Nam Ho 대한화학회 1995 대한화학회지 Vol.39 No.9

Trans-$[Co(py)_4/Ci_2]^+(py=pyridine)$과 L-proline 및 diimine(=2,2'-bipyridine,1,10-phenanthroline)과의 반응에서 $[Co(L-pro)_2/(bipy)]^+$(L-pro=bipy=2,2'-bipyridine)과 $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$(phen=1,10-phenathroline)이 각각 생성되었다. 관 크로마토그래피상에서 입체특이성을 가지는 L-prolinato의 입체선택성으로 인하여 $[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]^+$에서는 $Lambda$-trans(N)만이 얻어졌고 $[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]^+$에서는 ${\Delta}$-trans(N)과 $Lambda$-cis(O)cis(N)이 얻어졌다. 결정구조 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: $Lambda$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]CIO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ (1): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a = 9.807(3), b = 10.421(1), c = 12.778(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}=109.90(2)^{\circ}$, V = 1227.8(5)${\AA}^3$, Z = 2; 1571 data(I>3.0${\sigma}$(I)) R = 0.060 and $R_W = 0.067$; ${\Delta}$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]Cl{\cdot}_3H_2O$ (2): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a = 9.838(2), b = 12.892(2), c = 10.747(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}=113.79(2)^{\circ}$, V = 1247.2(4)${\AA}^3$, Z = 2; 2433 data(I>3.0${\sigma}$(I)) R = 0.043 and $R_W = 0.050$. Reaction between trans-$[Co(py)_4/Ci_2]^+(py=pyridine)$ and L-proline and diimine (=2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline) gives two products, $[Co(L-pro)_2/(bipy)]^+$ and $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$ complexes, respectively. On column chromatography, $[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]^+$ was obtained only as $Lambda$-trans(N) and $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$ was obtained both as ${\Delta}$-trans(N) and $Lambda$-cis(O)cis(N) due to the stereoselectivity of L-prolinato which was stereospecific. Crystal data are as follows: $Lambda$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]CIO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ (1): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a=9.807(3), b=10.421(1), c=12.778(2) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=109.90(2)^{\circ}$, V=1227.8(5) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2; 1571 data with I > 3.0${\sigma}$(I) were refined to R=0.060, $R_W = 0.067$; ${\Delta}$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]Cl{\cdot}_3H_2O$(2): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a=9.838(2), b=12.892(2), c=10.747(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}=113.79(2)^{\circ}$, V=1247.2(4) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2; 2433 data with I > 3.0${\sigma}$(I) were refined to R=0.043, $R_W = 0.050$.

광학활성 $[Co(N)_6]^{3+}$형 착물과 전해질간의 상호작용에 대한 원편광 이색성 스펙트라

오창언,김복조,윤두천,남미애,도명기,김양,Oh, Chang Eon,Kim, Bok Jo,Yoon, Doo Cheon,Nam, Mi Ae,Doh, Myung Ki,Kim, Yang 대한화학회 1995 대한화학회지 Vol.39 No.2

$Hg^{2+}$에 의한 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$ (L = 아민류) 착물의 아쿠아화 및 킬레이트화 반응

오창언,윤두천,김복조,도명기,Chang Eon Oh,Doo Cheon Yoon,Bok Jo Kim,Myung Ki Doh 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.4

수용액 및 유기용매-물 혼합용매속에서 L이 $NH_3$, $NH_2$$CH_3$, $glyOC_2H_5$, $glyOCH_3$, $dl-alaOC_2$$H_5$, $NH_2$$CH_2$$CONH_2$, $NH_2$CH$_2$CN 이 배위된 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$ (en = 1,2-diaminoethane)에 $Hg^{2+}$을 작용시켰을 때 속도론적인 자료, 원평광이색성 스펙트라, 이온교환 크로마토그래피에 의한 생성물 분석 및 용매의 성질인 Y(ionizing power)를 이용한 m(Grunwald-Winstein의 기울기)값의 결과들로 부터 반응은 I$_{d-}$메카니즘으로 제안되었다. 반응 결과 L이 $NH_3$과 NH$_2$CH$_3$이 배위된 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$은 Cl$^-$이 해리되어 H$_2$O 분자가 치환되었으며, L이 glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$과 NH$_2$CH$_2$CN이 배위된 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$은 Co(Ⅲ)에 대한 각 리간드 L의 킬레이트화가 일어났다. 에탄올-물 혼합용매 속에서 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$을 제외한 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$은 에탄올의 양이 증가될수록 속도상수(k)의 값이 증가되었고, 또한 30${\%}$ 유기용매-물 혼합용매 속에서의 속도상수의 값은 30${\%}$ 2-프로판올-물>30${\%}$ 에탄올-물>물의 순서를 나타내었다. 그러나 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$은 이와 반대의 결과를 나타내었다. 각 착물들의 속도상수의 차이에 있어서 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_3$)Cl]$^{2+}$ 및 cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_3$)Cl]$^{2+}$은 리간드장 파라메타(${\Delta}$)와 관계가 있었지만, cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$(L = $glyOC_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, $NH_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, $NH_2$CH$_2$CN)은 이와 관계가 없었다. cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$에 대하여 $NO_3^-$을 첨가시켜 $Hg^{2+}$이 촉매로서 작용하는 반응에서 $NO_3^-$에 의하여 그 반응 메카니즘이 변화되는 것이 아니라 단지 속도만 변화되었다. It has been suggested that Hg$^{2+}$-promoted reaction of a series of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$ (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) with L = NH$_3$, NH$_2$CH$_3$, glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN proceeds by dissociative interchange(I$_d$) mechanism from kinetic data, circular dichroism spectra, analyses of products, and the values of m(Grunwald-Winstein plot) using Y (solvent ionizing power) in aqueous solution and in mixed aqueous-organic solvent. It has been found that chloride replacement by water (aquation) for the series with L = NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ and chelation of ligand L to Co(Ⅲ) for the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN occurs, respectively. The rate constants on Hg$^{2+}$-induced reaction of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were increased with increasing the contents of ethanol in mixed water-ethanol solvents. In mixed water-30${\%}$ organic solvents, the rate constants of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ have also been measured in the order 30${\%}$ 2-propanol-water > 30${\%}$ ethanol-water > water. However, the rate constants of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were reversed. The rate constants of the series with L= NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ were related to ligand field parameter (${\Delta}$), but those of the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CN were not. The reaction between the series and Hg2+ in aqueous media containing NO$_3^-$ has been investigated. The results for the reaction do not alter the mechanism, but the rate only was altered.

염기성 촉매에 의한 $cis-{\beta}-$$[Co(3,2,3-tet)(CO_3 or C_2O_4)]^+$ (3,2,3-tet=4,7-diazadecane-1,10-diamine)에 대한 Carbonato 혹은 Oxalato 리간드의 고리열림 반응

윤두천,오창언,김복조,도명기,Yoon, Doo Cheon,Oh, Chang Eon,Kim, Bok Jo,Doh, Myung Ki 대한화학회 1996 대한화학회지 Vol.40 No.7

염기성 용액속에서 cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3,-tet))CO_3\;or\;C_2O_4)]^+$ (3,2,3-tet=4,7-diazadecane-1,10-diamine)에 대한 Carbonato 혹은 Oxalato 리간드의 고리열림반응이 수용액 및 유기용매-물혼합용매속에서 조사되었다. 그 결과 cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3,-tet))CO_3\;or\;C_2O_4)]^+$에서 킬레이트된 $CO_3^{2-}$ 혹은 $C_2O_4^{2-}$의 두 개의 산소원자 중 한 개가 해리하여 $OH^-$가 치환되고 3,2,3,-tet의 재배열이 일어나 cis-${\alpha}[Co(3,2,3,-tet)(OH)(OCD_2\;or\;OC_2O^3)]$가 생성되었고, 반응은 해리성인 Dcb(dissociative conjugated base) 메카니즘으로 진행되었다. 연이어 $C_2O_4^{2-}$ 혹은 $CO_3^{2-}$의 나머지 한 개의 산소원자가 해리하여 cis-${\alpha}-[Co(3,2,3-tet)(OH)_2]^-$가 생성되었고 이것은 다시 cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3-tet)(OH)_2]^+$로 이성질화 반응이 일어났다. The base-catalysed carbonato or oxalato ring opening of cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3,-tet))CO_3\;or\;C_2O_4)]^+$(3,2,3-tet=4,7-diazadecane-1,10-diamine, $C_2O_4$=oxalate) has been investigated in aqueous solution and in mixed aqueous-organic solvent. The rearrangement of 3,2,3-tet and carbonato or oxalato ring opening of cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3,-tet))CO_3\;or\;C_2O_4)]^+$ occurred via the dissociation of one of the two coordinating carbonato or oxalato oxygen atoms. The resulting product was cis-${\alpha}-[Co(3,2,3-tet)(OH)(OCO_2\;or\;OC_2O_3)_3].$ It has been suggested that the base-catalysed reaction of cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3,-tet))CO_3\;or\;C_2O_4)]^+$ takes place via the Dcb(dissociative conjugated base) mechanism. The other oxygen atom of carbonato or oxalato was dissociated continuously to give cis-${\alpha}-[Co(3,2,3-tet)(OH)_2]^+.$ Cis-${\alpha}-[Co(3,2,3-tet)(OH)_2]^+$ was isomerized to cis-${\beta}-[Co(3,2,3-tet)(OH)_2]^+.$

Binding Mode of [Ruthenium(II)$(1,10-Phenanthroline)_2L]^{2+}\;to\;Poly(dG){\cdot}poly( dC){\cdot}poly(dC)^+$ Triplex DNA

조창범,조태섭,김복조,한성욱,정맹준,Jo, Chang Beom,Jo, Tae Seop,Kim, Bok Jo,Han, Seong Uk,Jeong, Maeng Jun Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.10

Binding geometries of $[Ru(II)(110-phenanthroline)_2L]^2+$, complexes (where L = dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c]phena-zine (DPPZ) or benzodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (BDPPZ)) to poly(dG)${\cdot}$poly(dC)${\cdot}$poly(dC) + triplex DNA (CGC + triplex) has been investigated by linear dichroism and normal absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the linear dichroism for the CGC+ triplex and $[Ru(II)(phen)_2BDPPZ]^2+$ complex indicates that the extended ligand of the metal complex lie perpendicular to the polynucleotide helix axis. Together with strong hypochromism and red shift in the interligand absorption region, we concluded that the extended BDPPZ or DPPZ ligand in-tercalated between the bases of polynucleotide. The spectral properties of the metal complexes bound to CGC+ triplex are similar to those bound to $poly(dA)[poly(dT)]^2$ triplex (Choi et al., Biochemistry 1997, 36, 214), sug-gesting that the metal complex is located in the minor groove of the CGC+ triplex.

식품첨가물로 사용되는 페놀계 산화방지제에 대한 이론적 연구

이길준(Lee, Gil Jun),김복조(Kim, Bok Jo),한지훈(Han, Ji Hoon) 대구과학대학교 국방안보연구소 2021 사회융합연구 Vol.5 No.6

식품첨가물로 사용되는 합성 페놀계 산화방지제인 디부틸히드록시톨루엔(BHT), 2-부틸히드록시아니솔(2-BHA), 3-부틸히드록시아니솔(3-BHA), 터셔리부틸히드로퀴논(TBHQ)과 몰식자산프로필(PG)에 대하여 반경험적인 양자 화학적인 방법인 PM3 법을 이용하여 이론적인 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과로 전자 주기세기 값(4.16116~4.89929)과 친핵도값(9.36261~ 11.0234)이 전자 받기 세기 값(0.00300~0.01527)과 친전자도값(0.94834~1.36541)보다 크다는 것을 얻었다. 프런티어 이론을 이용하여 산화방지제의 반응메커니즘의 이해에서 중요한 라디칼 반응 부위를 예측하였다. 분배함수로 얻어진 엔트로피와 자유에너지를 이용하여 구한각각의 산화방지제와 산소의 반응계에서 엔트로피의 변화량(0.118602~0.178802 kcal/mol/ deg)과 자유에너지의 변화량(-2406.16~-4606.02 kcal/mol)을 얻었으며, 자유에너지의 변화량으로부터 산화방지제와 산소와의 반응은 자발적으로 진행됨을 알았다. 자유에너지의 변화량과 hardness와 선형회귀분석 결과로 좋은 상관관계 (R2=0.98)를 보였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과와 방법은 페놀계 산화방지제의 이해와 새로운 물질의 설계에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료 된다. A theoretical study for dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 2-butylhydroxyanisole(2-BHA), 3-butylhydroxyanisole(3-BHA), tert-butyl -hydroquinone(TBHQ) and propyl gallate (PG), synthetic phenolic antioxidants used as food additives, were investigated using the semi-empirical quantum chemical Parametric Method 3. As a result of the study, it was obtained that the electron donating power (4.16116~4.89929) and nucleophilicity(9.36261~11.0234) were greater than the electron accepting power (0.00300~0.01527) and electrophilicity(0.94834~1.36541). By using the frontier theory, we have predicted the reactive radical reaction sites of the antioxidant. For the reaction between antioxidants and oxygen, we have obtained the amount of change of entropy (0.118602~ 0.178802 kcal/mol/deg) and its of free energy (-2406.16~-4606.02 kcal/mol) and have found the reaction proceeded spontaneously. The change in free energy and hardness showed a good correlation (R2=0.987) as a result of linear regression analysis. These results and methods are expected to help the understanding of phenolic antioxidants and the design of new substances.

척수손상 부위에 따른 체구성 요소 및 에너지 소비량의 차이 비교

김명기(Myoung Ki Kim),강규민(Gyu Min Kang),정석률(Suk Yool Jung),이성기(Sung Ki Lee),김복조(Bok Jo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.43

The purpose of this study was to analysis the difference of body composition, segmental total body water and resting energy expenditure according to spinal cord injury levels. The subjects who were composed of complete quadriplegia and paraplegia patients were tested by using multifriqency and segmental bioelectrical Impedance analysis and Automatic Gas Analyzer. The results were as followings: 1. Total body water(TBW), extracellular water, intracellular water, protein, muscle mass and body cell mass was lower in complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients. There was significant difference between two groups(p<.05). However bone mineral content and % body fat was higher in complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients and has no significant difference between groups. 2. BMI(Body Mass Index), thigh circumference was lower in complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients and % body fat, waist circumference and WTR(Waist-thigh Ratio) parameter was higher in complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients. However there was no significant difference between two groups. 3. segmental total body water(STBW) was lower in complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients. Also it showed significant difference between two groups except left leg(p<.05). 4. The electrical resistance in whole body and at each body part was higher in complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients. Also it showed difference between two groups except lower limbs. 5. Resting oxygen uptake, respriation exchange ratio, fat free mass and resting energy expenditure(REE) was lower complete quadriplegia than paraplegia patients in difference between two groups.

해충관리에서 유전공학의 잠재적 역할

권기상(Kisang Kwon),김복조(Bok Jo Kim),유권(Kweon Yu),권오유(O-Yu Kwon) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.7

유전공학은 대장균의 유전자조작으로부터 시작되어 지금은 생명과학전반에서 급속하게 발전하고 있다. 최근의 유전자조작기술은 특정유전자를 염색체 내에 넣고 빼고 하는 기술이 확립되어서 의학과 농학을 포함한 응용생명과학분야에서 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 높은 친환경성과 경제성을 가진 ‘지배적 치사곤충방사법’(Release of insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal: RIDL)을 중심으로 포괄적인 분자해충관리에 관하여 설명한다. 비록 현재로서는 RIDL을 직접 포장에 적용하기에는 아직 어려운 점이 많지만, 계속적인 유전공학기술의 발전을 통하여 농약을 사용하지 않고 생태계를 교란하지 않는 범위에서 사용될 수 있는 가장 좋은 해충관리방법 중의 한 가지가 될 것이다. 이때에 가장 고려할 점은 주위 환경교란부분에 많은 주의가 요구된다. Genetic engineering, which was started by the E. coli gene manipulation, has led to rapid development in all area of life sciences. Recently, genetic engineering, which is an insertion or a removal technique of a specific gene on chromosomes, has been established and is usefully available in the applied life sciences including medicine and agriculture. In this review, we briefly explain pest management focusing on Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL) that is a highly economic and environment- friendly method of biological pest control. Although at present RIDL confronts many difficulties in applying directly in fields, it will be one of the best methods for the pest management in the near future without pesticides and disturbing ecosystem by the continued development of genetic engineering. However, these powerful techniques must be considered with great care to avoid harm to ecosystem.