Vero E6 조직배양세포에서의 한탄바이러스 증식

김양 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.1

Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) was recognized in Korea for the first time in 1951 during Korean War among United Nations troops although similar diseases to KHF had been reported as Hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis in Russia, as Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in China, as Nephropathia epidemica in Scandinavia and as Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Eastern Europe and in Japan. The etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever was first discovered from lung tissue of Apodemus agrarius by Lee and Lee in 1976 and they had isolated the same agent from KHF patient's sera and had succeeded the propagation of the virus in Apodemus agrarius and the virus was named Hantaan virus after Hantaan river. The etiological relationship had been shown by serologic means among above mentioned similar diseases, and the working group on Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome at a WHO meeting in 1982 recommended the above mentioned diseases with different names should be referred to as "Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)." In 1981, Hantaan virus was successfully propagated in an in vitro system in A549 cells originated from alveolar epithelial cells of human lung cancer, and later in Vero E6 cells originated from African green monkey renal epithelial cells. With the aid of this in vitro growth, the study of virus isolation and morphological and physico-chemical Properties of the virus became easier. This report describes the growth curve of Vero E6 cells and the growth curve of Hantaan virus in Vero E6 cells. The data obtained from tissue culture flasks made in Korea was compared with the data obtained from tissue culture flasks made in U.S.A. The results are summarized as follows. 1. There were no differences in durability and in stability of pH of culture media in tissue culture flasks between U.S. Costar flask and Korean GCMEC flask. The pH of culture media was maintained between 7.1 and 7.6 for 14 days at 5 % CO₂ incubator. 2. Vero E6 cells were propagated well both in Costar and GCMEC tissue culture flasks, and the propagation reached peak level on 3rd day after inoculation. 3. Hantaan virus were propagated well in Vero E6 cells and the maximum yield of virus were on 8th day after inoculation of virus. The maximum infectious unit of virus in tissue culture flask containing media with 5% fetal calf serum was 10^(7-8)/ml, and that in flask containing 5% of 0.4% bovine albumin was 10^(6-7)/ml. There was no difference between the value obtained in Costar and GCMEC flask. 4. 50% of the Vero E6 cells were infected on 3rd day after inoculation of Hantaan virus, and 95% on 5th day.

Reactivity of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds as Polymerization Retarders

김양 한국고분자학회 1978 폴리머 Vol.2 No.5

금속 착물에서 스핀교차

김양 고신대학교 자연과학연구소 2010 고신대학교 자연과학연구소 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

색깔 변화를 수반하는 스핀교차 물질은 디스플레이 장치 개발에 특히 적당하다 광유발 변화 현상은 홀로그래피 장치에 응용할 수 있다. 스핀 교차와 결합시킨 가역적 열변색 현상은 온도문턱을 나타내는 표지(예를 들면, 식품 안전) 로 사용할 수 있다. 적용시킨 압력 하에서 스핀교차 물질의 색깔 변화는 압력의 원격 센서 작용이 색깔 변화의 관찰에 의하여 도달될 수 있는 응용을 위한 압력 센서로 이용할 수 있다. 금속 원자와 관련된 성질(자성, 광학, 전도도, 색깔)과 액정의 성질을 결합시킨 물질(금속메조젠)은 실질적인 응용에 많은 이점을 이끌 수 있다. 예를 들면, 스핀교차 물질을 이용한 앓은 막의 제작, 서로 다른 온도 체제에서 스위치 빚 센서 작용, 혹은 액정을 포함하는 금속에서 광변색 현상과 열변색 현상 등이다. Pin crossover materials accompanying color change are particularly suitable for the development of display devices. The light-induced switching phenomena can be applied in holographic devices. The irreversible thermochroism, which in associated with the spin-crossover, can be employed as tag to indicate a temperature threshold e.g. in food safety. Color change of spin crossover materials under applied pressure may be exploited in pressure sensors for applications where remote sensing of pressure could be achieved by observation of a colour changes. The materials combining properties of liquid crystals with properties associated with metal atoms (magnetism, optics, conductivity, colour, metallomesogens, may lead to a number of advantages in practical applications, for example, the production of thin films with spin crossover materials, switching and sensing in different temperature regimes, or achievement of photo- and thermochroism in metal-containing-liquid crystals.

시론 : 오늘에 되살려야 할 보훈정신

김양 평화문제연구소 2009 통일한국 Vol.306 No.-

중국에서의 한국 의병ㆍ독립운동가들에 대한 선양

김양 의암학회 2006 의암학연구 Vol.3 No.-

조기이민사

김양 의암학회 2007 의암학연구 Vol.4 No.-

평정산 난천자 고려구 의병근거지 재조명

김양 의암학회 2008 의암학연구 Vol.5 No.-

말씀과 신학 : 말씀의 샘 - 주님 가신 고난의 길 / 마가복음 15 : 21 - 32

김양 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2002 활천 Vol.580 No.-

Crystal Structure of Dehydrated Partially Ag$^+$-Exchanged Zeolite A, Ag$_{4.6}Na_{7.4}$-A, Treated with Hydrogen at 350${^{\circ}C}$

김양,Kim Yang,Seff Karl Korean Chemical Society 1985 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.6 No.4

The crystal structure of The crystal structure of $Ag^+$-Exchanged Zeolite A, $Ag_{4.6}Na_{7.4}-A$, dehydrated, treated with $H_2$, and evacuated, all at $350^{\circ}C$, has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Pm3m at $24(1)^{\circ}C;$ a = $12.208(2)\AA.$ The structure was refined to the final error indices R1 = 0.088 and R2 (weighted) = 0.069 using 194 independent reflections for which II_0$ > $3{\sigma}(I_0)$. On threefold axes near the centers of 6-oxygen rings, $7.4 Na^+$ ions and $0.6 Ag^+$ ions are found. Two non-equivalent 8-ring $Ag^+$ ions are found off the 8-ring planes, each containing about $0.6 Ag^+$ ions. Three non-equivalent Ag atom positions are found in the large cavity, each containing about 0.6 Ag atoms. This crystallographic analysis may be interpreted to indicate that $0.6 (Ag_6)^{3+}$ clusters are present in each large cavity. This cluster may be viewed as a nearly linear trisilver molecule $(Ag_3)^0$ (bond lengths, 2.92 and 2.94 $\AA;$ angle, $153^{\circ})$ stabilized by the coordination of each atom to a Ag^+$ ion at 3.30, 3.33, and 3.43 $\AA$, respectively. In addition, one of the silver atoms approaches all of the 0(1) oxygens of a 4-ring at $2.76\AA.$ Altogether $7.4 Na^+$ ions, $1.8 Ag^+$ ions, and 1.8 Ag atoms are located per unit cell. The remaining $1.0 Ag^+$ ion has been reduced and has migrated out of the zeolite framework to form silver crystallites on the surface of the zeolite single crystal.

$Ag^+$ 이온과 $Rb^+$ 이온으로 치환된 제올라이트 A ($Ag^{12-x}Rb_{x}-A$, x = 2 및 3) 를 탈수한 결정구조

김양,송승환,김덕수,한영욱,박동규,Yang Kim,Seong Hwan Song,Duk Soo Kim,Young Wook Han,Dong Kyu Park Korean Chemical Society 1989 대한화학회지 Vol.33 No.1

X-선 단결정법으로 탈수한 $Ag_{9}Rb_{3}-A$ (a = 12.278(2)${\AA}$) 와 $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$ (a = 12.286(2)${\AA}$)의 구조를 입방공간군 Pm3m을 써서 해석하였다. $Ag_{9}Rb_{3}-A$의 구조는 I >3${\sigma}$(I)인 회절반점 291개를 이용하여 $R_1$ = 0.064, $R_2$ = 0.060까지 정밀화 시켰으며 $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$의 구조는 416개의 회절반점을 이용하여 $R_1$ = 0.063, $R_2$ = 0.080까지 정밀화 시켰다. 두 구조 모두 단위세포당 하나의 환원된 은 원자가 소다라이트 동공 내에 있으며 이 환원된 은 원자는 소다라이트 동공 1/6개 마다 $Ag_6$로 존재하든가 혹은 모든 소다라이트 동공마다 4mm 대칭성을 가지는 $(Ag_5)^{4+}$ 클러스터로 존재한다. 그 밖에 탈수한 $Ag_{9}Rb_{3}-A$에서는 8개의 $Ag^+$이온은 6-링 중심 3회 회전축 상에 있으며 3개의 $Rb^+$이온은 8-링 중심 $D_{4h}$ 대칭성을 가지고서 위치하고 있다. 또 탈수한 $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$구조에서는 2개의 다른 6-링 $Ag^+$ 이온 즉 7개의 $Ag^+$ 이온은 6-링 평면상에 위치하고 1개의 $Ag^+$이온은 소다라이트 동공 내에 위치한다. 두 개의 서로 다른 8-링 양이온이 있으며 두 개의 $Rb^+$이온은 8-링 중심에 위치하였고 1개의 $Ag^+$이온은 8-링에서 0.1$\AA$ 만큼 큰 동공 쪽으로 이동하여 위치한다. 두 구조에서 보면 $Ag^+$이온은 6-링 위치에 $Rb^+$ 이온은 8-링 위치에 우선적으로 위치한다. Two crystal structures of dehydrated $Ag^+$ and $Rb^+$ exchanged zeolite A, stoichiometries of $Ag_{9}Rb_{3}-A$ (a = 12.278(2)${\AA}$) and $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$ (a = 12.286(2)${\AA}$) per unit cell, have been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. Their structures were solved and refined in the cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1)$^{\circ}$C. The crystals of $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$ and $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$ were prepared by flow methods using exchanged solution in which mole ratios of AgNO$_3$ and RbNO$_3$ were 1:5 and 1:50, respectively, with the total concentration of 0.05 M. The structures of the dehydrated $Ag_{9}Rb_{3}-A$ and the $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$ were refined to the final error indices, $R_1$ = 0.064 and $R_2$ = 0.060 with 291 reflections, and $R_1$ = 0.063 and $R_2$ = 0.080 with 416 reflections respectively, for which I >3${\sigma}$(I). In both structures, one reduced silver atom per unit cell was found inside the sodalite cavity. It may be present as a hexasilver cluster in 1/6 of the sodalite units or as an isolated Ag atom coordinated to 4 $Ag^+$ ions in each sodalite unit to give $(Ag_5)^{4+}$, symmetry 4 mm. In the structure of dehydrated $Ag_{9}Rb_{3}-A$, 8 $Ag^+$ ions lie on the threefold axis and each is nearly at the center of the 8-rings at the sites of $D_{4h}$ symmetry. In the structure of dehydrated $Ag_{10}Rb_{2}-A$, two crystallographically different eight 6-ring $Ag^+$ ions were found; $7Ag^+$ ions in the (111) planes of their O(3) framework oxygens and one $Ag^+$ ion inside of sodalite cavity. Two crystallographically different 8-ring cations were also found; two $Rb^+$ ions at the centers of the 8-oxygen rings and one $Ag^+$ ion into the large cavity. Both structures indicate that $Rb^+$ ions prefer to occupy the 8-ring sites, while $Ag^+$ ions prefer to occupy the 6-ring sites.