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18세기 초 제주목사 이형상의 제주사회 인식과 시정개혁
김동전 제주대학교 인문과학연구소 2022 인문학연구 Vol.32 No.-
Lee Hyung-sang served as a governor of Jeju Island for a full year from March 25, the 28th year of King Sukjong (1702) to March of the 29th year of King Sukjong (1703). He was very interested in reinforcing national defense to protect Joseon from foreign invasions, recognizing the outlying areas like Jeju as ‘the fence of Joseon’. Meanwhile, he wanted to improve the quality of life of local residents through efficient local administration. During the period of his service as the governor of Jeju, he reported 『Tamna Janggyecho』 and 『Jejuminmakjang』 to the central government and tried to correct the socio-economic negatives of Jeju society. First, He wanted to create an environment to live Jeju people’s comfortable life by reducing the service of shepherds, catchers, and young women, which have been pointed out as old evils of Jeju, boosting the morale of the soldiers who are working hard to defend Jeju, resolving insufficient government security expenses, and providing official ships for trade purposes. Next, in order to solve the negative effects of the horse-horse trade, the use of horses for personal cultivation was strongly prohibited, and a new ranch was established in search of an optimal place for horse production. Furthermore, measures were prepared for the revitalization of the Udo ranch, and the illegality of the Tuchae Ship anchored in Udo to collect abalone and plunder horses was corrected. Lastly, by strengthening the confucian education of Confucian scholars and local children, the promotion of confucianism in Jeju and Confucian-style national rituals were actively encouraged. 이 논문은 제주목사 이형상이 재임기간인 숙종 28년(1702) 3월부터 숙종 29년(1703) 3월까지 제주의 사회경제적 폐단과 오래된 폐습과 관련된 시정개혁을 살펴본 것이다. 이형상은 사회경제적 상황 등 각종 현안을 『탐라장계초』와 『제주민막장』으로 철저하게 분석하여 그 대안을 제시하였다. 먼저, 제주의 오래된 폐단으로 지목되어 온 목자・포작・잠녀역의 감면 방안, 군사 요새인 제주 방어를 위한 군인들의 사기진작, 관아경비의 절대적 부족 해결, 진상과 교역 용도의 관아 선박 마련을 통해 제주인들이 안업할 수 있는 환경을 조성하고자 하였다. 다음으로 마정의 폐단을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 답전・팔양・남기・재복・ 모경의 폐단을 강력하게 금지하였고, 황자장 설치로 양마 생산을 통해 목마업을 진흥시키고자 하였다. 우도 목장의 활성화를 위한 대책 마련과 우도에 정박하여 불법적인 전복 채취와 말을 약탈하는 투채선의 폐단을 시정하였다. 마지막으로 제주 유학의 진흥과 사전 변통에 관련된 것으로 유생과 지방자제들의 유학교육을 강화하였고, 유교식 국가의례를 권장하기 위하여 삼성사 건립, 풍운뇌우제 폐지, 한라산제 사전 등록과 유교식 의례화, 제주 양자 계승의 걸림돌이었던 작목 폐지, 무격배의 폐습과 음사 철폐 등을 단행하였다.
김동전 서울대학교 비교문화연구소 2000 비교문화연구 Vol.6 No.1
The documents found in Yabu(屋部) village, Okinawa, Japan may be classified into four categories: funeral and ancestor worship, family history, local history, and court records. Most of them are the documents regarding funerals and ancestor worship ceremonies since the 19th century. The list of givers and gifts including money was recorded in these documents. There are also the documents of family and local history, which were recorded for common people to move toward the aristocratic class during Meiji era. In those days, furthermore, when a family had a misfortune, they came to believe that they had neglected the worship of their ancestors. Such an idea made them record the oral family history; The efforts to link one’s ancestor with the king of Ryukyu resulted in recording the oral local history. Particularly, the court records of January 19, 1881 (Meiji's 18th year) were about the disputes of land ownership between Fugu (久護) family and common villagers. They show that commoners tried to increase their interests when the influences of the bureaucratic class such as Fugu family in Ryukyu were weakened by the annexation of Ryukyu to Japan in 1879.