Pellet 사료에 관한 연구 제6보 Pellet 사료의 제조온도가 Broiler 의 성장율 , 사료효율 , 탈모 및 피부착색에 미치는 영향

곽종형 ( C H Kwack ),이경산 ( K S Rhee ) 한국축산학회 1973 한국축산학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of pellet processing temperature on the growth rate, diet intake, feed efficiency, depilation, pigmentation and mortality of broiler chicks. The number of birds used were 240 (male:120, female: 120. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Growth rate was not affected by the pelleting temperature for the male chicks but was decreased in proportion to the increase of temperature for the female chicks. 2. Diet intake was increased in accordance with the decrease of pelleting temperature for the malt chicks. However, for the female chicks diet intake was not affected by the pelleting temperature. 3. Feed efficiency was not affected by the pelleting temperature for both male chicks and female chicks 4. Depilation was found to be higher degree for the male chicks than for the female chicks.. However, the increase of depilation observed by the male chicks was affected by the canibalism. 5. Pigmentation was not different by the sex of chicks and pelleting temperature. 6. Mortality was not detected in all treatments and health condition of chicks was good throughout the experimental period.

볏짚의 과산화수소처리가 젖소의 반추위내 건물 소실율 및 분해특성에 미치는 영향

곽종형(C . H . Kwack),김훈회(H . H . Kim),윤상기(S . G . Yun),김현섭(H . S . Kim),권응기(U . G . Kwon),김재황(J . H . Kim),유성오(S . O . Yoo) 한국영양사료학회 1995 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

우리나라 남부지방의 사슴사육 실태조사

곽종형(C . H . Kwack),강대진(D . J . Kang),안병홍(B . H . Ahn) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.8

This survey was carried out to investigate the feeding situation of Sika deer, Red deer and Elk raised in the southern district of Korea. Herd size of deer investigated was divided into two groups of above 10 heads and below 10 heads. Questionnaire and inquiry were carried out simultaneously. The results obtained are as follows. 1. As for the educational background of deer farm owners, high school graduates were above 78% and owners averaged 8.52 years in deer farm management. 2. In the management type, 29% of owners specialized in a deer industry and 71% of owners kept deer farming as a side line. 3. Among breeds of deer raised, Sika deer(84.10%), was the principal breed and average number of deer per farm was 26.6 heads. 4. Rations for growing cattle were fed most frequently as concentrates for deer. Native grasses and leaves of trees were offered largely as roughages. During the winter season, kudzu hay, alfalfa cube and acacia leaf hay were mainly offered. 5. Male Sika deer consumed 2.02 to 2.52㎏ of feed daily and took 0.30 to 0.45㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 174.6 to 193.6㎉. Female Sika deer consumed 1.63 to 2.46㎏ of feed daily and took 0.24 to 0.44㎏ cf crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 190.3 to 248.5㎉. Sika deer consumed less feed and nutrients during the winter season than during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. 6. Male Red deer consumed 3.41 to 3.91㎏ of feed daily and took 0.56 to 0.70㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 185 to 195㎉. Female Red deer consumed 2.78 to 3.48㎏ of feed daily and took 0.43 to 0.63㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 194 to 211㎉. Red deer consumed less feed and nutrients during the winter season than during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. 7. Male Elk consumed 6.41 to 8.29㎏ of feed daily and took 1.17 to 1.18㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 194 to 236㎉ and EIk took more energy during the winter season than during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. Female EIk consumed 7.76 to 7.77㎏ of feed daily and took 1.10 to 1.23㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size was 254㎉. 8. About 50% of deer farms has a holding pen and diarrhea was the most frequently occurred disease. 9. The amount of velvet production from an adult deer per year was 0.88㎏ in Sika deer, 2.31㎏ in Red deer and 9.84㎏ in EIk. The amount of blood shed in case of harvesting velvet was 699㎖ in Sika deer, 1,369 ㎖ in Red deer and 2,685㎖ in Elk. According to the above results, it may be concluded that the moderate herd size for raising. deer is 40 heads for Sika deer, 20 heads for Red deer and 10 heads for EIk. Feeds used in example 1 to 12 were approximately adequate to the energy and protein requirements for deer by breeds, body weight and sex during four seasons. However, in the calcium and phosphorus contents shown in example l to 12, it needs to draw an attention that phosphorus content of ration was slightly lower than the requirement.

우리나라 중부지방의 사슴사육 실태조사

곽종형(C . H . Kwack),강대진(D . J . Kang),안병홍(B . H . Ahn),송준익(J . I . Song) 한국영양사료학회 1994 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

아미노산 첨가수준에 따른 산란계용 사료의 단백질 절약효과

곽종형,강대진,고영두,하정기,한인규,김성겸 ( C . H . Kwack,D . J . Kang,Y . D . Ko,J . K . Ha,In K . Han,S . K . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.6

To investigate the protein sparing effect of DL-methionine and L-lysin on the laying hen ration, the present experiment with a total of 288 hens (Hi-sex commercial hens) was carried out for a period of 14 weeks (23-36 weeks). In this experiment 8 treatments ((1) control, CP 16%; (2) basal, CP 14% (3)basal +L-lysine 0.1% ; (4) basal+L-lysine 0.2% ; (5) basal+DL-methionine 0.1 % ; (6) basal+DL-methionine 0.2%; (7) basal+L-lysine 0.1%+DL-methionine 0.1 %; and (8) basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2%) were employed. Metabolism trial was conducted at the end of feeling trial. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The highest egg production was obtained from the group of basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2% and the lowest from the group of basil +L-lysine 0.2%. But no statistically significant difference was found among all the treatments. 2. The heaviest egg weight was obtained from the group of basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2% and the lightest was obtained from basal+L-lysine 0. 1%. But no significant difference was found among all the treatments. 3 . In feed intake, significant (p$lt;0.05) differences were found among treatment groups. Higher feed consumptions were generally resulted from the groups supplemented with L-lysine and/or DL-methionine. 4. Best, feed efficiency was obtained from control group, and the worst from the group of basal+L-lysine 0.1%+DL-methionine 0.1%. But no significant difference was found among all the treatments. 5. Nutrient utilization was not affected by supplementation with L-lysine and/or DL-methionine. 6. Feed cost per Kg egg mass production was in order of basal, basal +L-lysine 0.1%, basal+L-methionine 0.1%, basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2%, control, basal+L-lysine 0.2%, basal+L-lysine 0.1%+DLmethionine 0.1%, and basal+DL-methionine 0.2%. Therefore, based on the results of this experiment, it is concluded that supplementation of L-Lysine and DL -Methionine at the level of 0.2% respectively with the basal ration(14% protein) would be able to spare 2% dietary protein.

양계용에너지 사료로서 고구마의 이용에 관한 연구 제1보 옥수수대치사료로서 고구마 펠릿트의 급여수준

곽종형,안병홍 ( Chong H . Kwack,Byung H . Ahn ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The feeding value and maximum available level of sweet potato as a substitute for corn in the chick diets, which was formed in either all-mash or pellet, were studied. Thirty day-old female chicks of Stareross 288 were alloted into 12 lots fed on either mash or pellet with sweet potato to the level up to 30% of chick diets. All the experimental diets were formulated to contain iso-calorie and iso-protein. For the feeding periods of 0 to 7 weeks, 8 to 14 weeks and 0 to 14 weeks, the body wt. gain, feed intake, feed conversion and feed economy were observed and the efficiency of nutrients utilization of different diets was also examined at the end of feeding period. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight gain of chicks were found significantly more in pelleted diet than in all-mash diet for the feeding periods of 0 to 7 weeks and 0 to 14 weeks. However, the body wt. gain was not significantly different between the substitute levels of sweet potato for any feeding period. For the period of 0 to 7 weeks the chicks fed pelleted diet with 30% sweet potato got significantly more body wt. gain than the chicks fed all-mash diet without sweet potato. 2. The feed intake of chicks were found significantly more in pelleted diet than in all-mash diet for the feeding period of 0 to 7 weeks and 0 to 14 weeks. However, the feed intake of chicks was not significantly different between the levels of sweet potato of the diets. Feed conversion of chicks fed pelleted diet was similar to that of chicks fed all-mash diet. The feed conversion of chicks fed all-mash or pelleted diet containing 30% sweet potato was worse than that of chicks fed all-mash diet without sweet potato. 3. The chicks fed all-mash or pelleted diet with the different substitute levels of sweet potato for corn were similar in the efficiency of nutrient utilization, which was determined at the end of feeding period, such as dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extracts of the diet. 4. The feed cost required for 1㎏ body wt. gain of the chicks fed pelleted diet was similar to that of the chicks fed all-mash diet. The diets containing the higher levels of sweet potato was found a slightly more expensive for 1㎏. body wt. groin of chicks. From the above results, it is concluded that the substitute of sweet potato for corn up to 25% in pelleted diet is more profitable, comparing with all-mash diet containing 60% corn only, if the sweet potato meal were home-produced.

메치오닌 및 라이신의 첨가로 인한 산란계용 대추사료의 단백질 절약효과

곽종형,김성겸,한인규 ( Chong Hyung Kwack,Seong K . Kim,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.4

To investigate the protein sparring effect of ㎗-methionine and ℓ-lysine on the egg type pullet ration, this experiment with a total of 288 Hisex strain pullets was carried out for a period of 8 weeks (15-22 weeks), 8 treatments of (1) control, CP l4%, (2) basal, CP 12%, (3) basal + lysine 0.1 %, (4) basal + lysine 0.2 %, (5) basal + methio;nine 0.1 %g (6) basal + methionine 0.2%, (7) basal + lysine 0.1 % + methionine 0.1 %, (8) basal + lysine 0.2% + methionine 0.2% with 3 replicates were employed in this experiment. Metabolism trial was conducted at the end of feeding trial. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. Body gain was higher in the basal treatment than in other treatments. However, there were no significant differences on body weight gain among treatments. 2. Birds fed the basal ration consumed less feed than birds fed the control ration and lysine and methionine supplemented ration. However, no significant differences were found on diet intake among treatments. Feed efficiency was more improved in the lysine + methionine 0.2% treatment than in other treatments. However, there were no significant differences on feed efficiency among treatments. 3. In the nutrients utilization, utilization of dry matter and crude protein was higher in the lysine 0.1 % + methionine 0.1 % and lysine 0.2% + methionine 0.2% treatments than in other treatments. 4. In the economical analysis, feed cost required for ㎏ body gain was lowest in the basal treatment and next in the lysine 0.2% and lysine 0.2% + methionine 0.2% treatments. Therefore, based on the results of this experiment, it is concluded that basal treatment (CP 12%) was most profitable among treatments during the period of pullet (I 5-22 weeks) and next in order of lysine 0.2%, lysine 0.2% + methionine 0.2% and lysine 0.1% + methionine 0.1 % treatments, respectively.

Pellet 사료에 관한 연구 제4보 영양수준을 달리한 펠릿트 사료가 부로일러의 체조성에 미치는 영향

곽종형,한인규 ( C . H . Kwack,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of plane of nutrition by pellet ration on the body composition of broiler chicks. Content of protein and energy in low plane (Low) was 18% and 2,200㎉/㎏, respectively, and that of medium plane (Medium) was 20% and 2,650㎉/㎏, and that of high plane (High) was 22% and 3,100㎉/㎏, respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Dry matter content of chicks increased as the level of dietary protein and dietary energy increased. However, there was no significant difference among three treatments. 2. In the body composition of wet basis, moisture content of chicks increased as the level of dietary protein and dietary energy decreased. On the contrary, fat content increased as the level of dietary energy increased. However, content of calcium and phosphorus in the chick bodyes was not affected by the plane of nutrition. 3. In the body composition of dried basis, body protein content increased as the level of dietary protein decreased. On the contrary, body fat content increased as the level of dietary energy increased. However, there was no difference in the content of calcium and phosphorus by the plane of nutrition. 4. Calorific value of the chick tissue fed pellet ration was not influenced by the level of dietary protein and dietary energy.

Pellet 사료에 관한 연구 제 9 보 Pellet 사료 ( 제조온도 70℃ ) 와 All - mash 사료가 Broiler 의 체조성에 미치는 영향

곽종형,한인규,이경산 ( C . H . Kwack,I . K . Han,K . S . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1974 한국축산학회지 Vol.16 No.2

To compare the effect of pelleted ration and all-mash ration containing isoprotein and isocalorie (20%-2650 ㎉/㎏) on the body composition of broiler chicks, this experiment was carried out. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between pelleted ration and all-mash ration on the dry matter content of chicks. 2. In the body composition on wet or dried basis, chicks fed pelleted ration contained significantly (P$lt;0.01) more fat than those fed all-mash ration. On the other hand, the protein, ash and calcium contents were significantly (P$lt;0.01) higher in the chicks fed all-mash ration than in the chicks fed pelleted ration. 3. Female chicks contained significantly (P$lt;0.05) more fat than male but the contents of protein and calcium was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher in the male chicks than in the female chicks. 4. However, phosphorus content of chicks on the wet basis was not affected by ration or sex of birds. On the dried basis, chicks fed all-mash ration contained significantly (P$lt;0.01) more phosphorus than chicks fed pelleted ration did. 5. Caloric value of the chick tissues fed pelleted ration was significantly (P$lt;0.01) higher than that of chicks fed all-mash ration on the wet or dried basis.

고령토의 사료적가치에 관한 연구 1 . 고령토의 첨가수준이 병아리의 사료효율및 경제생산에 미치는 영향

곽종형,안병홍,하정기,강대진 ( Chong Hyung Kwack,Byung Hong Ahn,Jeung Key Ha,Dae Jin Kang ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of kaolin supplementation from 1 % to 6 % on the performance of egg type chickens of babcock. The results obtained were as follows 1. Body gain of chicken fed the different levels of kaolin was not affected by the levels of kaolin supplementation. There was no difference on the body gain between control treatment and kaolin-supplemented treatments, and between kaolin-supplemented treatments. 2. Feed intake of chicken fed the different levels of kaolin was slightly increased as the levels of kaolin supplementation were increased. However, there were no statistical differences between treatments. 3. Feed conversion of chicken fed the different levels of kaolin was slightly decreased as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher. However no statistical differences were found out on the feed conversion between treatments. 4. In the economical analysis, total feed cost was slightly higher as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher. Feed cost required per ㎏ body gain was slightly decreased till the 3 % supplementation of kaolin and greatly increased above 4 % supplementation of kaolin. Feed cost of the kaolin-supplemented treatments was slightly higher compared with that of control-treatment.