`78 지방행정에 바란다 / 김동훈

김동훈 대한지방행정공제회 1978 地方行政 Vol.27 No.292

Evaporated Liquid Nitrogen-Induced Asphyxia: A Case Report

김동훈,이형종 대한의학회 2008 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.23 No.1

A 27-yr-old postgraduate student was found lying at the floor of an unsealed underground dry area, where a valve-opened empty cylinder of liquid nitrogen (150 L) was connected to a cap-removed empty Dewar-flask (10 L) via a copper infusion tube. No injury was found externally or internally. There were petechiae in the bilateral conjunctivae and periorbital skin. The dry area, measuring 300×130×260 cm, had a communication to the basement of the research building by a window measuring 90×60 cm in size at 130 cm above the floor. The scene reconstruction and atmosphere gas analysis revealed that the O2 concentration at 60 cm above the base dropped to 12.0% in 3 min and 10 sec, 10.0% in 8 min and 53 sec, 6.0% in 18 min and 40 sec, and 4.2% in 20 min and 28 sec. The primary cause of death was asphyxia by evaporated liquid nitrogen.

Stress-induced Alterations in Mast Cell Numbers and Proteinaseactivated Receptor-2 Expression of the Colon: Role of Corticotrophin-releasing Factor

김동훈,조영주,김장희,김영배,이광재 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.9

This study was performed in order to assess whether acute stress can increase mast cell and enterochromaffin (EC) cell numbers, and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) expression in the rat colon. In addition, we aimed to investigate the involvement of corticotrophinreleasing factor in these stress-related alterations. Eighteen adult rats were divided into 3experimental groups: 1) a saline-pretreated non-stressed group, 2) a saline-pretreated stressed group, and 3) an astressin-pretreated stressed group. The numbers of mast cells, EC cells, and PAR2-positive cells were counted in 6 high power fields. In proximal colonic segments, mast cell numbers of stressed rats tended to be higher than those of nonstressed rats, and their PAR2-positive cell numbers were significantly higher than those of non-stressed rats. In distal colonic segments, mast cell numbers and PAR2-positive cell numbers of stressed rats were significantly higher than those of non-stressed rats. Mast cell and PAR2-positive cell numbers of astressin-pretreated stressed rats were significantly lower than those of saline-pretreated stressed rats. EC cell numbers did not differ among the three experimental groups. Acute stress in rats increases mast cell numbers and mucosal PAR2 expression in the colon. These stress-related alterations seem to be mediated by release of corticotrophin-releasing factor.

대장과 직장의 신경내분비암종

김동훈,이우용,윤해란,최영철,조용범,윤성현,김희철,전호경 대한대장항문학회 2009 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review our experience with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon and rectum to highlight the clinical and pathological characteristics in this relatively uncommon malignancy. Methods: From December 1995 to December 2006, 11 patients with NEC were identified from our database of 6,143 colorectal cancer patients (0.18%), which does not include carcinoid tumors. The pathology was retrospectively reviewed and the tumors were categorized as pure NEC, including well-differentiated NEC (n=3), poorly-differentiated (n=3) and mixed endocrine/ exocrine tumor (n=5) on the basis of the histology and immunohistochemical findings. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 yr (range, 37 to 69 yr). The tumors were located as follows: 8 in the colon and 3 in the rectum. The diagnosis of NEC was suggested preoperatively from the tissue biopsy in 2 of 9 patients (22.2%). The tumors were advanced at the time of diagnosis, with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III (n=7) and Stage IV disease (n=4). Most tumors stained positive by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin (7/9, 77.8%); however, chromogranin was expressed in 4 of 9 NEC tumors (44.4%). Metastatic disease was detected at the time of diagnosis in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients. The median survival for NEC was 16 mo (3.6-67.4 mo), and for pure NEC and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor was 4.1 mo and 23.6 mo, respectively. Conclusion: NEC had distinctive cytoarchitectural features and was often immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers. Our findings showed that pure NEC had aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to review our experience with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon and rectum to highlight the clinical and pathological characteristics in this relatively uncommon malignancy. Methods: From December 1995 to December 2006, 11 patients with NEC were identified from our database of 6,143 colorectal cancer patients (0.18%), which does not include carcinoid tumors. The pathology was retrospectively reviewed and the tumors were categorized as pure NEC, including well-differentiated NEC (n=3), poorly-differentiated (n=3) and mixed endocrine/ exocrine tumor (n=5) on the basis of the histology and immunohistochemical findings. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 yr (range, 37 to 69 yr). The tumors were located as follows: 8 in the colon and 3 in the rectum. The diagnosis of NEC was suggested preoperatively from the tissue biopsy in 2 of 9 patients (22.2%). The tumors were advanced at the time of diagnosis, with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III (n=7) and Stage IV disease (n=4). Most tumors stained positive by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin (7/9, 77.8%); however, chromogranin was expressed in 4 of 9 NEC tumors (44.4%). Metastatic disease was detected at the time of diagnosis in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients. The median survival for NEC was 16 mo (3.6-67.4 mo), and for pure NEC and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor was 4.1 mo and 23.6 mo, respectively. Conclusion: NEC had distinctive cytoarchitectural features and was often immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers. Our findings showed that pure NEC had aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis.

불안의 항변권과 매수인의 대금지급거절권의 비교 - 대상판결 : 대법원 2006. 10. 26. 선고 2004다24106, 24113 판결

김동훈 국민대학교 법학연구소 2007 법학논총 Vol.20 No.1

본 판결에서 핵심적인 논점은 이행거절권의 실질적 요건이 갖추어진 경우에 선이행의무자는 이행거절권을 행사하지 않고 이행기를 도과하여도 이행지체책임을 면하는가이다. 대상판결은 종래의 판례의 입장을 추종하여 “이행거절의 의사를 구체적으로 밝히지 아니하여도 이행거절의 권능의 자체로 이행지체의 책임은 발생하지 않는다.”고 한다. 그러나 이행의무자의 불안에 기초한 이행거절권 성립의 모호성과 유동성을 고려할 때 이행의무자는 자신의 이행기에 즈음하여 이행거절의 의사를 상대방에게 표시하여야 하는 것이 원칙이라고 보아야 할 것이다. 다만 상대방의 이행이 곤란할 상황의 심각성에 비례하여 거절의사의 표명의 구체성은 다소 완화될 수는 있을 것이다. 나아가 대상판결은 이행거절권은 근거로서 제536조 제2항의 불안의 항변권과 제588조의 대금지급거절권을 병렬적으로 제시하였다. 본고에서는 이에 관해 몇 가지 점에서 분석을 시도하여 보았다. 무엇보다 양 제도가 다 반대급부의 확정적 취득에 대한 불안의 해소를 위한 것이라는 점에서 공통의 기반을 가지고 있으며 이것은 양 제도의 운영에 있어서 서로 참고가 되는바, 불안의 항변권의 해석과 운용에 있어 대금지금거절권이 명시하는 ‘위험의 한도’나 불안의 해소로서 ‘담보제공’ 등의 법리가 고려되는 것은 그 대표적인 예라고 할 것이다. Das gegenständige Urteil behandelt einen Rückgabeanspruch des Käufers von schon bezahlten Verzugszinzen. Der Käufer behauptet er hatte das Recht, Bezahlung des Kaufpreises zu verweigern, weil der Verkäufer ihn sehr unsicher machte, ob der Verkäufer seine Leistung erfüllen konnte. Der Hauptpunkt heisst ob wer Unsicherheitseinrede ausüben will, seinen Willen erklären sollte, oder automatisch seine Verweigerungsrecht entstheht. Im Gengensatz zu dem Urteil behauptet der Aufsatz, dass die Unklarheit der Voraussetzungen der Unsicherheitseinrede benötigt eine klare Offenbarung, seine Vorleistungspflicht zu verweigern. Ausserdem verweist das Urteil als noch einen Grund Kaufpreisverweigerungsrecht des Käufers, das über eine römischen Institution, dh. "exceptio evictionis imminentis" zurückgeht. Der Aufsatz analysiert Verhältniss von beiden Ansprüchen und beschlisst, dass beide gleicherweise auf Erlöschung der Unsicherheit wurzeln.

고로슬래그미분말을 혼입한 콘크리트의 염분침투성에 미치는 압축하중의 영향

김동훈,임남기,호리구치 다카시 한국건축시공학회 2009 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.9 No.6

The analysis of the effect of loading on chloride penetration into concrete is very important. In this study, we confirmed that the chloride penetration rates for plain and BFS concrete were increased by 47% and 89% under compressive stress, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of BFS concrete was lower than for conventional concrete with no BFS, no loads, and under stressed states. Therefore, BFS substitution plays an important role in the repression of chloride penetration even under compressive stress. Under compressive stress,the diffusion coefficient for BFS concrete was higher with increasing stress, and this was also the case for plain concrete. However, BFS concrete was strongly influenced by compressive stress in comparison to plain concrete. We investigated the effect ofthe difference of specific surfaces on the diffusion coefficient. As a result, the larger specific surface of BFS exhibited a lower diffusion coefficient. This tendency was most pronounced under the high stress conditions. 하중을 고려한 염분침투성의 평가가 대단히 중요한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 압축응력하에서 Plain콘크리트에서는 47%정도, BFS콘크리트에서는 89%정도 증가 하는 것으로 나타났다. 무하중 상태에서 BFS를 혼입한 콘크리트의 확산계수가 BFS 무혼입 콘크리트에 비해 적은 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 영향은 압축응력이 발생하는 환경하에서도 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 압축응력이 작용하는 환경 하에서 BFS콘크리트는 Plain콘크리트와 같이 하중의 증가와 함께 확산계수가 증가하는 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한, Plain콘크리트에 비해 압축하중의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 확인 되었다. BFS의 비표면적이 높을수록 확산계수가 작은 것으로 확인되었고, 이러한 경향은 고응력 환경에서 현저히 나타나는 것이 확인되었다. BFS의 치환율이 증가할수록 확산계수가 작은 것이 확인되었다. 또한, 압축응력이 작용하는 환경 하에서 BFS의 치환에 의한 염분침투성의 억제 효과가 더욱 더 현저히 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다.

행복한 시지푸스와 마지막 살의 그리움— 하이데거 예술철학 소고

김동훈 서울대학교 독일어문화권연구소 2006 독일어문화권연구 Vol.15 No.-

In dieser Abhandlung versucht der Verfasser Heideggers Kunstphilosophie zu erklären, indem er die darin benutzten Methoden gründlich untersucht und damit den wesentlichen Inhalt des Heideggerschen Ansatze in neues Licht für die Interpretation bringt. Nach ihm muss man die Phänomenologische Destruktion als Methode ernst nehmen. Denn diese Methode wurde nicht nur in dem Aufsatz „Ursprung des Kunstwerkes“, sondern immer als wesentliche Methode der Philosophie Heideggers im Ganzen seiner Philosophie benutzt. Der hermeneutische Zirkel, der auch von Heidegger selbst als wesentliche Methode seiner Philosophie geschildert wurde, steht mit der phänomenologischen Destruktion im wesentlichen Zusammenhang. Denn der hermeneutische Zirkel setzt voraus, dass sich das Vorverständnis des Interpretierenden auf die Tradition der Philosophie gründet, die Gegenstand der phänomenologischen Destruktion ist. Der Verfasser hat dann versucht, aufgrund dieser Betrachtung der Methoden Heideggers Kunstphilosophie gründlich unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Dabei handelt es sich hauptsächlich darum, Heideggers These, dass das Wesen der Kunst das ‘Sich-ins-Werk-Setzen der Wahrheit’ sei, genau zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass Heidegger seine Kunstphilosophie nicht auf traditionellen Thesen wie ‘Das Wesen der Kunst ist die Mimesis’, ‘Das Wesen der Kunst findet sich im Begriff der Schönheit’, sondern auf seine eigene Philosophie gründet, nämlich die Fundamentalontologie bzw. Seinsphilosophie, die er in seiner ganzen philosophischen Laufbahn immer wieder versuchte zu begründen. Damit erklärt sich die Originalität der Heideggerschen Kunstphilosophie. Im Übrigen kann sie als eine theoretische Grundlage fungieren, um den neuesten Trend der Kunst zu erklären. Denn die Kunst im 20. Jahrhundert, z. B. die abstrakte Malerei, ist durch die traditionellen Erklärungen nur schwer zu erfassen, aber durch Heideggers These gut zu interpretieren und zu erklären.

An Empirical Analysis of Market Power in The Dallas-Forth Worth Milk Market

김동훈 국제지역학회 2010 국제지역연구 Vol.14 No.3

In this paper, we develop a dynamic structural model based on a dynamic supergame and measure market power for the Dallas-Forth Worth fluid milk market in the U.S. In particular, we compare the conduct parameter estimates from a static model with that from the dynamic model and illustrate bias in the market-power measure in a static model. And we also analyze the cyclical behavior of firm conduct. We find that the conduct parameter in a static model underestimates true market power if firms’ behaviors are posited by a dynamic oligopoly game. We also verify that firm conduct in the Dallas-Forth Worth fluid milk market is countercyclical against demand shocks and expected future cost shocks. Our results indicate that the firms’ conduct in the Dallas-Forth Worth fluid milk market is consistent with what dynamic oligopoly models predict. This implies that the firms consider not only the contemporary reactions of the other firms’ but also future market competition. Therefore, the measurement of market power requires the specification of fully dynamic pricing relationship.

고순도 Aluminum 에 있어서 가공경화가 활성화 Energy 에 미치는 영향

김동훈,황성현,이병휘 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1969 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.6 No.4

99.9% 純度의 aluminum 試片을 加工硬化度에 따라서 恢復에 必要한 活成化 energy를 測定해 보았다. 4.75 ㎜ 直經의 aluminum捧을 10%, 20% 및 29%로 冷間壓縮加工을 實施하여 最終길이가 均一한 6 ㎜로 되게끔 하였다. 10% 및 29% 試片에 對하여 240∼330℃ 溫度區間에서 한時間 간격으로 isochronal annealing을 實施한 hardness data로부터 再結晶溫度가 304℃ 및 285℃ 임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 isochronal annealing을 290℃, 310℃, 및 330℃에서 實施한 結果 恢復에 必要한 活性化 energy는 각각 29,600㎈/㏖, 25,200㎈/㏖ 및 25,200㎈/㏖을 얻을 수 있었다. The effect of plastic deformation on the activation energy of recovery and recrystalization temperature of 99.9% purity polycrystalline Aluminum was investigated. The 10%, 20% and 29% cold compressed aluminum specimen were prepared from 4.75 ㎜ diameter cold drawn rod. From the hardness data obtained by isochronal annealing of one hour between the temperature range of 240℃-330℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, the recrystallization temperatures for 10% and 29% cold compressed were measured to be 304℃ and 285℃ respectively. On the other hand, from the hardness data obtained by isothermal annealing at the temperature range of 290℃-330℃, the activation energy of recovery for 10%, 20% and 29% cold compressed were deduced as 29,600, 25,200 and 22,500 ㎈/㏖ respectively. The activation energy of recovery can be expressible in linear equation in terms of the stored energy of plastic deformation.

The Effect of Cryoprotectants on the Survival and In Vitro-Growth of Cryopreserved Mouse Preantral Follicles

김동훈,정덕수,임현주,임기선,이휘철,성환후 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.2

The aim of this study was to examine more effective cryoprotectant for the cryopreservation of mouse preantral follicles. Enzymetically isolated preantral follicles from 12-day-old mice were cryopreserved by a slow freezing protocol with 1.5 M propanediol (PROH), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or glycerol (GLY) and then grown and matured in vitro for 11 days after thawing. The survival of preantral follicles immediately after freezing and thawing was not different among the PROH (68.2%), DMSO (72.4%) and GLY (72.1%). After grown and matured in vitro, the rates of survival and metaphase II oocytes were 54.9% and 36.6% for PROH which was significantly higher rates (p<0.05) compared with the rates obtained from DMSO (16.9% and 9.0%) and GLY (16.3% and 7.5%). The diameter of metaphase II oocytes from preantral follicles frozen in PROH (67.4±1.8 μm) was significantly (p<0.05) smaller than that of the fresh preantral follicles (69.1±2.3 μm). The results from the present study revealed that PROH is more suitable cryoprotectant for the cryopreservation of mouse preantral follicles.