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NATE터널의 갱문 가시설 배후 균열에 따른 조치 및 보강사례
길호언,김진흥,유재성,차복남,Kil, Ho-Un,Kim, Jin-Hong,Yoo, Jai-Sung,Cha, Bok-Nam (사)한국토질및기초기술사회 2006 기술발표회 Vol.2006 No.-
The Tunnel portal is designed on temporary support system which is composed by 28m height H-Pile method and Ground Anchor method. The tunnel has excavated about 30m from the portal, but some deformation is found on the surface ground just above the tunnel face. It was investigated very carefully to find out the causes of deformation. By the observation and study, two main causes of deformation are found out. The one is earth pressure increase compared with classical earth pressure theory. That was due to the direction of ground rock mass's discontinuities. It causes the increase of earth pressure that are activated by the direction of discontinuity. The other one is that present design method neglect the transferred force by removal of temporary support members and ground anchor within the tunnel contour line as the tunnel excavation proceeds As the result of removals of the member and anchor, some force transferred from removed systems to remaining supporting systems. In designing the portal support systems, lt must be considered the discontiunity of ground mass and the transfered force due to excation.
작물에 흡수된 방사성 동위원소의 내부조사효과에 관한 연구 (제7집) - 대두의 (大豆) 생장에 미치는 P-32 의 영향
김길환(Kil Hwan Kim),손응용(Eng Yong Son),차종환(Jong Whan Cha),김정제(Jung Jai Kim) 한국식물학회 1969 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.12 No.3
To investigate the radiation effect of P-32 on the soybean plants, the seeds treated with various levels of P-32 solution were sown and cultured in the pots. The growth of the plants and the contents of the macroelements were observed and the following results were obtained. 1) The linear growth of the plants at the early stage seemed to have been promoted by the low-level P-32 treatment. At the later growing stage, however, this difference among treatments were less conspicuous. 2) The plants of high level P-32 application showed some growth damaging symptom at the early growing stage. Later this damage was recorded as the time went on and these plants showed even better growth than the control. As a result at the late growing stage, they ensued highest growth. 3) The plants showed in general more growth at the low activity level than at the high-level at the early growing stage. At the late stage, however, the high-level activity promoted more growth than the low-level. 4) At the early growing stage P-32 treatment produced in general significantly more lower than control. At the later stage, however, this difference was not clearly seen. 5) The P-32 treatment seemed to have stimulated earlier florescence and this tendency was more clearly observable especially at the high activity level. 6) The weight of the air-dried seeds tended to be increased through P-32 treatment by 10-45%. This tendency was clearly observed especially at the low-level activity. 7) As for the contents of the various macroelements in the leaves, the nitrogen showed significantly larger contents at the middle level(S_1) P-32 treatments. The phosphorous contents showed also highest at the middle levels activity and lower both at the high and low-activity levels. The potassium contents was proved, on the contrary, higher at the low-level activity and lower at the high-level. 8) The nitrogen contents in the stems was found significantly higher than control, except at the low-activity level. The phosphorous showed higher contents at the low-activity level and no significant difference at the high-activity level. As for the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium, there seemed no significant difference among treatments. However, the magnesium showed somewhat higher content at the low-activity level, whereas the calcium was proved higher than control. 9) The inorganic contents in the root showed that N and P in the P-32 treated plant were significantly higher than the control and the K-contents was, on the contrary, significantly higher at the control than the rest of the treatments. As for the calcium and magnesium there showed no difference among all treatments.
토끼의 혈관 절편 세포내에서 Sevoflurane 의 작용기전
김종래,민경태,길혜금,김원옥,정재원 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.6
The purpose of this study were to elucidate how sevoflurane affects vascular smooth musde and to understand the intracellular mechanism of sevoflurane. Isolated aortic rings of the rabbit were examined. Rings were mounted on tissue bath containing 40 ml of modified Krebs solution bubbled with 95% O2/5% CO2 and attached to force transducers. The preparations were contracted with either 40 mM KC1, or 0.1 uM norepinephrine followed by 0.1 uM acetylcholine (and 1 nM ryanodine)- or 2.8 mM lidocaine induced relaxation. At steady state contraction or relaxation, the effects of sevoflurane (2, 4, 5%) were studied. The steady state tension before administration of sevoflurane was considered as 100% and the changing tension during sevoflurane was expressed as a percentage. Sevoflurane (2, 4, 5%) produced relaxing effects (99.4±0.6, 98.1±0.9, 95.9±1.0%) on KC1-induced tension, independent of endothelium. Sevoflurane increased tension in the acetylcholine (55.4±5.1%)- or lidocaine (75.3±8.3%)- relaxed state (acetylce: 73.6±5.3, 86.8±3.2, 94.1±5.2%, acetylcholine+ryanodine ; 63.7±4.6, 68.6±7.2, 70.4±2.5%, lidocaine ; 83.7±7.0, 84.6±12.1, 85.3±4.4%). The effects were dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that sevoflurane directly alters vascular contraction or relaxation in relation to Ca^(2+) mobilization on condition and that mechanism of sevofluranes effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum may play a primary role.
마취유도를 위한 Midazolam 과 Propofol 의 상승 효과
이승준,윤영준,길호영,김병중,정배희,최현,최원주,강재익 대한마취과학회 1995 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.29 No.4
The mechanism by which propofol exerts its action is poorly understood, but may involve a non-specific effect on lipid membrane and has been shown to potentiate GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition. And, midazolam also acts through GABA receptor mediated increased chloride conductance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose response of midazolam, propofol and combination of these drugs, and determine possible interaction between two drugs in patients. The effect of propofol on the dose response curve for midazolam was studied in 260 nonpremedicated ASA physical status I or II female patients who were scheduled for elective operation. The response to the verbal command was used as an end-point of hypnosis. Dose response curves for midazolam, propofol, and their type of interaction was determined using Instat software package, nonlinear regression analysis, and algebraic(fractional) analysis of interaction. ED_(50) of midazolam and propofol was 0.11 mg/kg, 1.13 mg/kg and ED_(95) was 0.18 mg/kg, 1.67 mg/kg respectively. ED_(50) of combined drug(midazolam+propofol) in comhined dose response curve was 29% of each drug and the type of interaction between two drugs was found to be synergistic.