학술발표회 초록 ( 촉매 및 반응공학 Poster 발표 (2) ) : Cu - ZSM - 5 촉매를 이용한 일산화질소 분해 반응에 대한 연구

홍승태,박달령,박형상 (정) ( Seung Tae Hong,Dal Ryung Park,Hyung Sang Park ) 한국화학공학회 1994 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

지오센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율성을 지원하는 바이트코드 기반 데이터 서비스 미들웨어 구현

홍승태,윤민,장재우,Hong, Seung-Tae,Yoon, Min,Chang, Jae-Woo 한국공간정보학회 2010 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.18 No.4

최근 모바일 기기 및 우선 통신의 발달로 인하여 지오센서 네트워크가 실생활의 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 이에 따라 센서 노드의 제한된 에너지를 효율적으로 사용할 수 있는 미들웨어에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 미들웨어들은 센서 노드의 고유한 처리 능력 몇 가능을 고려하여 개발하지 않았기 때문에, 제한된 시스템 자원만을 사용하는 센서 노드에서는 운영이 불가능하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지오센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율성을 자원하는 바이트코드 기반 데이터 서비스 미들웨어를 설계 및 구현한다. 제안하는 미들웨어는 첫째, 하드웨어 추상화를 지원하는 데이터 관리자와 최소한의 바이트코도 명령어를 통하여, 센서 노드에 최적화된 기능만을 제공한다. 둘째, 불필요한 데이터를 제거함으로써 데이터 전송량을 최소화하는 데이터 집계 질의처리 및 데이터 필터링을 통하여, 센서 노드의 에너지 효율성을 향상시킨다. 마지막으로, 기존 연구인 SwissQM과의 성능 평가를 통해 제안하는 미들웨어가 데이터 전송량과 평균 에너지 소모량 측면에서 에너지 효율적임을 보인다. Recent development in wireless communication and mobile positioning technologies make geosensor networks widely used in the various fields of real world. As a result, much research has been done on the middleware that uses limited energy resources efficiently. However, because traditional middleware does not consider the characteristics of sensor node, such as computing power and specification, the existing middleware call not support the sensor nodes with only the restricted system resource. Therefore, in this paper, we design and implement a new Bytecode based Data Service Middleware supporting energy efficiency in geosensor networks. At first, the proposed middleware provides the optimized functions for sensor nodes by using minimum by tee ode instruction set and data manager supporting hardware abstraction. Secondly, the proposed middleware increases the energy efficiency of sensor node through both data aggregation query processing and data filtering that minimize data transmission by eliminating unnecessary data. Finally, we show from our performance analysis that the proposed middleware is more energy efficient than the existing SwissQM.

대용량 데이터의 분산 처리를 위한 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경 최적화 및 성능평가

홍승태,신영성,장재우,Hong, Seung-Tae,Shin, Young-Sung,Chang, Jae-Woo 한국공간정보학회 2011 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.19 No.4

최근 IT 분야에서 인터넷을 기반으로 IT 자원들을 서비스 형태로 제공하는 클라우드 컴퓨팅에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으며, 이에 따라 대규모 데이터를 수많은 서버들에 분산 저장하고 관리하기 위한 분산 데이터 처리 기법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 한편 GIS 기술의 성장과 더불어 급격히 증가하고 있는 공간 데이터를 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서는, 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 이용한 대용량 공간데이터의 분산 처리가 필수적이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 대표적인 분산 데이터 처리 기법에 대해 살펴보고, 분산 데이터 처리 기법 성능 개선을 위한 최적화 요구사항을 분석한다. 마지막으로 Hadoop 기반 클러스터를 구축하고 이를 통해서 분산 데이터 처리 기법의 성능 최적화에 대한 성능평가를 수행한다. Recently, interest in cloud computing which provides IT resources as service form in IT field is increasing. As a result, much research has been done on the distributed data processing that store and manage a large amount of data in many servers. Meanwhile, in order to effectively utilize the spatial data which is rapidly increasing day by day with the growth of GIS technology, distributed processing of spatial data using cloud computing is essential. Therefore, in this paper, we review the representative distributed data processing techniques and we analyze the optimization requirements for performance improvement of the distributed processing techniques for a large amount of data. In addition, we uses the Hadoop and we evaluate the performance of the distributed data processing techniques for their optimization requirements.

『宋史筌』 「五行志」의 “災異” 기록과 그 의미

홍승태(HONG, Seung-Tae) 한국사학사학회 2013 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.28

1780년(정조 4년), 朝鮮王朝 正祖에 의해 편찬된 『宋史筌』은 중국 宋朝의 실제적 역사경험들을 집약하고, 그곳에 투영된 정치적 문화적 ‘鑑戒’를 찾아내고자 했던 결과물이었다. 『宋史筌』은 각각 本紀 8권, 世家 2권, 志 47권, 列傳 91권, 義例 1권, 目錄 1권으로 총 150권으로 구성되었으며, 총 글자수는 약 180만자에 이른다. 『宋史』는 本紀 47권, 志 162권, 表 32권, 列傳 255권으로 총 496권, 총 글자수는 약 500만자이다. 표면적인 통계수치로만 볼 때, 각 부문별 편차는 있지만 『宋史筌』은 『宋史』전체의 약 28%에 해당하는 분량으로 크게 축소되었다. 그러나 『宋史筌』은 『宋史』의 단순한 ‘요약ㆍ정리본’이 아니라 『宋史』가 가지고 있었던 문제점을 극복하는 동시에 朝鮮王朝의 입장에서 宋朝의 역사를 재구성하려고 했던 편찬의 목적이 있었다. 본고는 古代 史書의 특수한 體裁인 ｢五行志｣를 통해 『宋史筌』이 어떻게 『宋史』의 결함을 보완하고 정리ㆍ재구성하였지를 분석하였다. ｢五行志｣의 내용은 주로 자연재해와 異變현상 등 災異에 대한 기록이다. ｢五行志｣는 正史에서 중요한 체재의 하나로, 자연재해가 고대 국가의 흥망성쇠에 결정적 영향을 미치기 때문에 正史類 典籍에서 이를 중요시했다. 『宋史筌』｢五行志｣는 『宋史』의 水, 火 항목의 上下 분류방식을 “災”와 “異”로 구분하였는데, 이러한 방식은 宋代 가장 빈번하게 발생했던 水災와 火災를 異變현상으로부터 분리시킴으로써 기록의 객관성과 신빙성을 높였다. 『宋史筌』 ｢五行志｣ 글자 數는 총 18,600여 字로, 71,800여 字인 『宋史』｢五行志｣의 약 1/4 정도로 압축되었지만, 오히려 재해별 항목에서, 재해의 횟수와 피해상황을 일목요연하게 정리하여 『宋史』의 번잡함을 제거하였다. 한편, ｢五行志｣의 기록은 단순한 자연재해의 기록이 아니라 君主로 하여금 자신의 통치에 대해 자성하고 경계하기 위한 유교의 이념이 반영되었다. 漢代 董仲舒의 ‘天人感應論’은 災異현상이 인간의 정치적 도덕적 행위와 밀접한 인과관계가 있다는 이론으로, 古代政治에 매우 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같은 관념은 朝鮮王朝 正祖시대에도 줄곧 지속되었고, 『宋史筌』이란 역사서 편찬에도 반영되었다. 이 논문에서는 『宋史』와 『宋史筌』｢五行志｣의 내용을 비교하여 災異기록에 내포된 정치적 의미를 분석하였다. Song-Sa-Jeon, the Commentaries on the History of Song was complied under Jeong-Jo of the Chosun Dynasty in 1780, which was the result of integration for historical precept such as political, cultural successes and failures in the whole history of Chinese Song Dynasty. The History of Song with its 496 chapters is the largest of the 24 Dynastic Histories. It contains 47 chapters of Imperial biographies, 162 chapters covering Song Dynasty records, 32 chapters of tables (showing genealogy etc.) and 255 chapters of historical biographies. And Song-Sa-Jeon was composed with 8 chapters of Imperial biographies, 47 chapters covering Song Dynasty records, 91 chapters of historical biographies. and From the statistical data, this book was reduced to 28% of the original. but It was not simple summary or rearrangement of The History of Song, was to correct some of the shortcomings of the History of Song, and to reorganize the Song Dynasty's history with the Confucianism from her own view-point. This paper is tried to analyze how to correct some of the shortcomings of the History of Song and to recompile Treatise on the Five Elements(五行志) as a special from of ancient historiography, which mainly records natural disasters and extraordinary events. Treatise on the Five Elements in Song-Sa-Jeon rationally classified natural disasters, which had frequently occurred in era of Song Dynasty, from extraordinary events with two categories, that is, water and fire in Five Elements(五行). It was more systematically recompiled in the frequency of disasters, records of damage conditions than it's original version. On the other hand, it was not only the historical records of natural disasters, but also means a kind of prior warnings or caution signals to King and politicians, those have regarded it as a political and moral self-reflection in Confucian thought. The theory of Interaction between human and heaven(天人感應)is a set of doctrines formulated by Chinese Han Dynasty scholar Dong Zhongshu which at that time became the basis for deciding the legitimacy of a monarch. At the same time, for the Confucian School of Thought, Interactions between Heaven and Mankind provided a set of checks and balances on a reigning monarch. They believed that a monarch was ordained by heaven as its representative. Auspicious heaven honoured the ruler; calamitous heaven condemned his thinking with all calamity caused by political errors. Treatise on the Five Elements, Song-Sa-Jeon was also based on this thought of Confucianism which Korean Chosun Dynasty had set a high value on.

남송(南宋) 악비(岳飛)에 대한 조선왕조의 충신(忠臣) 현창과 그 의미

홍승태 ( Hong Seung Tae ) 중국학연구회 2020 중국학연구 Vol.- No.93

이 논문은 조선시대 남송 악비에 대한 충신 현창과 그 의미를 분석하였다. 악비는 ‘진충보국’의 상징적인 인물로, 충효의 덕목을 유교사회의 근간으로 삼은 조선왕조의 국시에 정면으로 부합되었다. 조선전기 세종의 『삼강행실충신도』에 선정된 악비는 임진왜란이 발발했던 선조시대에 『정충록』의 발간을 통해 ‘충무’의 상징으로 현창되었다. 왕권과 붕당의 갈등이 극심했던 숙종과 영조 때에도 악비에 대한 현창은 지속되었다. 본고는 악비에 대한 충신 현창의 근원적인 배경과 그 특수성을 송조와 조선왕조 두 왕조가 갖고 있었던 통치이념과 체제의 상호 유사성, 그리고 유교적 문치주의(혹은 문관정치)가 갖고 있는 근본적인 한계점으로부터 접근하였다. 송조의 신유학(성리학)과 유교적 문치주의는 조선왕조가 지향하는 사상적ㆍ정치적 감계의 대상이었다. 특히 조선왕조가 중시한 송조의 명신들 가운데 악비는 농민 출신이자 ‘武臣’이라는 신분적 특수성을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 특징은 전란의 위기와 당쟁의 파국 속에서 왕권과 군사력의 강화라는 정치적 목적뿐만 아니라 ‘존왕양이’와 ‘대일통’의 대의명분과도 부합되었다. General Yue Fei(1103∼1142) of South Song Dynasty was highly respected in the Joseon Dynasty as a symbol of loyalty. In the Confucian kingdom of Joseon, there was a shrine to commemorate and honor him, and also published books that chronicled his life. The Sam Chung(三忠) Shrine which commemorated three loyal great men Zhuge Liang(181∼234), Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang(1236∼1283) was established in 1750. Zhuge Liang(181∼234) as the chancellor and regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. Wen Tianxiang(1236∼1283) was a scholar-general in the last years of the South Song Dynasty. And also Utmost Loyalty: Yue Fei’s Biography was published in 1585 by King Seon-jo of Joseon, republished during the reign of King Yeong-jo, the book contains Yue Fei’s biography as well as poems and sentences written by his Descendants. The Joseon Dynasty has always regarded the Song Dynasty as an example of Confucian politics and Neo-Confucianism. In particular, to strengthen royal power and military power, Joseon established a shrine to commemorate Yue Fei as a loyal subject and published a book containing his life story.

『치평요람(治平要覽)』에 수록된 『당감(唐鑑)』의 史論과 『제범(帝範)』

洪承兌 ( Hong Seung Tae ) 중국사학회 2019 中國史硏究 Vol.0 No.123

The Chipeong Yolam (治平要覽; “The General Survey for Governance of Peace and Prosperity”) completed in King Se-jong’s reign of the Joseon Dynasty (1445), is a history book compiled to read the main points of Confucian politics. It is a masterpiece of 150 volumes, which chronicled major historical events from Zhou dynasty(周朝) to Yuan dynasty(元朝) and parts of Ming dynasty. In the 23rd year of King Sejong's reign (1441), King Se-jong ordered scholars of Jiphyeonjeon(集賢殿) to compile the book and completed it after four years of writing. This book is not just a history book compiled by listing historical facts, but a kind of political textbook that selects content that will help the actual politics of the Joseon Dynasty, the Confucian country. It summed up the essence of Confucian politics from the historical experience of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty and political success and failure. This book valued Tang history so much that it devoted 25 volumes out of a total of 150 volumes to the history section of the Tang Dynasty. Most of the historical facts of Tang cited Sima Guang’s “Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance” by the history of the Song Dynasty, and the historical review cited Fan zu yu’s “Tang’s History as a Mirror” compiled the Tang Dynasty history section of “Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance”, where he wrote his own review book separately. His historical review assessed the events of Tang Dynasty history and the actions of the monarch based on the principle of strict Confucian ethics. This review book is one of the most famous historical reviews in China, and it was highly regarded as a book that monarchs and bureaucrats had to read throughout the Joseon Dynasty. It contains a large number of historical reviews by Fan Zuyu, a Confucian scholar and historian of the Song Dynasty. Through his perspective, he tried to find the cause of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty, and at the same time included in detail the entire 12 chapters of “A Model of Monarchy”, which summed up the secret of the political success. “A Model of Monarchy”(12-chapter), written by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, laid out the core of the monarchy, including self-discipline by the monarch and the management of political power.

宋代 荀子 비판과 新儒學 성립의 관계

홍승태(Hong, Seung Tae) 동양사학회 2018 東洋史學硏究 Vol.144 No.-

Confucianism, which was only a school of disciples in the Spring and Autumn period, was adopted as the political ideology of the nation for the first time in the Han Dynasty. However, Confucianism itself remained in the interpretation of rudimentary scriptures following the restoration of lost scriptures. When Confucian thought, which had been overwhelmed by the influence of Buddhism and Taoism for a long time, It came to a new turning point in the period of late Tang Dynasty to early Song. The first work that the Confucian scholars of the late Tang and early Song dynasty, representing Han Yu, who was able to oppose the Buddha and the Taoist, established the Confucian scholarship system after Confucius. As a figure connecting Confucian scholarship system with Mencius, Xun-zi was also evaluated as the Great Confucius, and his name was raised in the genealogy. However, in the middle of the North Song, contrary to the position of Mencius, Xun-zi was subjected to severe criticism of the Song Dynasty, and even suffered from `heresy`. The main reason was focused on his theory of human nature and relation of legalism. His theory that human nature is fundamentally evil is a point of confrontation with Mencius` principle of good nature, theory of human nature has become a crucial criterion to measure authenticity of Confucianism. The first task that Confucian scholars should solve in order to establish neo-Confucianism was to clarify the system of Confucianism theoretically. In this paper, Critique of Xun-zi in Song dynasty was approached from the viewpoint of the theorization of the system and the establishment of a new theory in the process of neo-Confucian formation. The criticism of Xun-zi was an ideological and philosophical work that was firstly required in the process of organizing the system to establish Neo-Confucianism. Free criticism and doubt about the main scriptures of Confucianism became a very important condition for the birth of the Neo-Confucianism.

[중국 근세Ⅰ] 다양화 · 다각화의 지속과 모색

홍승태(Hong, Seung-Tae) 역사학회 2016 역사학보 Vol.0 No.231

In research trends of Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan history from 2014 to 2015, the most remarkable point can be abbreviated or expressed by the few words, “multi-perspective approach and diversification of method”. The number of research papers which were submitted in 2014~2015 was 89 papers. It has more than doubled in the last period(2012~2013), and was the highest numbers recorded from every periods since 2000. Research of Liao-Jin and Mongol empire history has continuously maintained qualitative development until this period. but Study of Song history, which has been stalled during last periods, occupied about half of all papers in this period(2014~2015). A significant increase in the number of papers of Song history, is not due to increase of number of researchers or numbers of papers per a person. It results from submitted thesis of various research fields, included literature, archeology, palaeography, architecture studies, science, martial arts aside from bibliographic history of Song dynasty. Considering the civilizational status of Song history, It is very important that Korean researchers of various categories have a lot of attentions and opinions on the matters of this era. and it is very remarkable that the research of Liao-Jin history has tried to reconstitute the reflection of history from many different perspectives and methods. History studies of Mogol empire and international relations, which have had a qualitative development since 2000, try to make interpretations of history from new perspectives and methods.

스마트 온디바이스의 고가용성을 위한 TCP 세션 복구 기술

홍승태 ( Seungtae Hong ),김법균 ( Beob-kyun Kim ),이광용 ( Kwang-yong Lee ),김정시 ( Jeong-si Kim ),임채덕 ( Chae-deok Lim ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.6 No.6

최근 스마트 온디바이스 및 정보 통신 기술의 발전으로 인하여, 중단 없는 서비스에 대한 요구가 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 시스템의 장애 발생 시에도 지속적으로 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 고가용성이 주목받고 있다. 한편, 대부분의 인터넷 서비스는 TCP를 기반으로 제공되기 때문에, 스마트 온디바이스의 고가용성을 위해서는 효율적인 TCP 세션 복구 기술이 필수적이다. 그러나 기존 TCP 세션 복구 기술은 높은 세션복구비용이 요구되거나 페일오버를 지원하지 않는 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 스마트 온디바이스의 고가용성을 위한 TCP 세션 복구 기술을 제안한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 순서 번호와 확인 응답 번호의 보정을 통해 TCP 세션의 재연결 과정 없이 TCP 세션을 복원한다. 둘째, 마스터 서버와 백업 서버 간에 TCP 세션 복구 데이터를 동기화하고, 마스터 서버의 장애 발생 시 페일오버를 수행한다. 마지막으로, 가상 IP 주소와 GARP (Gratuitous ARP) 패킷의 전송을 통해 피어에게 무중단 서비스를 제공한다. With the development of smart on-devices and communication technology, demand for non-stop services is increasing. Therefore, the high availability for continuously providing services in the event of system failure has been spotlighted. Meanwhile, because most internet-based services are provided by using TCP, an efficient TCP session recovery technique for providing non-stop services is required. However, the existing TCP session recovery techniques are inefficient because it has a high recovery cost or does not support failover operation, To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a TCP session recovery technique for high availability in smart on-devices. For this, we first recover the TCP session without re-establish the TCP session by correcting a sequence number and a acknowledgment number. Second, we synchronize the TCP session recovery data between the master and the server, and then we operate the failover operation when master server fails. Finally, we provide the non-stop service to peer by using the virtual IP number and the transmission of GARP (Gratuitous ARP) packet.

남송 전기 ‘태평 분식’의 정치적 배경과 전개 양상

洪承兌(Hong, Seung Tae) 동양사학회 2019 東洋史學硏究 Vol.149 No.-

“Reign of peace as window dressing” designed and executed by Gao-zong and Qin hui in the period of Shao Xing, was rooted in the legitimacy flaws of the South Song regime. Emperor Gao-zong, who ascended the throne at a time when the Northern Song were destroyed due to the invasion of Jin(金) Dynasty, and Emperor Hui-zong and Qin-zong were taken prisoner, he failed to follow the normal procedure of throne succession. In addition, Song Dynasty abandoned central districts which was the symbol of geographical and spatial legitimacy, and fled to the south of Chang Jiang by force, suffered fatal damage in the legitimacy of ruling power. Because the authoritative task of Revenge and Recovery conflicted with common goal “the Peace Treaty” of Gao-zong and Qin hui, They had to find a more elaborate political solution. One of the most distinctive features of the development of “Reign of peace as window dressing” in early South Song Dynasty is that "disaster and ominousness (災異)" was completely covered up, "auspicious sign(祥瑞)" is exaggerated, and even artificial manipulation was not discouraged by Qin hui. On the other hand, Gao-zong pretended to be a monarch who was immersed in the Confucian Bible ChunQiu, which embodies the meaning of “honour the king and drive off the barbarians(尊王攘夷)” “Honour the king” meant the legitimacy that he still had to have strong power as a emperor, and “Drive off the barbarians” could show that he was still trying to revive the nation. Most of all, unlike Qin Hui"s peacemaking, which only exaggerated “auspicious sign”, Gao-zong was able to disguise himself as a timid monarch who accepted heaven"s warnings. The two may look contrary to each other, but politically they could have a mutually complementary effect.