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박광일,Park, Kwang-Il 한국생명보험의학회 2010 保險醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.1
The measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in screening for prostate cancer is recently performed as a routine check-up in clinical medicine and insurance medicine. Several factors may affect serum PSA levels. As prostate size increases with increasing age, the PSA concentration also rises. Increasing body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower mean PSA concentration. Inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase such as finasteride and dutasteride produce a 50 percent or greater decrease in serum PSA during the first three months of therapy, which persists as long as the drug is continued. Men who are regularly taking non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen have lower PSA levels. Emerging concepts regarding PSA testing that may help refine the interpretation of an elevated concentration include: PSA density, PSA velocity, and Free versus complexed or bound PSA. With many insurance companies, PSA level has become part of a standard battery of blood tests, along with HIV, cholesterol, liver enzymes, and other predictors of premature death. But, there is no clear proof of benefit, so we have to monitor the value of PSA test as a prostate cancer screening test in insurance medicine.
박광일,Park, Kwang-Il 한국생명보험의학회 2011 保險醫學會誌 Vol.30 No.2
Background: The beneficial effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in primary and secondary prevention patients are well established. However, data on potential differences between both groups in mortality are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess extra risk differences between primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients. Methods: Comparative mortality figures were calculated from a source article using mortality analysis methods. Results: Mortality ratio (MR) of primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients were 393% and 373%. Excess death rates (EDR) of both groups were 42 and 38 per 1,000. Discussion: MR and EDR were higher in primary prevention group. But, there was no significant difference.
하수슬러지의 전처리 방법에 따른 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida savigny)의 섭식효율 및 생장
박광일,배윤환,Park, Kwang-ll,Bae, Yoon-Hwan 유기성자원학회 2003 유기물자원화 Vol.11 No.4
갓 발생한 하수슬러지를 전처리 없이 줄지렁이에게 급이할 경우 하수슬러지 발생지역과 무관하게 슬러지 급이 32일~45일 경과후 지렁이 개체군의 치사현상이 일어났다. 하수슬러지내 중금속, 고분자 유기응집제(폴리아크릴 아마이드) 또는 미생물 생체가 직접적인 독성 물질로 작용하지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 하수슬러지를 수분률 65%가 되도록 제지슬러지와 혼합하여 21일 이상 부숙시킨 먹이에서는 지렁이 개체군에 대한 생태독성 현상이 유발되지 않았으며 하수슬러지에 인분케익을 혼합하여 부숙시킨 먹이를 공급한 경우보다 지렁이의 폐기물 처리속도와 지렁이 생체량 증가율이 높았다. The effects of several factors such as heavy metals, living microorganims, high molecular conglomerator in sewage sludge were analysed. And the effects of the sewage sludges which were mixed with other organic waste such as paper mill sludge or night soil sludge upon the feeding rate and biomass of earthworm population were also estimated. The earthworm populations could not survive when newly produced sewage sludges were fed without any pretreatment. The contents of heavy metals were under the levels that could inhibit earthworm's growth. The living microorganisms and the high molecular conglomerator in the sewage sludge had no relations with ecotoxicological effects of sewage sludge upon the earthworm population. Sewage sludge which had been mixed with paper mill sludge and aged for more than 21 days showed no ecotoxicological effects on tiger worm(Eisenia fetida) population. And the feeding rate of earthworm population and the turnover rate of earthworm biomass were higher in those sewage sludges than in the sewage sludges pretreated by other ways.
슬러지 급이에 따른 Zn, Cu, Fe, Al의 줄지렁이 체내 생물축적
박광일,배윤환 유기성자원학회 2012 유기물자원화 Vol.20 No.3
경기도 포천시에 소재하는 몇 군데의 하수처리장에서 채취된 슬러지내의 Zn, Cu, Fe, Al 함량을 측정하고 슬러지를 줄지렁이에게 장기간 급이하면서 이들 금속류의 지렁이 체내 축적량을 조사하였다. 슬러지내 Zn 함량은 75.1∼196.1 mg/kg, Cu 함량은 3.74∼76.1 mg/kg, Fe 함량은 219.9∼857.8 mg/kg, Al 함량 198.4∼991.7 mg/kg로 나타났다. 이들 금속류의 슬러지내 함량은 줄지렁이에 대하여 단기적으로 직접 치사 독성을 유발할 정도는 아니었으나, 장기적으로는 아독성을 유발할 가능성이 있고 이들 금속류에 의한 산란 및 부화율 억제에 의한 차세대 개체군의 감소 현상을 유발할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 60g(dw)의 슬러지 급이후 이들 금속류의 지렁이 생체내 축적률(BAF)은 0.0∼0.43으로 낮은 경향을 나타내었으며 슬러지를 장기간 급이하여도 슬러지내 Zn, Cu, Fe, Al가 줄지렁이 생체내에 누적적으로 축적되지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. Zn, Cu, Fe, Al contents of sludges produced from sewage treatment plants and night soil treatment plant in Pocheon City, Gyeong-gi Province were investigated. And the accumulated contents of those metals in the earthworm Eisenia fetida were also investigated while 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 grams(dw) of sludges were cumulatively supplied to the earthworms. Zn contents of sludges were 75.1∼196.1 mg/kg, Cu contents 3.74∼76.1 mg/kg, Fe contents 219.9∼857.8 mg/kg, Al contents 198.4∼991.7 mg/kg, all of which would not cause acute toxicity to the earthworm, but could cause sublethal effects on earthworm and reduce the density of next generation's population. However, cumulative supplies of sludges didn't increase the bioaccumulation rates of metals in the earthworm body, and BAFs of those metals after 60g of sludge supply were 0.0∼0.43, which meant that the accumulated Zn, Cu, Fe, Al contents in the earthworm were lower than those of sludges.