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송기동(SONG, Ki-Dong) 한국형사정책학회 2008 刑事政策 Vol.20 No.2
This article is for researching the historical development of corporate liability in common law countries. Corporations, as vital actors in national economies and the global economy, are endowed with legal personality. As such they have capacity to act as subjects of law, and they can also commit crimes. However, how does one consider their capacity, as non-physical subjects of law, to act criminally? Traditional criminal law and criminal liability have been long and firmly associated with the criminal acts of physical persons, convincingly attributing to them mens rea and actus reus as constitutive elements of crime Common law countries such as UK and USA have, in the past, endeavored to contain corporate criminality. Initially, both countries, the initial assumption was that a corporation, not comparable with a human being, could not commit a crime. In the nineteenth century in common law countries began to recognize that the emergence, development and activities of corporations entailed a relevance for criminal law also they could commit crimes. Common law courts dealt with corporate crime by adopting the doctrine of corporate legal personality as a pragmatically useful fiction. Two different judicial approaches evolved: the identification doctrine in the UK and vicarious liability in the USA. However, both judicial practices’ have weak points to impute corporate liability on culpable corporation. Therefore, both countries have tried to modify their jurisdiction for the safety of the public and justice. Finally, it can be shown a slight convergence in defining and punishing corporate crime has taken place. However, both theories were not satisfied to impute criminal liability on culpable corporation completely. That is corporate liability was based on not a culpable corporation but human beings’ (employees) fault. Therefore, new approach, for finding a corporate own mens rea and actus reus, was introduced. Korean penal code can learn or even may adopt common law countries’ judicial practice in order to protect the public from the increasing corporate crime. In that case, it will be necessary to understand corporate own mens rea and actus reus.
유기색소분자(MB)와 고분자음이온(PVS)사이에 염효과에 관한 연구
송기동,김일두,박성규,김성현 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 自然科學硏究 Vol.12 No.1
The metachromatic behavior of methylene blue(MB) in aqueous solution and in the presence of polyvinylsulfate potassium(PVS) was carried out by use of absorption spectroscopy. The salts examining the addition effect were salts (NaCl, KCl, LiCl, NH_4Cl, CH_3)_4NCl and urea). The remarkable increment of methylene blue aggregation with increase of various salts concentration was observed. This phenomenon is due to couter ions from salt which presumably reduces the repulsion force among the molecules of cation dye. In this study, the degree of aggregation appeared differently according to the addition of various salts and these effect was ascribed not only to concentration of counter ions, but also to cation of the salts. The characteristic changes of metachromatic band with the change of P/D value were discussed in terms of stacking theory. The appearance of metachromatic band is explained as a stacking effect of bound dye molecules on the surface of polymer chain and the disappearance of the band at higher P/D values is attributed to the redistribution of bound dye molecules over the excessive binding sites.
有機色素分子와 陰이온 界面活性劑 사이의 相互作用에 關한 吸收分光學的 硏究
송기동,김일두,박성규,김준태,김성현 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1
The metachromatic behavior of methylene blue (MB) ia aqueous solution and in the presense of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been studied by the absorption spectroscopic method. The results are as follows. The association force of the MB molecules in aqueous solution seems to be complex of three factors, i.e., London's dispersion force, the hydrophobic interaction and the interaction between permanent dipoles it has been measured of critical micelle concentration (CMC) in aqueous solution of SDS and that of MB-SDS to be 8.0mM and 7.9mM respectively. This indifference between CMC values of the pure SDS and MB-SDS system would mean the formation of dye-rich induced micelles(drim). The spectral changes of MB-SDS system with the addition of the inorganic salts have been observed. The addition of the salt into the solution causes the redistribution of MB molecules in the complex(D_n^+ S_m^-). It would be resulted from the decrease of the stacking effect between the bound MB molecules. The spectral changes observed in the MB-SDS system with the increase of the S/D values are analyzed and the behavior of the meta band is explainsd in terms of the stacking theory and micelle formation theory
송기동,오정선 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 自然科學硏究 Vol.23 No.1
The interaction of dye-surfactants and dye-surfactant mixtures have been examined by the absorption spectroscopy. The interaction of surfactant mixtures and the CMC exchange of surfactant mixtures were examined. In dye(Thionin)-anionic surfactant(SDS)system and the absorption band of dimer increased at S/D≤100. In dye-nonionic surfactant(AE)system and the absorption spectra of dimer band was not appeared. In Thionin-SDS-AE system, the change of dimer, monomer and oligomer band was influenced by the CMC of AE. As the concentration of AE increased, the dimer and oligomer of thionin-SDS system was deaggreated. In various temperature, the interaction between Dye and Surfactant mixtures are examine.