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Lee, J.,Jang, Y.S.,Papoutsakis, E.T.,Lee, S.Y. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 Journal of biotechnology Vol.230 No.-
<P>Gene overexpression is one of the most basic strategies in metabolic engineering, but the factors determining gene expression levels have been poorly studied in Clostridium species. In this study, we found that a short single-stranded 5' untranslated region (UTR) sequence led to decreased gene expression in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Using an in vitro enzyme assay and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, we found that addition of a small stem-loop at the 5' end of mRNA increased mRNA levels and thereby protein expression levels up to 4.6-fold, possibly protecting mRNA from exonuclease attack. Gene-expression levels were apparently independent of the stability of the added stem-loop; the existence of a stem-loop itself appears to be more important. Our results indicate that efficient expression cassettes can be designed by taking the 5' UTR into consideration, as the expression levels can vary even though the same promoter and RBS are used. These findings will be useful for developing a more reliable gene expression system for metabolic engineering of Clostridium strains. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Jin-dal-rae Choi,장유신,Jung-Hee Cho,Doyoung Seung,이상엽,E. Terry Papoutsakis,George N. Bennett,송효학 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.2
Corn steep liquor (CSL) obtained from a commercial starch manufacturing process was analyzed and tested as a complex nutrient source for ABE (acetone,butanol, and ethanol) production by Clostridium acetobutylicum PJC4BK_AdhE1. CSL contained a wealth of trace elements and nitrogenous components, proteins and amino acids. ABE production increased the content of CSL was raised up to 6% (v/v) in medium and then decreased at higher contents. In 6% CSL-containing medium, C. acetobutylicum PJC4BK_AdhE1 produced 21.4 g/L of ABE with a yield of 0.41 g/g in 18 h of fermentation. Although the final titer of ABE was similar in CSL containing media and Clostridial Growth Medium (CGM, containing yeast extract and asparagines as complex nutrients), the yield and productivity of ABE in 6% CSL-containing medium were found to be higher than 32 and 26%, respectively.