都市 下水슬러지의 堆肥化에 關한 硏究

宋濟天,柳明辰,金東玟 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.3

Composting may be defined as a biochemical process in which microorganisms break down and convert solid organic matters into stable, humus like end products. The composting of municipal wastewater sludge has become an accepted technology as a means of sludge stabilization and resource recovery in recent years. Investigated in this study were the compostability of municipal sludge without the use of bulking agents, e.g., wood chips, tree barks, sow-dusts and rice-hulls ; relevant, influencing factors such as moisture contents, pH values, aeration rates, and volatile solid contents ; and process reaction rates. The sample sludges, obtained from Seoul Cheongye Sewage Treatment plant, were those digested and dewatered by mechanical means with the aid of lime and ferric chloride. The pH values, moisture contents, voltile solid contents and C/N ratios of the sample sludge ranged 10 to 12, 60 to 70%, 55 to 55% and 8 to 12, respectively. In this study, three, 35-liter reactors were used; the reactors were operated on batch basis for the duration of 8 to 12days. In order to maintain aerobic conditions and expect air drying effects, air was supplied to each reactor in the rates of 50-300 ℓ/㎥, main in the first half of experiments and fixed to 120ℓ/㎥. min in the second half. The mixture was mixed completely once a day by mechanical agitator. The results of this study follow; 1. The municipal sludge can be composted without the use of bulking agents. 2. The composting of the sole sludge without any additives can be carried out in reduced reaction periods 1 to 2 weeks. 3. The compost sludge can be used as both, the soil conditioner and low-nutrient fertilizer. It contained 35 to 40% moisture, 35 to 45% valatile solids, 1.9 to 2.2% nitrogen, 2.1 to 2.5% phosphorus and 0.18 to 0.22% potassium, and was 7.5 to 8.0 in pH values and 8 to 10 in C/N ratios. 4. The optimum pH values, aeration rates, and moisture contents were 7.5 to 8, approximately 120ℓ/㎥.min and 55 to 60%, respectively.

Finger Vein Recognition Based on Multi-Orientation Weighted Symmetric Local Graph Structure

( Song Dong ),( Jucheng Yang ),( Yarui Chen ),( Chao Wang ),( Xiaoyuan Zhang ),( Dong Sun Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.10

Finger vein recognition is a biometric technology using finger veins to authenticate a person, and due to its high degree of uniqueness, liveness, and safety, it is widely used. The traditional Symmetric Local Graph Structure (SLGS) method only considers the relationship between the image pixels as a dominating set, and uses the relevant theories to tap image features. In order to better extract finger vein features, taking into account location information and direction information between the pixels of the image, this paper presents a novel finger vein feature extraction method, Multi-Orientation Weighted Symmetric Local Graph Structure (MOW-SLGS), which assigns weight to each edge according to the positional relationship between the edge and the target pixel. In addition, we use the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier to train and classify the vein feature extracted by the MOW-SLGS method. Experiments show that the proposed method has better performance than traditional methods.

Smad4 mediates malignant behaviors of human ovarian carcinoma cell through the effect on expressions of E-cadherin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and VEGF

( Chen Chen ),( Ming Zhong Sun ),( Shu Qing Liu ),( Dong Mei Yeh ),( Li Jun Yu ),( Yang Song ),( Lin Lin Gong ),( Li Hong Hao ),( Jun Hu ),( Shu Juan Shao ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.8

Smad4 is involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Using a pair of human syngeneic epithelial ovarian cancer cells with low (HO-8910) and high (HO-8910PM) metastatic abilities, we aimed to reveal the role of Smad4 in ovarian cancer metastasis in vitro. Smad4 was down-regulated in HO-8910PM cell line relative to HO-8910 by implicating Smad4 was probably a potential tumor suppressor gene for ovarian cancer. Re-expression of Smad4 decreased the migration ability and inhibited the invasion capacity of HO-8910PM, while promoted the cell adhesion capacity for HO-8910PM. The stable expression of Smad4 increased the expression of E-cadherin, reduced the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and slightly down-regulated the expression of VEGF. Smad4 suppresses human ovarian cancer cell metastasis potential through its effect on the expressions of PAI-1, E-cadherin and VEGF. Results from current work implicate Smad4 might suppress the invasion and metastasis of human ovarian tumor cells through a TGF-β/Smad-mediated pathway. [BMB reports 2010; 43(8): 554-560]

Research on Concrete Cracks Recognition based on Dual Convolutional Neural Network

Dong Liang,Xue-Feng Zhou,Song Wang,Chen-Jing Liu 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.7

Cracks are the most common and important diseases of concrete bridges. A dual convolutional neural network (DCN) model which is composed of one convolutional neural network (CNN) model and one fully convolutional network (FCN) model is proposed to recognize the cracks in image. Firstly, the CNN model is used to identify the crack area. The interfering factors such as spot, shadow, water stain, and graffiti in the non-crack area will be excluded by CNN model. Then, the CNN results will be segmented by the FCN model with the structure of merging layer-by-layer to extract crack features such as length and width. The DCN model is trained to recognize the actual concrete bridge cracks in this paper. The recognition results show that the DCN model has a good balance between high accuracy and low noise in the process of crack recognition compared with the current image recognition method. The reliability and accuracy of recognition are both greatly improved. The DCN model is helpful for automatic identification of cracks in concrete bridges.

Knockdown of Radixin by RNA interference Suppresses the Growth of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo

Chen, Shu-Dong,Song, Mao-Min,Zhong, Zhi-Qiang,Li, Na,Wang, Pi-Lin,Cheng, Shi,Bai, Ri-Xing,Yuan, Hui-Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Radixin, encoded by a gene on chromosome 11, plays important roles in cell motility, invasion and tumor progression. However, its function in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. In this study, radixin gene expression was suppressed with a lentivirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) method. We found that radixin shRNA caused down-regulation of radixin in PANC-1 cells, associated with inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and invasive potential in vitro. When radixin-silenced cells were implanted in nude mice, tumor growth and microvessel density were significantly inhibited as compared to blank control cells or nonsense shRNA control cells. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and E-cadherin were up-regulated in radixin-silenced PANC-1 cells. Our results suggest that radixin might play a critical role in pancreatic cancer progression, possibly through invvolvement of down-regulation of TSP-1 and E-cadherin expression.

Generation of Insulin Producing Cells from the Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

( Dong Sik Ham ),( Ji Won Kim ),( Heon Seok Park ),( Chen Lin Sun ),( Seung Hwan Lee ),( Jae Hyoung Cho ),( Jeong Ah Oh ),( Ki Ho Song ),( Ho Young Son ),( Kaneto Hideaki ),( Kun Ho Yoon ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.6

Surrogate β-cells derived from available adult stem cells are urgently needed for the treatment of insulindeficient diabetes, and hepatocytes constitute an attractive alternative. Herein, we attempted to generate insulin-producing cells from adult mouse primary hepatocytes (HCs) using triple adenoviruses harboring PDX-1/VP-16, BETA2, and MafA. We noted characteristic changes in the transduced HCs into pancreatic β-cells, including reduced albumin gene and increased insulin, insulin content, and the expression of a variety of pancreatic genes. Glucose tolerance and survival are improved by the renal capsular transplantation. These data demonstrated that the transdifferentiation of HCs into insulin-producing cells could be achieved under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Further, these data suggest that induction of insulin-producing cells from liver provides a potential cell-replacement therapy for the treatment of patients with diabetes using alternative transplantable cell source.

Effects of Daidzein on mRNA Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type I and II Genes in the Ovine Granulosa Cells

Chen, A Qin,Xu, Zi Rong,Yu, Song Dong,Yang, Zhi Gang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.3

Daidzein, a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, structurally resembles estradiol (E2) and possesses estrogenic activity. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that daidzein may mimic the effects of E2 on ovine follicle development by regulation of the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor genes and thereby influence the reproductive system. Granulosa cells were cultured in serum-free McCoy's 5A medium with and without supplementation of daidzein. Results showed that daidzein (10-100 ng/ml) significantly increased the proliferation of ovine granulosa cells (p<0.05), but inhibited the growth of granulosa cells at a dose of 1,000 ng/ml (p<0.01). Daidzein inhibited progesterone production in a dose dependent manner; however, it did not affect estradiol production by granulosa cells. We also investigated the effects of daidzein on BMPRII, BMPRIB and ALK-5 mRNA expression in ovine granulosa cells by quantitative real-time PCR. Treatment of granulosa cells with daidzein increased significantly expression of these genes at 10-100 ng/ml. Thus, these data suggested that a low concentration of daidzein (10-100 ng/ml) had a direct stimulatory effect on ovine granulosa cells while a high concentration was toxic.

Sexing Goat Embryos by PCR Amplification of X- and Y- chromosome Specific Sequence of the Amelogenin Gene

Chen, A-qin,Xu, Zi-rong,Yu, Song-dong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.11

The objective of this study was to develop a simplified, efficient, and accurate protocol for sexing goat embryos. Based on the amelogenin gene located on the conservation region of X- and Y- chromosomes, a pair of primers was utilized and the system of PCR was established to amplify a 262 bp fragment from the X- chromosome in female goats, and a 262 bp fragment from X- chromosome and 202 bp fragment from the Y- chromosome in male goats, respectively. The accuracy and specificity of the primers were assessed using DNA template extracted from goat whole blood sample of known sex. 100% (10/10) concordance was obtained by using the PCR assay. Fifty-one biopsied embryos were transferred into 25 recipient goats on the same day that the embryos were collected and sex of the kid was confirmed after parturition. Eighteen kids of predicted sex were born. The biopsied samples from 51 goat embryos were amplified with 100% efficiency and 94.7% accuracy. In conclusion, our results indicated that PCR sexing protocols based on the amelogenin gene is highly reliable and suitable for sex determination of goats.

Robustness analysis of vibration control in structures with uncertain parameters using interval method

Chen, Su Huan,Song, Min,Chen, Yu Dong Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.21 No.2

Variations in system parameters due to uncertainties may result in system performance deterioration. Uncertainties in modeling of structures are often considered to ensure that control system is robust with respect to response errors. Hence, the uncertain concept plays an important role in vibration control of the engineering structures. The paper discusses the robustness of the stability of vibration control systems with uncertain parameters. The vibration control problem of an uncertain system is approximated by a deterministic one. The uncertain parameters are described by interval variables. The uncertain state matrix is constructed directly using system physical parameters and avoided to use bounds in Euclidean norm. The feedback gain matrix is determined based on the deterministic systems, and then it is applied to the actual uncertain systems. A method to calculate the upper and lower bounds of eigenvalues of the close-loop system with uncertain parameters is presented. The lower bounds of eigenvalues can be used to estimate the robustness of the stability the controlled system with uncertain parameters. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the present approach.

Adverse Effects of Preserved Vegetables on Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus and Precancer Lesions in a High Risk Area

Song, Qing-Kun,Zhao, Lin,Li, Jun,He, Yu-Ming,Jiang, Cui-Ping,Jiang, Hai-Dong,Qu, Chen-Xu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. Preserved vegetables are processed foods and consumed in high amounts in the high risk areas for ESCC. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of preserved vegetable consumption with ESCC and precancer lesions. Methods: Cases from Yanting cancer hospital with pathological diagnosis of primary cancer, along with controls and individuals diagnosed with precancer lesions by endoscopy with iodine staining were interviewed. Trained staff collected data on dietary habits 1 year before the interview. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios of preserved vegetable consumption for precancer lesions and cancer. Results: Adjusting for potential confounders, intake of preserved vegetables (OR=2.92, 95%CI 1.32~6.47) and longer intake period (OR=5.78, 95%CI 2.26~14.80) were associated with higher risk of ESCC. Compared with lowest intake frequency, the highest was associated with a 3.0-fold risk for precancer lesions and 3.59-fold risk for ESCC (both p<0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of preserved vegetables is a risk factor for esophageal lesions in high risk areas. The carcinogenicity of preserved vegetables needs investigation in further studies and the public health strategies for reducing the consumption might be initiated in high risk areas.