Propagation Dynamics of a Finite-energy Airy Beam with Sinusoidal Phase in Optical Lattice

Xiaoyuan Huang,Manna Chen,Geng Zhang,Ye Liu,Hongcheng Wang 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.4

The propagation of a truncated Airy beam with spatial phase modulation (SPM) is investigated in Kerr nonlinearity with an optical lattice. Before the truncated Airy beam enters the optical lattice, a sinusoidal phase is introduced on the wave-front of the beam. The effect of the spatial phase modulation and optical lattice on propagation behavior is analyzed by direct numerical simulation. It is found that the propagation direction of a truncated Airy beam can be effectively controlled by adjusting the values of phase shift. The effects of optical amplitude, truncation factor, spatial modulation frequency, lattice period and lattice depth on the propagation are discussed in detail. By choosing a high modulation depth, the finite-energy Airy beam can be deflected with a large deflection angle in an optical lattice.

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Microalgae: Identification of a Microsomal Delta 12 Desaturase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Xiaoyuan Chi,Xiaowen Zhang,Xiangyu Guan,Ling Ding,Youxun Li,Mingqing Wang,Hanzhi Lin,Song Qin 한국미생물학회 2008 The journal of microbiology Vol.46 No.2

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of infant and adult nutrition because they serve as structural elements of cell membranes. Fatty acid desaturases are responsible for the insertion of double bonds into pre-formed fatty acid chains in reactions that require oxygen and reducing equivalents. In this study, the genome-wide characterization of the fatty acid desaturases from seven eukaryotic photosynthetic microalgae was undertaken according to the conserved histidine-rich motifs and phylogenetic profiles. Analysis of these genomes provided insight into the origin and evolution of the pathway of fatty acid biosynthesis in eukaryotic plants. In addition, the candidate enzyme from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the highest similarity to the microsomal Δ12 desaturase of Chlorella vulgaris was isolated, and its function was verified by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

ORiginal Article : Association of IL28B Genotypes and Baseline Serum Interferon-γ-Inducible-Protein-10 Levels with Treatment Response in Hepatitis C Virus Patients in China

( Renwen Zhang ),( Cuiping Shao ),( Na Huo ),( Minran Li ),( Xiaoyuan Xu ) 대한간학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.3

Background/Aims: Several studies have demonstrated that serum interferon-γ-inducible-protein-10 (IP-10) levels at baseline and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene were associated with viral response and treatment outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the combination of pretreatment IP-10 levels with IL28B SNPs as predictors of treatment response to pegylated interferon α-2a plus ribavirin in patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus in China. Methods: Seventy-two patients with chronic hepatitis C without fibrosis/cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. The virologic parameters and baseline serum IP-10 levels were determined. IL-28B genotypes were determined by sequencing. Results: In this cohort, serum baseline IP-10 levels lower than 426.7 pg/mL could predict rapid virological response/ sustained virological response (SVR). Patients carrying favorable IL28B SNP genotypes had higher SVRs than did those carrying unfavorable variants (IL28B rs12979860, p=0.002; IL28B rs8099917, p=0.020). Combining both baseline IP- 10 and IL28B SNPs could improve the prediction of SVR in favorable allele carriers of IL28B, rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT. Serum baseline IP-10 levels and IL28B genotypes were independent predictors of SVR. Conclusions: Our study shows that the combination of baseline serum IP-10 levels and the determination of IL28B SNPs increase the predictability of SVR rates in this cohort. (Gut Liver 2016;10:446-455)

Hepatitis B virus X protein-mediated non-coding RNA aberrations in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma

Bei Zhang,Siqi Han,Bing Feng,Xiaoyuan Chu,Longbang Chen,Rui Wang 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has an important role in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) can induce both genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as epigenetic aberrations in HCC pathogens. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly include microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although ncRNAs cannot code proteins, growing evidence has shown that they have various important biological functions in cell proliferation, cell cycle control, anti-apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms and emerging roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. Accumulated data have shown that ncRNAs regulated by HBx have a crucial role in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. The findings of these studies will contribute to more clinical applications of HBV-related ncRNAs as potential diagnostic markers or as molecular therapeutic targets to prevent and treat HBV-related HCC.

Factors controlling the geochemical differences between two types of rhyolites in the middle Okinawa Trough

Yuxiang Zhang,Zhigang Zeng,Xiaoyuan Wang,Shuai Chen,Xuebo Yin 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.1

The origin of the felsic volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough (OT) remains uncertain. In the middle Okinawa Trough (MOT), two types of rhyolites (type 1 and type 2 rhyolites) have been recognized. Research on the diverse volcanic rocks should be prioritized to determine the magmatic origins of these rocks. Consequently, in this article, the geochemical differences and controlling factors for these two types of MOT rhyolites are systematically discussed. Type 2 rhyolites have higher Dy/Yb and Nb/Ta ratios than type 1 rhyolites, implying that the former might be influenced by a greater contribution of amphibole. Quantitative models suggest that type 1 rhyolites could have formed via the remelting of andesites when amphiboles remain in the source, whereas type 2 rhyolites could have formed without residual amphiboles. These two distinct melting models effectively explain most discrepancies between the major and trace element compositions of type 1 and 2 rhyolites. Additionally, the lower Mg# and δEu values of type 2 rhyolites are partly caused by significant magmatic differentiation. Quasi-linear correlations between some major oxides, trace element ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios for type 2 rhyolites suggest that these rhyolites might have been contaminated by crustal rocks or melts with compositions similar to those of the Kueishantao (KST) andesites or the Middle Miocene upper crustal rocks of SW Japan. Therefore, isotopically enriched crustal materials likely remain in the OT crust.

Design Considerations of Iron-Based Nanoclusters for Noninvasive Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing

Huang, Xinglu,Zhang, Fan,Wang, Yu,Sun, Xiaolian,Choi, Ki Young,Liu, Dingbin,Choi, Jin-sil,Shin, Tae-Hyun,Cheon, Jinwoo,Niu, Gang,Chen, Xiaoyuan American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.5

<P/><P>Stem-cell-based therapies have attracted considerable interest in regenerative medicine and oncological research. However, a major limitation of systemic delivery of stem cells is the low homing efficiency to the target site. Here, we report a serendipitous finding that various iron-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) actively augment chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). On the basis of this observation, we designed an iron-based nanocluster that can effectively label MSCs, improve cell homing efficiency, and track the fate of the cells <I>in vivo</I>. Using this nanocluster, the labeled MSCs were accurately monitored by magnetic resonance imaging and improved the homing to both traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma models as compared to unlabeled MSCs. Our findings provide a simple and safe method for imaging and targeted delivery of stem cells and extend the potential applications of iron-based MNPs in regenerative medicine and oncology.</P>

Exploiting Anti-T-shaped Graphene Architecture to Form Low Tortuosity, Sieve-like Interfaces for High-Performance Anodes for Li-Based Cells

Wang, Dong,Zhang, Wei,Drewett, Nicholas E.,Liu, Xiaofei,Yoo, Seung Jo,Lee, Sang-Gil,Kim, Jin-Gyu,Deng, Ting,Zhang, Xiaoyu,Shi, Xiaoyuan,Zheng, Weitao American Chemical Society 2018 ACS central science Vol.4 No.1

<▼1><P/><P>Graphitic carbon anodes have long been used in Li ion batteries due to their combination of attractive properties, such as low cost, high gravimetric energy density, and good rate capability. However, one significant challenge is controlling, and optimizing, the nature and formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here it is demonstrated that carbon coating via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) facilitates high electrochemical performance of carbon anodes. We examine and characterize the substrate/vertical graphene interface (multilayer graphene nanowalls coated onto carbon paper via plasma enhanced CVD), revealing that these low-tortuosity and high-selection graphene nanowalls act as fast Li ion transport channels. Moreover, we determine that the hitherto neglected parallel layer acts as a protective surface at the interface, enhancing the anode performance. In summary, these findings not only clarify the synergistic role of the parallel functional interface when combined with vertical graphene nanowalls but also have facilitated the development of design principles for future high rate, high performance batteries.</P></▼1><▼2><P>We explored an anti-T-shaped graphene surface-coating concept which offers a low-tortuosity, sieve-like interface that may be exploited for optimized Li-based anodes.</P></▼2>

In vivo optical imaging of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) activity.

Zhu, Lei,Zhang, Fan,Ma, Ying,Liu, Gang,Kim, Kwangmeyung,Fang, Xuexun,Lee, Seulki,Chen, Xiaoyuan American Chemical Society 2011 Molecular pharmaceutics Vol.8 No.6

<P>Herein we demonstrate for the first time that a fluorogenic probe can be used as an in vivo imaging agent for visualizing activities of membrane-tethered, membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs). An MT-MMP fluorogenic probe that consisted of an MT1-MMP (MMP-14) substrate and near-infrared (NIR) dye-quencher pair exhibited rapid, efficient boosts in fluorescence upon cleavage by MT1-MMP in tumor-bearing mice. In particular, unlike similar fluorogenic probes designed to target extracellular, soluble-type MMPs (EC-MMPs)--which can be cleared from the bloodstream after activation--the fluorescence signals activated by MT1-MMP enable clear visualization of MT1-MMP-positive tumors in animal models for up to 24 h. The results indicate that a simple form of a fluorogenic probe that is less effective in EC-MMP imaging is an effective probe for imaging MT-MMP activities in vivo. These findings can be widely applied to designing probes and to applications targeting various membrane-anchored proteases in vivo.</P>

Long-term continuously monocropped peanut significantly disturbed the balance of soil fungal communities

Chen Mingna,Zhang Jiancheng,Liu Hu,Wang Mian,Pan LiJuan,Chen Na,Wang Tong,Jing Yu,Chi Xiaoyuan,Du Binghai 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.7

Balancing soil microbial diversity and abundance is critical to sustaining soil health, and understanding the dynamics of soil microbes in a monocropping system can help determine how continuous monocropping practices induce soil sickness mediated by microorganisms. This study used previously constructed gradient continuous monocropping plots and four varieties with different monocropping responses were investigated. The feedback responses of their soil fungal communities to short-term and long-term continuous monocropping were tracked using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The analyses indicated that soil samples from 1 and 2 year monocropped plots were grouped into one class, and samples from the 11 and 12 year plots were grouped into another, regardless of variety. At the species level, the F. solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Neocosmospora striata, Acrophialophora levis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus corrugatus, Thielavia hyrcaniae, Emericellopsis minima, and Scedosporium aurantiacum taxa showed significantly increased abundances in the long-term monocropping libraries compared to the short-term cropping libraries. In contrast, Talaromyces flavus, Talaromyces purpureogenus, Mortierella alpina, Paranamyces uniporus, and Volutella citrinella decreased in the long-term monocropping libraries compared to the shortterm libraries. This study, combined with our previous study, showed that fungal community structure was significantly affected by the length of the monocropping period, but peanut variety and growth stages were less important. The increase in pathogen abundances and the decrease in beneficial fungi abundances seem to be the main cause for the yield decline and poor growth of long-term monocultured peanut. Simplification of fungal community diversity could also contribute to peanut soil sickness under long-term monocropping. Additionally, the different responses of peanut varieties to monocropping may be related to variations in their microbial community structure.

Transcriptome analysis reveals salt-stress-regulated biological processes and key pathways in roots of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Shanlin Yu,Na Chen,Maowen Su,Xiaoyuan Chi,Zhimeng Zhang,Lijuan Pan,Mingna Chen,Tong Wang,Mian Wang,Zhen Yang 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.6

The cultivated peanut is important oil crop and salt stress seriously influences its development and yield. Tolerant varieties produced using transgenic techniques can effectively increase peanut plantation area and enhance its yields. However, little is known about how gene expression is regulated by salt stress in peanut. In this study, we screened genes regulated by salt stress in peanut roots using microarray technique. In total, 4828 up-regulated and 3752 down-regulated probe sets were successfully identified in peanut roots subjected to 3 and 48 h of salt stress. Data analysis revealed that different response groups existed between the up and down-regulated probe sets. The main up-regulated biological processes involved in salt stress responses included transcription regulation, stress response, and metabolism and biosynthetic processes. The main down-regulated biological processes included transport processes, photosynthesis and development. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis indicated that metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and plant–pathogen interaction, were mainly up-regulated in peanut under salt stress. However, photosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were mainly down-regulated during salt stress. The function of some probe sets in salt stress regulation was not clarified (e.g., protein functioning in cell cycle regulation and xylem development). Many of the genes we identified lacked functional annotations and their roles in response to salt stress are yet to be elucidated. These results identified some candidate genes as potential markers and showed an overview of the transcription map, which may yield some useful insights into salt-mediated signal transduction pathways in peanut.