Effects of Center of Pressure on Muscle Activations and Joint Range of Motion of Lower Extremities during Squat

( Woo Ram Yoon ),( Sang Heon Park ),( Chan Hyeok Jeong ),( Ji Ho Park ),( Suk-hoon Yoon ) 한국운동역학회 2018 한국운동역학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze muscle activation of the lower extremities as a function of changes of the center of pressure (CoP) of the foot during squats in order to provide quantitative information to trainers who would like to teach correct movements for developing muscles. Method: Ten men with over three years of weight training experience participated in this study (age: 26.1 ± 0.8 yrs, height: 171.2 ± 3.9 cm, body mass: 71.1 ± 5.7 kg, 60%RM: 84 ± 9 kg, career: 4.0 ± 0.7 yrs). The participants were instructed to perform a squat in each of 3 conditions, with different CoP's (the front, middle, and rear of the foot). Results: The position of the CoP showed significant differences according to instructions in both the eccentric and concentric contraction phases (p < .05). The range of movement of the hip and ankle joints showed significant differences corresponding to changes of the CoP position (p < .05). The rectus femoris and gluteus maximus muscle showed significant differences for different CoP positions only in the concentric contraction phase, while the gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis were significantly different in both the concentric and eccentric contraction phase (p < .05). Conclusion: When the target muscle of squat training is the gastrocnemius, the CoP should be located in the front of the foot for effective muscle training. When the target muscles of squat training are the gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris, the CoP should be located on the rear of the foot.

End-to-End Azide-Bridged Manganese(III) Chain Compounds: Field-Induced Magnetic Phase Transitions and Variation of <i>T</i>_C to 38 K Depending on the Side Groups of the Schiff Bases

Yoon, Jung Hee,Lee, Woo Ram,Ryu, Dae Won,Lee, Jin Wuk,Yoon, Sung Won,Suh, Byoung Jin,Kim, Hyoung Chan,Hong, Chang Seop American Chemical Society 2011 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.50 No.21

<P>Three one-dimensional coordination polymers [Mn(L)(N<SUB>3</SUB>)]<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> [L = L1 (<B>1</B>), L2 (<B>2</B>), L3 (<B>3</B>); L1H<SUB>2</SUB> = <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(5-chlorosalicylideneiminato)-1,3-diaminopentane, L2H<SUB>2</SUB> = <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(5-bromosalicylideneiminato)-1,3-diaminopentane, L3H<SUB>2</SUB> = <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(5-bromosalicylideneiminato)-1,3-diamino-2-dimethylpropane] bridged by end-to-end azides were prepared. The crystal systems differ according to the Schiff bases used. Each Mn atom adopts a typical Jahn–Teller distortion. The helicity of the chains occurs in a racemic manner only for <B>2</B>. No noncovalent forces are relevant in <B>2</B>, while π–π contacts are visible in <B>1</B> and <B>3</B>. Magnetic measurements show the presence of apparent spin canting. Complexes <B>1</B> and <B>3</B> exhibit a field-induced metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a weak ferromagnetic phase, whereas <B>2</B> embraces a field-induced two-step magnetic phase transition. The critical temperature is observed at 38 K for <B>2</B>, which is relatively higher than those for <B>1</B> (11 K) and <B>3</B> (10 K). The pronounced long-range order may contribute from intrachain exchange couplings and through-space dipolar interactions between adjacent chains.</P><P>Three azide-linked Mn<SUP>III</SUP> coordination chains with different tetradentate Schiff bases were prepared. Magnetic properties show that spin canting is operating in these complexes. A long-range order occurs in <B>2</B> with a relatively high <I>T</I><SUB>C</SUB> of 38 K, which is compared with <B>1</B> (11 K) and <B>3</B> (10 K). The enhanced critical temperature in <B>2</B> may be associated with stronger intrachain magnetic coupling and through-space dipolar interaction.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2011/inocaj.2011.50.issue-21/ic2013232/production/images/medium/ic-2011-013232_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic2013232'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic2013232'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic2013232'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic2013232'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Malonyl Ginsenosides Isolated from Panax ginseng Roots

Woo Cheol Shin(신우철),Ji Yun Jung(정지윤),Da Hye Yoon(윤다혜),Seon Min Oh(오선민),Bo Ram Choi(최보람),Young Seob Lee(이영섭),Geum Soog Kim(김금숙),Dae Young Lee(이대영) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.1

Metabolomics reveals that Curcuma longa and demethoxycurcumin inhibit HCT116 human colon cancer cell growth

Yoon Dahye,Choi Bo-Ram,Shin Woo Cheol,Kim Kwan-Woo,Lee Young-Seob,Lee Dae Young 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

Studies on the use of natural products to treat cancer are ongoing, and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a medicinal crop, is known for various effects including anticancer activity. In this study, the inhibitory effect of C. longa and demethoxycurcumin on cancer cell growth in a colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) was investigated by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics. For this analysis, HCT116 cells were treated with doxorubicin (positive control), C. longa extract, or demethoxycurcumin (20, 40, and 60 μM). In the NMR spectra of the HCT116 cell extract, 45 metabolites were identified and quantified. The quantified metabolites were analyzed by biomarker analysis, and significantly changed metabolites were filtered by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Multivariate statistical analysis of NMR spectra was conducted to confirm the distribution among groups. Through an S-line plot, it was possible to identify metabolites that contributed to the differences seen in the OPLS-DA score plot. Taken together, the results reveal that C. longa extract induces oxidative stress and changes the energy metabolism in HCT116 cells, and that demethoxycurcumin inhibits the energy metabolism strategy for the survival of cancer cells, escape from immune cells, and cancer cell proliferation, thereby enabling the survival of HCT116 cells.

Metabolomic Approaches for Origin Discrimination of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer by Multi-Platform Metabolomics

Woo Cheol Shin,Dahye Yoon,Seon Min Oh,Bo-Ram Choi,Yunji Lee,Hyoung-Geun Kim,Nam-In Baek,Geum-Soog Kim,Min-Ho Lee,Dae Young Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is distributed and cultivated in Korea, China, and Japan. Although their genetic information is the same, metabolites are different depending on the environmental factors of the cultivation region, and these metabolite changes cause differences in pharmacological effects. Metabolomics refers to the study of comprehensive metabolic changes occurring in the body. These metabolites may vary depending on disease, organic mutations, or environmental factors. For this reason, metabolites can be used for biomarkers. NMR and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS are the most widely used instruments for metabolite analysis. Recently, in metabolic studies, multi-platform metabolic studies using a combination of various instruments have been actively conducted, and this method can further help interpret metabolic analysis results. In this study, in order to determine the origin of ginseng and analyze biomarkers, metabolites of P. ginseng grown in Korea, China, and Japan were analyzed through multi-platform metabolomics using NMR and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The origins of P. ginseng were discriminated using multivariate statistical analysis and the candidate of biomarkers were identified.

Application of CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2] to Andong Reservoir: Part II: Simulations of Chlorophyll a and Total Phosphorus Dynamics

Ram, Bhattarai Prasid,Kim, Yoon-Hee,Kim, Bom-Chul,Heo, Woo-Myung The Korean Society of Limnology 2008 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.1

The calibrated Andong Reservoir hydro-dynamic module (PART I) of the 2-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2], was applied to examine the dynamics of total phosphorus, and chlorophyll $\alpha$ concentration within Andong Reservoir. The modeling effort was supported with the data collected in the field for a five year period. In general, the model achieved a good accuracy throughout the calibration period for both chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ and total phosphorus concentration. The greatest deviation in algal concentration occurred on $10^{th}$ October, starting at the layer just beneath the surface layer and extending up to the depth of 35 m. This deviation is principally attributed to the effect of temperature on the algal growth rate. Also, on the same date, the model over-predicts hypolimnion and epilimnion total phosphorus concentration but under-predicts the high concentrated plume in the metalimnion. The large amount of upwelling of finer suspended solid particles, and re-suspension of the sediments laden with phosphorus, are thought to have caused high concentration in the epilimnion and hypolimnion, respectively. Nevertheless, the model well reproduced the seasonal dynamics of both chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentration. Also, the model tracked the interflow of high phosphorus concentration plume brought by the turbid discharge during the Asian summer monsoon season. Two different hypothetical discharge scenarios (discharge from epilimnetic, and hypolimnetic layers) were analyzed to understand the response of total phosphorus interflow plume on the basis of differential discharge gate location. The simulated results showed that the hypolimnetic discharge gate operation ($103{\sim}113\;m$) was the most effective reservoir structural control method in quickly discharging the total phosphorus plume (decrease of in-reservoir concentration by 219% than present level).

Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Cyanide-Bridged W^VMn^III Anionic Coordination Polymers Containing Divalent Cationic Moieties: Slow Magnetic Relaxations and Spin Crossover Phenomenon

Yoon, Jung Hee,Lim, Kwang Soo,Ryu, Dae Won,Lee, Woo Ram,Yoon, Sung Won,Suh, Byoung Jin,Hong, Chang Seop American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.53 No.19

<P>Two trimetallic coordination complexes were prepared by self-assembly of [W(CN)<SUB>8</SUB>]<SUP>3–</SUP> and the Mn(III) Schiff base followed by the addition of a Zn(II) or Fe(II) cationic unit. The octacyanotungstate connects neighboring Mn(III) centers to form a one-dimensional chain. The anionic chain requires cationic units of Zn(II) or Fe(II) to maintain charge balance in the structure. The Zn-containing complex shows ferrimagnetic behavior originating from the antiparallel alignment of W(V) and Mn(III) spins within the chain, which leads to slow magnetic relaxation at low temperatures. For the Fe(II)-containing compound, Fe(II) moieties are integrated into the ferrimagnetic chains, altering their spin states depending on the temperature. It appears that the coexistence of high- and low-spin states in the low temperature regime is responsible for the slower and faster relaxations of the magnetization.</P><P>Trimetallic complexes were prepared by self-assembly of [W(CN)<SUB>8</SUB>]<SUP>3−</SUP> and the Mn(III) Schiff base, followed by the addition of a Zn(II) or Fe(II) cationic unit. The W<SUP>V</SUP>Mn<SUP>III</SUP> anionic chains were separated by the cationic moieties, which causes the slow magnetization relaxation. The Fe(II)-containing compound showed a distinct single-chain magnet behavior at low temperatures and spin crossover at high temperatures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-19/ic501506s/production/images/medium/ic-2014-01506s_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic501506s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Synthetic Polymer Membranes as a Proxy of Skins in Permeation Studies of Biologically Active Compounds

Hwang, Yoon-Kyun,Choi, Jang-Won,Hwang, Cheng-Hwan,Park, Woo-Ram,Park, Ki-Dong,Suh, Kyung-Do,Kim, Jin-Woong 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.4

This study provides a practical approach that can afford evaluation of drug compound permeability through the skin in which synthetic polymer membranes are used as a proxy. For this, permeation behaviors of a variety of drug molecules through the synthetic membranes were characterized under the iontophoresis condition as well as passive delivery. As a proof of concept, the permeability of caffeine and $Triamiondil^{TM}$, both of which are model drug compounds, through the membranes correlated with conventional use of porcine skin. The synthetic polymer membranes showed similar drug permeation patterns to that of the porcine skin, which allowed us to apply them to an alternate to the animal skin. Moreover, the application of iontophoresis to the device system enabled the drug molecules to pass through both the polymer membranes and porcine skin. Our study also verified that drug permeation is substantially influenced by the current direction that likely drives either electrorepulsion or electroosmosis under iontophoretic conditions.

Analytic Model of S/D Series Resistance in Trigate FinFETs With Polygonal Epitaxy

Chang-Woo Sohn,Chang Yong Kang,Myung-Dong Ko,Do-Young Choi,Hyun Chul Sagong,Eui-Young Jeong,Chan-Hoon Park,Sang-Hyun Lee,Ye-Ram Kim,Chang-Ki Baek,Jeong-Soo Lee,Lee, J. C.,Yoon-Ha Jeong IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.60 No.4

<P>In this paper, a simple but accurate model is presented to analyze source/drain (S/D) series resistance in trigate fin field-effect transistors, particularly on triangular or pentagonal rather than rectangular epitaxy. The model includes the contribution of spreading, sheet, and contact resistances. Although the spreading and sheet resistances are evaluated modifying standard models, the contact resistance is newly modeled using equivalent models of lossy transmission lines and transformations of 3-D to 2-D geometry. Compared with series resistance extracted from 3-D numerical simulations, the model shows excellent agreement, even when the S/D geometry, silicide contact resistivity, and S/D doping concentration are varied. We find that the series resistance is influenced more by contact surface area than by carrier path from the S/D extension to the silicide contact. To meet the series resistance targeted in the semiconductor roadmap, both materials and geometry will need to be optimized, i.e., lowering the silicide contact resistivity and keeping high doping concentration as well as maximizing the contact surface area, respectively.</P>

C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Survival Outcomes in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Total Mesorectal Excision After Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy

Kim, Woo Ram,Han, Yoon Dae,Min, Byung Soh Springer - Society of Surgical Oncology 2018 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.25 No.13