Distributed Robust Control for Nonlinear Systems using Wireless Neural Control

Wen Ren,Bugong Xu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2015 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.13 No.5

This paper is concerned with the synthesis of a class of nonlinear system over the wireless neural control network (WNCN) which refers to a group of neuron nodes interacting with each other by radio connection. The nonlinear system is modeled by a standard neural network model (SNNM) which is the interconnection of a linear dynamic system and bounded static nonlinear operators. The WNCN treats itself as a fully distributed nonlinear dynamic controller. The unreliable wireless communication links within WNCN are modeled by fading channels. By constructing appropriate discrete-time Lyapunov function, the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is discussed in particular for the cases with stochastic perturbations induced by packet losses. The connection weights among the neuron nodes that guarantee stability of the system can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem with some linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. A numerical example is given to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Supragingival Plaque Microbial Community Analysis of Children with Halitosis^s

( Wen Ren ),( Qun Zhang ),( Xuenan Liu ),( Shuguo Zheng ),( Lili Ma ),( Feng Chen ),( Tao Xu ),( Baohua Xu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.12

As one of the most complex human-associated microbial habitats, the oral cavity harbors hundreds of bacteria. Halitosis is a prevalent oral condition that is typically caused by bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbial communities and predict functional profiles in supragingival plaque from healthy individuals and those with halitosis. Ten preschool children were enrolled in this study; five with halitosis and five without. Supragingival plaque was isolated from each participant and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was used to identify the microbes present. Samples were primarily composed of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Candidate phylum TM7. The α and β diversity indices did not differ between healthy and halitosis subjects. Fifteen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified with significantly different relative abundances between healthy and halitosis plaques, and included the phylotypes of Prevotella sp., Leptotrichia sp., Actinomyces sp., Porphyromonas sp., Selenomonas sp., Selenomonas noxia, and Capnocytophaga ochracea. We suggest that these OTUs are candidate halitosis-associated pathogens. Functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt, and nine level-3 KEGG Orthology groups were significantly different. Hub modules of co-occurrence networks implied that microbes in halitosis dental plaque were more highly conserved than microbes of healthy individuals` plaque. Collectively, our data provide a background for the oral microbiota associated with halitosis from supragingival plaque, and help explain the etiology of halitosis.

Exploring the oral microflora of preschool children

Wen Ren,Qun Zhang,Xuenan Liu,Shuguo Zheng,Lili Ma,Feng Chen,Tao Xu,Baohua Xu 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.7

The oral cavity is one of the most important and complicated habitats in our body and supports diverse microbial communities. In this study, we aimed to determine the bacterial diversity and composition of various oral micro-niches. Samples were collected from supragingival plaque, saliva, and tongue coating from 10 preschool children (30 samples total). 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing dataset generated 314,639 clean reads with an average of 10,488 ± 2,787 reads per sample. The phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were predominant, accounting for more than 90% of the total sequences. We found the highest α diversity, microbial richness, and evenness in plaque, compared with saliva and tongue coating. Plaque was also distinguished from saliva and tongue coating by phylogenetic distances (weighted UniFrac). Taxa with different relative abundances were further identified, confirming the existence of microbial differences across the three niches. Core microbiomes were defined of each niche; however, only a small proportion of operational taxonomic units (8.07%) were shared by the three niches. Coaggregation between Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp. and other correlations among periodontal pathogens, such as Prevotella, Fusobacteria, Capnocytophaga, and Tannerella, were shown by a co-occurrence network. In summary, our study provides a framework of oral microbial communities in the population of preschool children as a baseline for further studies of oral diseases related to microbes.

Behaviour of Steel Frames Exposed to Different Fire Spread Scenarios

Wen Ren 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.2

Structural stability is highly important for the safe evacuation of occupants and safe access to fire-fighters in accidental fire events. In this paper, the effect of fire protection of beams on the fire resistance of heated columns is studied firstly, and the results show that fire protection of beams may have little effect on the behaviours of heated columns as the heating time of fire spread scenario is short in this study. Then, the behaviours of 3D steel frames subjected to seven different fire spread scenarios have been investigated. The effects of fire source location, occurrence time of fire spread, and direction of fire spread on the fire resistance of steel frame are comprehensively studied. In case of horizontal fire spread scenarios with different fire source compartments, collapse occurs when the corner and long edge compartments are fire source compartments. A stable catenary mechanism of beam could improve and control the collapse time and range. The corner column may bear the catenary tensions in two horizontal directions, and the lateral stiffness of corner column should be crucial for the design of structural fire. For the non-insulated steel frame, the maximum temperature and maximum axial force of heated columns appear at same time and collapse finally happens in the scenario that fire spread when the gas temperature of fire source compartment reaches the peak temperature. The time of most adverse spread for the non-insulated steel frame should be that when the gas temperature of fire source compartment reaches the peak temperature. The influence of vertical fire spread on heated columns may be smaller than that of horizontal fire spread, but vertical fire spread had great influence on fire resistance of beam. According to this study, spread range, duration, and fire temperature are the three most critical factors of fire spread, and the adverse horizontal spread scenario could be mainly selected from these factors.

Ultrasensitive detection of microbial cells using magnetic focus enhanced lateral flow sensors

Ren, Wen,Cho, Il-Hoon,Zhou, Zhongwu,Irudayaraj, Joseph The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Chemical communications Vol.52 No.27

<P>We report on an improved lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) sensor with a magnetic focus for ultrasensitive naked-eye detection of pathogenic microorganisms at a near single cell limit without any pre-enrichment steps, by allowing the magnetic probes to focus the labelled pathogens to the target zone of the LF strip.</P>

Recent development of biotin conjugation in biological imaging, sensing, and target delivery

Ren, Wen Xiu,Han, Jiyou,Uhm, Soojin,Jang, Yu Jin,Kang, Chulhun,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Jong Seung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Chemical communications Vol.51 No.52

<P>Despite encouraging results from preliminary studies of anticancer therapies, the lack of tumor specificity remains an important issue in the modern pharmaceutical industry. New findings indicate that biotin or biotin-conjugates could be favorably assimilated by tumor cells that over-express biotin-selective transporters. Furthermore, biotin can form stable complexes with avidin and its bacterial counterpart streptavidin. The strong bridging between avidin and biotin moieties on other molecules is a proven adaptable tool with broad biological applications. Under these circumstances, a biotin moiety is certainly an attractive choice for live-cell imaging, biosensing, and target delivery.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Biotin is a promising targeting unit for carcinoma cell lines and the avidin–biotin technology is an exceedingly flexible tool for pretargeting and vector targeting. Thus, biotin conjugation is an attractive choice for achieving site-specific sensing, labeling, and delivery. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cc03075g'> </P>

The Influence of Pituitary Adenoma Size on Vision and Visual Outcomes after Trans-Sphenoidal Adenectomy : A Report of 78 Cases

Ho, Ren-Wen,Huang, Hsiu-Mei,Ho, Jih-Tsun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2015 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.57 No.1

Objective : The aims of this study were to investigate the quantitative relationship between pituitary macroadenoma size and degree of visual impairment, and assess visual improvement after surgical resection of the tumor. Methods : The medical records of patients with pituitary adenoma, who had undergone trans-sphenoidal adenectomy between January 2009 and January 2011, were reviewed. Patients underwent an ocular examination and brain MRI before and after surgery. The visual impairment score (VIS) was derived by combining the scores of best-corrected visual acuity and visual field. The relationship between VIS and tumor size/tumor type/position of the optic chiasm was assessed. Results : Seventy-eight patients were included (41 male, 37 female). Thirty-two (41%) patients experienced blurred vision or visual field defect as an initial symptom. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that tumors <2.2 cm tended to cause minimal or no visual impairment. Statistical analysis showed that 1) poor preoperative vision is related to tumor size, displacement of the optic chiasm in the sagittal view on MRI and optic atrophy, and 2) poorer visual prognosis is associated with greater preoperative VIS. In multivariate analysis the only factor significantly related to VIS improvement was increasing pituitary adenoma size, which predicted decreased improvement. Conclusion : Results from this study show that pituitary adenomas larger than 2 cm cause defects in vision while adenomas 2 cm or smaller do not cause significant visual impairment. Patients with a large macroadenoma or giant adenoma should undergo surgical resection as soon as possible to prevent permanent visual loss.

鄭齊斗對《大學》經典文本的疏解

任文利(Ren Wen-li) 한국양명학회 2009 陽明學 Vol.0 No.22

『大學』의 문제는 양명학의 전형적인 문제이며, 강화학파와 한국양명학의 개창자로서 정제두는 똑같이 이 한 문제를 중시했다. 본문에서는 먼저 『대학』 의 작자와 그 유가경전에 있어서의 지위 문제에 대한 하곡의 관점을 고찰한다. 하곡은 주자가 『대학』 傳文을 증자 문인이 기록한 것으로 귀결시킨 것에 불만을 가졌으며, 『대학』 전편 모두 증자가 지은 것으로 간주했고, 또 공자에게 전수받아서 지은 것이라 여겼다. 이것과 서로 관계되는 것은, 하곡이 『대학』의 유가경전 안에서의 지위를 매우 높은 것으로 받들었으며 유가경전 안에는 이와 같은 책이 없다고 여겼다는 점이다. 이에 대해서 말하면, 하곡은 중국양명학의 태주학파가 달성했던 것과 일치한다. 본문에서는, 하곡과 羅近溪가 관련된 문제의 관점 상에서 놀라운 일치성이 있고, 직접적인 증거가 드러나 있지는 않지만, 하곡의 관련된 설명은 나근계의 영향을 받아서 이르게 된 것임을 지적하였다. 다음으로, 본문에서는 『하곡집』 권13 가운데 『대학』과 관련된 논저의 구체적 정황을 고찰하였다. 「대학3」ㆍ「대학4」ㆍ「대학5」 세 편의 글은 하곡의 동일한 글의 다른 본(버전)일 가능성이 높으며, 또한 세 편의 글은 똑같이 하곡의 최종 정론이 아니다. 하곡의 대학 分章에 관련된 최종 정론은 「대학7」 한 편에 있으며, 이 글은 「대학1」(『대학』의 고본원문), 「대학2」의 관점과 일치하는 것이다. 「대학6」과 「大學經文二截圖」 역시 똑같이 하곡의 『대학』에 관련된 해석의 성숙기 때 작품이며, 「대학설」은 비록 하곡의 『대학』과 관련된 언설의 집성이지만, 편찬 체계는 또한 대체로 어수선하게 나타나되, 그 가운데에는 또한 하곡의 『대학』과 관련된 문제에 대한 관점의 바뀔 수 없는 논의들이 있다. 셋째, 본문에서는 하곡의 『대학』 본문에 대한 해석을 중점적으로 고찰하였다. 하곡은 주자가 經과 傳으로 『대학』을 분해하는 작법에 반대하였고, 최종적으로 『대학』 원문을 6장으로 나누었으며, 후반 4장은 ”대학』원문 자체에 명료함이 있기 때문에 주자와 다르지 않다. 首章은 주자가 말한 經文 부분에 해당되고, 그 나머지 부분은 제2장 ‘성의장’(또 ‘明德誠意章’이라고도 칭한다)이 된다. 하곡의『 대학』 원문에 대한 정리의 관건은 ‘格致章’을 『대학』 수장(‘至善致知’로 그 장의 요지를 개괄한다)에 놓았다는 데 있다. 하곡은 ‘止於至善’이 『대학』 3강령 중에서 ‘강령중의 강령’이 되며 그 조목이 곧 ‘격물치지’라고 생각하였다. 이와 관련하여, 3강령과 8조목 사이에는 또한 똑같이 서로 대응하는 관계가 있다. 하곡은 『대학』「수장」의 본말ㆍ종시ㆍ선후 등의 어휘가 가리키는 것에 대한 독특한 해석을 통과해서, 『대학』 「수장」이 긴밀하게 구성되어 상위에서부터 호응하는 하나로 일관된 원문이 되도록 하였는데, 「대학6」과 「대학경문이절도」에서 말하는 주요 논지는 곧 여기에 있다. 하곡의 『대학』 경전에 대한 정리는 이미 주자와 같지 않으며, 또한 양명과도 같지 않은 것이 있지만, 그러나 처음부터 끝까지 ‘격물치지’라는 이 하나의 『대학』에서 가장 핵심적인 문제에 대한 하곡의 해석은, 시종 왕양명과 상관되는 義理 해석을 견지한다. 다만 하곡의 『대학』에 대한 해석이라는 이 한 문제로부터 볼 때, 그는 시종 하나의 견고하고 안정된 양명학자이며, 조금의 동요됨도 없었다. 그러나 하곡의 『대학』 본문에 대한 해석은 또한 자신만의 체계를 이루는 것이며, 이치로 볼 때 마땅히 『대학』 경전 해석의 역사 안에서 한 자리를 차지해야 할 것이다.

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluating Residual Breast Tissue After Robotic-Assisted Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in Women With Early Breast Cancer

Wu Wen-Pei,Lai Hung-Wen,Liao Chiung-Ying,Lin Joseph,Huang Hsin-I,Chen Shou-Tung,Chou Chen-Te,Chen Dar-Ren 대한영상의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.24 No.7

Objective: Prospective studies on postoperative residual breast tissue (RBT) after robotic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (R-NSM) for breast cancer are limited. RBT presents an unknown risk of local recurrence or the development of new cancer after curative or risk-reducing mastectomies. This study investigated the technical feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate RBT after R-NSM in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this prospective pilot study, 105 patients, who underwent R-NSM for breast cancer at Changhua Christian Hospital between March 2017 and May 2022, were subjected to postoperative breast MRI to evaluate the presence and location of RBT. The postoperative MRI scans of 43 patients (age, 47.8 ± 8.5 years), with existing preoperative MRI scans, were evaluated for the presence and location of RBT. In total, 54 R-NSM procedures were performed. In parallel, we reviewed the literature on RBT after nipple-sparing mastectomy, considering its prevalence. Results: RBT was detected in 7 (13.0%) of the 54 mastectomies (6 of the 48 therapeutic mastectomies and 1 of the 6 prophylactic mastectomies). The most common location for RBT was behind the nipple-areolar complex (5 of 7 [71.4%]). Another RBT was found in the upper inner quadrant (2 of 7 [28.6%]). Among the six patients who underwent RBT after therapeutic mastectomies, one patient developed a local recurrence of the skin flap. The other five patients with RBT after therapeutic mastectomies remained disease-free. Conclusion: R-NSM, a surgical innovation, does not seem to increase the prevalence of RBT, and breast MRI showed feasibility as a noninvasive imaging tool for evaluating the presence and location of RBT.

Positive Association of TEAD1 With Schizophrenia in a Northeast Chinese Han Population

Yang Sun,Lin Wen,Yi-Yang Luo,Wen-Juan Hu,Hui-Wen Ren,Ye Lv,Cong Zhang,Ping Gao,Li-Na Xuan,Guan-Yu Wang,Cheng-Jie Li,Zhi-Xin Xiang,Zhi-Lin Luan 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.12

Objective Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic background. However, much uncertainty still exists about the role of genetic susceptibility in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) is a transcription factor associated with neurodevelopment and has modulating effects on various nervous system diseases. In the current study, we performed a case–control association study in a Northeast Chinese Han population to explore the characteristics of pathogenic <i>TEAD1</i> polymorphisms and potential association with schizophrenia.Methods We recruited a total of 721 schizophrenia patients and 1,195 healthy controls in this study. The 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene region of <i>TEAD1</i> were selected and genotyped.Results The genetic association analyses showed that five SNPs (rs12289262, rs6485989, rs4415740, rs7113256, and rs1866709) were significantly different between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in allele or/and genotype frequencies. After Bonferroni correction, the association of three SNPs (rs4415740, rs7113256, and rs1866709) with schizophrenia were still evident. Haplotype analysis revealed that two strong linkage disequilibrium blocks (rs6485989-rs4415740-rs7113256 and rs16911710-rs12364619-rs1866709) were globally associated with schizophrenia. Four haplotypes (C-C-C and T-T-T, rs6485989-rs4415740-rs7113256; G-T-A and G-T-G, rs16911710-rs12364619-rs1866709) were significantly different between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.Conclusion The current findings indicated that the human <i>TEAD1</i> gene has a genetic association with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population and may act as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.