韓國産 모기의 生態學的 硏究 : 第二編 韓國産 Anpheles屬 모기의 生態學的 硏究

元炳徽,洪漢基 東國大學校 1968 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Biological investigations were carried out in the western plain area of Okku-gun, Cholla-pukdo province in 1964, in the hilly area of Asan-gun, Chungchong-namdo province in 1965, and in mountinous area of Andong-gun in 1966, Chongsong-gun in 1967 and Yongju-gun, Kyonsang-Pukdo province in 1963 and 1968. 1. Anopheline mosquitoes found during the investigation period are as follows: 1) Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann. 1825 2) Anopheles yatsushiroensis Miyasaki. 1951 3) Anopheles sineroides Yamada. 1925 4) Anopheles koreicus Yamada & Watanabe. 1918 5) Anopheles lindesayi japonicus Yamada. 1918 1),2),3) among the five species of Anophline mosquitoes were distributed in all of the studied areas, however 4) and 5) were found in the mountinous area. 2. Population density and seasonal appearance of Anopheline mosquitoes. A. sinensis is the widely distributed and predominant species in the all investigated areas, and shows the higher density in the plain area than the mountinous area. This species is to be appeared from begining of march and to be disappeared in October, and shows the peak population density in July during the mosquito season. A. yatsushiroensis is a widely distributed common species, and to be appeared from May to October with two peaks in June and September. The population density of this species in mountinous area is higher than the plain area. A. sineroides is widely distributed species but rare. Seasonal appearance of this species was from May to October and higher population was shown in mountinous area. A. koreicus and A. lindesayi japonicus is the species to be appeared in mountinous area and colledted from May to October, however A. lindesayi japonicus is very rare and limited breeding species in the mountinous area. 3. Feeding habits of Anopheline mosquitoes In the early spring A. sinensis was collected in open air by daytime cowbiting collection under the low temperature and earlier day of catching was the third of March and latest day was the 14th of May. The total average number of A. sinensis collected by per day was 5.7 mosquitoes in Sangchapo village and 7.5 in Hachapo in 1966. The number of A. sinensis collected in the afternoon was higher than the morning and fair day was higher than cloudy. The feeding activity at night was continued throughout the night. The peak period of feeding activity through the noght had shown in different time in each month such as between 21.00-22.00 hours in June, 24.00-01.00 hours in July, 03.00-04.00 hours in August and 21.00-22.00 hours in September. The minimum temperature for feeding activity was 14℃ and optimum was between 24-25℃ in the field. Night time feeding activity of A. yatsushiroensis was throughout the night and shown two peak periods at two hours before and after from the sun-rise and the sun-set. The other species of sineriodes and loreicus were not shown the special peak period of feeding at night. A. sinensis shown the zoophilism, however in Okku area the human biting rate was the 16 times higher than Asan area, and a number of biting mosquito in out door were 1.3 times higher than indoor. The light attraction of A. sinensis is 2.5 times higher by one candle food. The human biting rate of A. yatsushiroensis was 13.4% higher than A. sinensis by experimental feeding test. 4. Resting habits of Anopheles mosquites Anopheline mosquitoes were collected in most of the places in house, but the main resting places were cow shed (82.1%) and pigsty(12.4%). Out of 7.125 Anopheline mosquitoes collected from the houses since from 1964 to 1967, and A. sinensis was 88.2% A. yatsushiroensis 1.4%, A. sineroides 3.5% and koreicus 6.9%. From the resting place collections in outdoor, A. sinensis and A. yatsushiroensis are 61.6% and 52.4% from parsley field, 9.1% and 24.0% from seed bed of rice field, and other 11% and 9% fromother resting places such as bean field, vegetable, potatoes and so on. In the Experimental trap but collection, the collected number of A. sinensis in exit window trap were 76.4% in July and 81.3% in August, and 95.7% in July and 97.1% in August for A. yatsushiroensis. 5. Out of 1349 female of A. sinensis released from DDT sprayed room(DDT 2g/㎡), 29% of A.sinensis were collected from exit window trap and 42% of A. sinensis were dead mosquitoes in the sprayed room. 24 hours survival test of A. sinensis which was collected from exit window trap showed the 74% mortality and 8% of total released mosquitoes was only alived. 6. Parous rate of A. sinensis in Asan area were 50.5% in June, 64.4% in July, 82.7% in August, 93.5% in September and the parous rate of A. yatsushiroensis were 71.9% in June, 74.3% in July, 87.9% in August. 7. Main breeding place of Anopheline mosquitoes were rice field, stream, pond and parsley field. 8. Malaria in fection of Anopheline mosquitoes Two A. sinensis were found to be positive for sporozoite from salivary gland dissection out of 4018 females in 1967 and one A. yatsushiroensis was found to be positive for oocyst from stomach dissection out of 89 females in 1966. In 1968 four species of Anopheline mosquites were tested for experimental infection of malaria (p. vivax), and one A. sinensis was infected for oocyst among eight females tested and three A. yatsushiroensis were infected for one oocyst and two sporozoite among nine tested females. Other species were not infected. 9. Filaria (B. malayi) infection of mosqitoes One female of A. yatsushiroensis was found to be infective of filarial larvae out of 89 dissected mosquitoes in 1966 and six females of A. sinensis were found to be positive out of 1380 dissected females in 1967. Experimental infection of microfilariae(B. malayi) to the Anopheline mosquitoes were carred out in 1968. Twelve females of A. sinensis were infected among thirty five tested females, ten females of A. yatsushirionsis were infected (62.5%) out of the sexteen, and nine of A. sineroides were infected (90%) among ten females.

許筠文學의 硏究 : 散文(隨筆)을 中心으로 with Emphasis on his Essays

鄭炳洪 順天大學校 1983 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.2 No.-

It is the goal of this paper to discuss some properties which are found in the writings of Heo-Gyun. My accounts of the properties will be based on those concerning politics, literature, and destiny, respectively. First, in such writings as Hanjungloksuh, Haklon, Yujailon, Huloklon, Suhbyunbilogosuh, Byunglon, Hominlon and Soinlon appear his strong political ambition and reformative will-power. What stands out in those writings is that all ulitmate responsibilities are shifteed on to the King himself, which takes the form of trying to awaken the King on the relevant problems. Heo-Gyun's indignation against the politics of the times can be regarded as the natural outcome of what the intellectuals could aim at considering 'Imjinwaelan', Hideyoshi's Invasion of Korea in 1592. Second, it is shown that Heo-Gyun's valiant sprits are reflected in many of his writings. From his point of view on literature, Song-inaong-whanjisan-suh and Gosisunsuh are good examples of the manifestation of those spirits of his. In those two are shown his long cherished desire for literature and also efforts made to exhibit part of his pride and dignity. His writings include Myungsasisunsuh, Gusomunyakbal, Munsul, and Yeoisongok, where there are shown strong objections against the literary tendency to tread in the footsteps of the socalled, old great matsers'. 'Possess a style of your own', his cry for literary progress reflects not only his commitment to the nature of literature as such, but his expression of his confidence in literature. This confidence of Heo-Gyun is also to be seen in one of his writings, Saujaigi, in which he considers himself to be one of 'Four Companions' including Doyunmyung, Yi Tai baik, and So-dongpa. Heo-Gyun is a worshipper of both Kwon Sukjoo and Yisongok. This is a fact shown in such writings as Sukjoosogosuh, Songokjipsuh and Songoksaninjun, though he seems to set the higher value on the former than on the latter. Heo-Gyun's Sibyun contains his suggestions on the writing of poetry and the right way to poetry as well, the further study of which is required by those interested in this field. Lastly, Heo-Gyun's ill fated life is reflected in Dongjungbu and Sagubu an Bukkwibu, in each of which is shown his contemplation of 'man's fate' more than anyone else. He failed to struggle against his own misfortune, and accordingly he does not hesitate to compare himself to an abandoned woman in Sokjungheebu and also Mongyuyongwangjungbu and Hwebyuksa. However, these examples only give Heo-Gyun an understanding of his own destiny. Rather, he tries to model himself on Doyunmyung, Hanyoo and Sodongpa, as can be seen in Hwadowonlyangkwigulaisa and Haimyongmun. It would be better to say that he tries to show his conflict between ideal and reality by describing an unhappy man who dies in obscurity in Donglimsungbu and Umchusajun. By giving a picture of his idea of 'unworldliness' he tries to overcome the discrepancies between the two to some extent in his Mongki, which might as well represent a kind of buffer zone between his ideal and his reality.

韓國産「모기」Anopheles屬의 生態學的 硏究

元炳徽,洪漢基,李海浜 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1967 農林科學 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The routine entomological investigations were carried out in the area of kaejeong myon, okku-Gum, cholla-pukdo province, 1964 and sinchang-myon, a san gun, chungchong namdo province, 1965. These investigations had been paid attention the better understanding of the behavior of anopheline mosquitos with regarding to the polulation density, resting habit, breeding habti. The results obtained are as follows: 1. During the investigation, three species of anopheline mosquitos were recorded, such as anopheles sinensis Wiedmann 1985, Anopheles sineroides Yamada 1925 and Anophles yatsushiroensis Miyazaki 1965. Anopheles yatsushiroensis Miyazaki 1951, so far only recorded in Japan, was the first reconded species in Korea in 1964; the locality where it was found is kaejong myon, okku gun, cholla pukdo province. 2. Anopheles mosquitos begin to appear from the middle of April and to disappear in October. The collected date of mosquictos by resting place collection in cow shed are three weeks earler than night cow biting collection. 3. Resting places of anopheline mosquitos are mainly in shed and outdoors which has high humidity and shadow. 4. The population density of Anopheles sinensis collected in cow shed and by cow biting appeared a peak in late of june and early of july, and secondary small peak in late of august and early september. 5. The biting activity at night from dusk to dawn, sharply decreasing just before dawn. The peak period has shown in different time in each months such as 21;00-22;00 hours in june, 23:00-24:00 in august, and 23:00-24:00 in september. 6. The minimum temperature for mosquito biting activity is 15°6 and the optimum is between 24-25℃ the activity decreased. 7. Anopheles sinensis appeared to be zoophilic in Sinchang area 30 times anthrophophilic than former area. 8. The light attraction of anopheles sinensis is 2.5 times higher. 9. The parous rate of Anopheles sinensis is significantly low in middle June and early August. 10. The parous rate of Anopheles sienesis caught by cow biting collection appeared higher after midnight (24:00-03: oohours) with no relation to the peak period of biting activity.

언어 연구의 회고와 전망

안병희,임홍빈,권재일 서울大學校 人文學硏究所 1997 人文論叢 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to establish right directions for future researches in Korean morphology End syntax, through a critical examination and appraised of past and current researches in these areas. Chapter 2 deals with Korean morphology while chapter 3 concentrated on problems in Korean syntax. The main points can be summed up as follows. (1) Researches on Korean morphology With regard to areas of investigation, it was pointed out that a balanced research of both morphology and syntax is necessary. The tendency for the research concentrated in one area to neglect the research of another area was pointed out. In particular, the predominance of syntactic research over morphological research needs to be remedied. Within morphology, the need for a balanced perspective also exists. Current research is concentrated on word-formation to the exclusion of detailed studies on inflection. The imbalance needs to be remedied as well. The following points were made with regard to research methodology in Korean morphological studies. First, it goes without saying the current research builds on and improves the results of past research. Therefore, just as it is important for current research to be creative and innovative, it needs to be founded solidly on past achievements. Secondly, modern linguistics is based on rationalism to the almost total exclusion of empiricism. However, the time has come for a research methodology that synthesizes these two trends. Detailed and logical descriptions of the linguistic phenomena of Korean based on careful empirical observations are called for. Thirdly, current research emphasizes the autonomy of sub-disciplines of linguistics, with the result that each sub-discipline has pursued research according to its own methods and philosophies. It is time for an Integrated approach to language to take the place of such fragmented methodology. Fourthly, the undue emphasis on synchronic studies must be altered. Proper attention needs to be paid to the diachronic aspects of language. (2) Researches on Korean syntax As is well known, it is not surprising that syntactic studies in Korea during last fifty years or so have followed the guidelines of structural and/or generative linguistics. Sometimes we have seen great achievements attaind by applying the related methodology to the raw materials in the language. However, it may well be pointed out that they have been misguided by some wrong assumptions about the real nature of language and the task of syntactic theory. Regretfully, the theory-oriented approaches to syntax often have shown the tendency to overlook the importance of the description of grammatical relations. Here we focused our attention on two insufficiencies which are explicitly or implicitly involved in syntactic theories and practices. One is related to the destruction of the lexical item which may well be called "Lexical Destruction," the other is related to the wrong categorization of syntactic constituents. One example of Lexical Destruction (=LD) is found in Chomsky (1994). In that work, English demonstrative pronoun this and that is decomposed into th- and -is or -at, which is nothing but a wild LD. This move has the purpose to satisfy the Kayne's (1993) hypothesis of Linear Correspondance Axion which relates linear ordering of syntactic constituents to ccommand configuration. However, this kind of destruction cannot be justified, simply because it is not the syntactic analysis. The generative semantic attempt to decompose a set of causative verbs into their semantic primitives would be a classical example of LD. LD could also be found in the attitude of treating causative or passive suffixes in Korean as an independent syntactic units. Presumably, LD might be seen to have the motive to handle the linguistic data as one pleases. It is clear that in the course of LD, the lexical items are apt to lose their inherent lexical properties and idiosyncrasies. In this connection, it is noted that in Korean syntax the lexical--formative ani- and -hata involved in the negative predicate anihata should not be treated separately, It is because that the -o ending which appears with the preceding verbal stem in the long form negative constructions in Korean can be explained to be needed by only the existence of the whole lexical item anihata. On the other hand, wrong categorizations of syntactic constituents are another source of deficiencies in current syntactic theories and in practical analyses. One example is the DP (=Determiner Phrase) category as is set up in Abney (1987) or Chomsky (1995), which replaces the old NP category. DP category cannot be borne out in the light of Case facts. Consider the case of possessive DP which receives nominative case from somewhere. Since the head of possessive DP has already genitive case, there can never be added another case to the existing genitive head. Number facts show similar difficulties. Case fact is more crucial than this. The category of "AGR(Agreement)" as is not rarely postulated in GB (or Principles and Parameters) approaches to Korean syntax is another example of wrong categorization. The honorific suffix -si- in 'Korean is claimed to fall under that category. However, the suffix -si- cannot be identified as the element to be used to honor the person(s) who appear(s) in the subject position. The function of the suffix -si- is roughly identificd as the element to be used to honor the major Experiencer. Another example of wrong categorization is the so-called "predicate clause" as is often set up in the Korean syntax, which indicates the construction "second subject plus predicate" in the so-called double subject constructions. Since the term "predicate" is familar to us, it is easy to believe that category real or at least not implausible. But there can never be such a category. The structure of "predicate clause" is nothing but a sentence sfructure, urongly adapted to clausal structure. Chomsky (1994) wants to remove syntactic categories and bar-levels from syntactic configuration. Although they might be of little use in generative syntax, it cannot be denied that they are indispensable tools to describe the syntactic relations with.

The Effect of Role Predictability and Word Predictability on Sentence Comprehension

( Hong Oak Yun ),( U Pyong Hong ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2014 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the degree of difficulty in the integration of a word into a sentence could be determined by not only how likely the word would be for a given context but also how likely the thematic role associated with the word would be to occur. For our aim, we used dative sentences in Korean in which three arguments (i.e., agent, recipient, and patient/theme) appeared prior to a sentence-final verb. We manipulated 1) the degree of role predictability corresponding to the third argument by scrambling the internal arguments that occurred after an agent and 2) the predictability of words corresponding to the third arguments that was either highly likelyor unlikely for a given context. A self-paced moving window reading with a secondary judgment task was conducted. A linear mixed-effect regression son the reading times of the words corresponding to the third arguments was run while controlling for the effects of lexical frequencies and lengths on the processing of target words. The results from the model revealed that the words were read faster when they were highly likely for given contexts than when they were unlikely, and importantly, that the words were read faster when the roles associated with the words were strongly expected than when they were weakly expected. Our results showed that both role predictability and word predictability had independent effects on the processing of a word in a sentence. We claim that a processing model should be loaded with at least two components that take into account role predictability as well as word predictability.

L2 습득에 대한 기능주의적 접근

홍우평 ( U Pyong Hong ),남윤주 ( Yun Ju Nam ) 한국독일언어문학회 2014 독일언어문학 Vol.0 No.63

Angesichts der dramatischen Zunahme der sudostasiatischen Umsiedler in Korea ist Koreanisch als Zweitsprache(L2) mittlerweile ein Thema von besonderer Bedeutung geworden. Diskussionen zu diesem Thema in der Koreanistik beschaftigen sich jedoch hauptsachlich mit Unterrichtsmethoden bzw. Unterrichtsmaterialien fur Koreanisch als L2; vernachlassigt ist dabei die Frage im Allgemeinen, wie der L2-Erwerb des Koreanischen an sich sprachwissenschaftlich naher zu charakterisieren ist. Somit gibt es zur Zeit noch keine theoretisch fundierte Grundlage der didaktischen sowie sprachpraktischen Unterstutzungen fur Umsiedler. Ein vielversprechender Ausweg bietet sich u. E. durch den funktionalisitschen Ansatz, der aufgrund der umfangreichen Spontansprachdaten eine detaillierte Analyse der Entwicklungen von L2 Kommunikationsstrategien erzielt. So hat z. B. das ESF-Projekt “Second Language Acquisition by Adult Immigrants” (Vgl. Perdue 1993a, b) bereits in den 80er Jahren demonstriert, dass der L2-Erwerb von erwachsenen Umsiedlern(in Europa) durch ein universales Entwicklungsprofil von Organisationsprinzipien der mitzuteilenden Information charakterisierbar ist. Der funktionalistische Ansatz sollte also auch bei Untersuchungen zum L2-Erwerb des Koreanischen ernsthaft in Betracht gezogen werden, insbesondere wenn die Entwicklung der Kommunikationsfahigkeiten von Umsiedlern erforscht wird.

Universale vs. sprachspezifische Strategien der Sprachverarbeitung -anhand von Verarbeitungspraferenzen bei der Anbindung von Relativsatzen

홍우평 ( U Pyong Hong ),남유선 ( Yu Sun Nam ),최명원 ( Myung Won Choi ) 한국독어독문학회 2003 獨逸文學 Vol.86 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 언어처리, 특히 언어이해의 과정에서 중요한 역할을 담당하는 인지전략으로 알려진 ‘최신효과’와 ‘술어근접성’의 설명력을 검증하는 데 필요한 새로운 증거를 얻는 데 있다. 최신효과에 의하면 복수의 선행어 후보가 있는 관계절 구문에서 관계절은 보다 ‘최신’의, 다시 말해 관계절에 보다 근거리에 있는 선행어에 부착되어야 한다. 이러한 주장의 근거는 영어 원어민이 다음과 같은 관계절 구문에서 관계절(who came from Germany)을 두 개의 선행어 후보 the daughter와 the heacher 중 자신에게 더 가까운 the teacher에 부착하는 성향을 보인다는 경험적 증거에 의해 마련되었다. Someone visited the daughter of the teacher who came from Germany. 그러나 독일어를 포함한 여러 언어의 유사한 관계절 구문에서는 관계절이 자신에게서 보다 먼 선행어에 부착된다는 사실이 밝혀짐으로써, 최신효과가 언어 보편적인 언어처리전략이 될 수 없음이 드러났고, 술어근접성 이론이 하나의 대안으로 등장했다. 술어근접성이란 언어처리과정에서 관계절이 보다 술어에 가까운 선행어에 부착되는 경향이 있음을 말하는 것으로, 독일어 원어민이 다음과 같은 독일어 관계절 구문에서 관계절(die auf dem Balkon war)을 복수의 선행어 후보 die Dienerin과 der Schauspielerin 중 술어에 보다 밀접한 핵어 die Dienerin에 부착시키는 성향이 있음을 설명할 수 있게 된다. Jemand ercshoB die Dienerin der Schauspielerin, die auf dem Balkon war. 본 논문에서는 이러한 논의를 배경으로 다음과 같은 한국어 관계절 구문을 한국어 원어민에게 제시하고 관계절(우리 동네에 사는)이 복수의 선행어 후보 김선생과 김선생의 처남 중 어디에 부착되는 것이 더 적절한 지를 판단하도록 하는 언어실험을 수행한 결과, 김선생의 처남이 관계절의 선행어로 더 선호됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 우리동네에 사는 김선생의 처남이 매우 똑똑하다. 이러한 증거는 기존의 연구에서 다루었던 언어와 달리 관계절이 소위 선행어에 앞서는 언어에서 얻어진 것이라는 점에서 술어근접성 이론의 타당성을 새로운 각도에서 뒷받침하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

제2언어로서의 독일어에 나타나는 변수고정 효과 : 공주어와 동사어미체계의 상관관계를 중심으로

홍우평 ( U Pyong Hong ),남유선 ( Yu Sun Nam ),최명원 ( Myung Won Choi ) 韓國獨語獨文學會 2002 獨逸文學 Vol.81 No.1

제2언어 통사정보처리의 자동화 수준 : 독일어 관계절 구문의 오프라인, 온라인 이해와 "서술/절차" 모델

홍우평 ( U Pyong Hong ),남유선 ( Yu Sun Nam ),최명원 ( Myung Won Choi ) 韓國獨語獨文學會 2007 獨逸文學 Vol.104 No.-

The Geographic Environment of Hwaam Cave Area

Hong, Chung-Ryol,Won, Pyong-Kwan The Speleological Society 1996 Journal of the speleological society of korea Vol.4 No.1

The geographic environment means the general state of the environment in the area. Especially, which means the generation cause, the development process of the cave, and the validity of cave development and conservation in the side of the place of the cave. This study put emphasis on lying in which place Hwaam cave in Tong-myon, Chong son-gun, Kangwondo is situated and having in which stand is in comparison with other districts, and how the geological structure which determine the cave forming cause is.(omitted)