Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches

Zhang, C. J.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, J. W.,Song, J. S.,Yook, M. J.,Nah, G.,Valverde, B. E.,Kim, D. S. Canadian Science Publishing 2015 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.95 No.6

<P> Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181-1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose-responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose-response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose-response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180-300 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 80-120 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350-500 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass and 650-1000 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose-response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays. </P>

Glycerol-fed microbial fuel cell with a co-culture of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Klebsiella pneumonae J2B

Kim, C.,Song, Y. E.,Lee, C. R.,Jeon, B. H.,Kim, J. R. SPRINGER 2016 Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology Vol.43 No.10

<P>Glycerol is an attractive feedstock for bioenergy and bioconversion processes but its use in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for electrical energy recovery has not been investigated extensively. This study compared the glycerol uptake and electricity generation of a co-culture of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Klebsiella pneumonia J2B in a MFC with that of a single species inoculated counterpart. Glycerol was metabolized successfully in the co-culture MFC (MFC-J&M) with simultaneous electricity production but it was not utilized in the MR-1 only MFC (MFC-M). A current density of 10 mA/m(2) was obtained while acidic byproducts (lactate and acetate) were consumed in the co-culture MFC, whereas they are accumulated in the J2B-only MFC (MFC-J). MR-1 was distributed mainly on the electrode in MFC-J&M, whereas most of the J2B was observed in the suspension in the MFC-J reactor, indicating that the co-culture of both strains provides an ecological driving force for glycerol utilization using the electrode as an electron acceptor. This suggests that a co-culture MFC can be applied to electrical energy recovery from glycerol, which was previously known as a refractory substrate in a bioelectrochemical system.</P>

Features and Properties of $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7-x}$ Films Grown on SrTi$O_3$ by High Frequency PLD

Shi, D.Q.,Ko, R.K.,Song, K.J.,Chung, J.K.,Choi, S.J.,Park, Y.M.,Shin, K.C.,Yoo, S.I.,Park, C. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2003 Progress in superconductivity Vol.5 No.1

YBCO films were deposited with various thicknesses from 100nm to 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ on single crystal $SrTiO_3$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effects of different deposition conditions, especially different deposition rates by means of changing the pulsed laser frequency up to 200Hz, on the J$_{c}$ value were studied. For YBCO film with the thickness of 200nm, the $J_{c}$ value of $2.1MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ has been achieved under the high deposition rate of 3.2nm/s (190nm/min). The $J_{c}$ can be maintained greater than $1M/\textrm{cm}^2$ with the thickness less than 1$\mu\textrm{m}$. The X-ray analysis was used to examine the texture, crystallization and surface quality. The SEM was employed to analyze the surface of YBCO, and it was shown the surface of YBCO film became rougher with increasing the thickness. There were many large singular outgrowths and networks of outgrowths on the surface of YBCO films which lowered the density of thick YBCO film. The outgrowth network was probably the a-axis YBCO corresponding to XRD $\theta$-2$\theta$scan and $\chi$-scan which were used to characterize a-axis orientation of YBCO film. The reason for J$_{c}$ declining with increasing the thickness was studied and discussed.sed.

전주 근교 농장의 자돈에서 면역형광항체법을 이용한 돼지콜레라 혈청 중화항체가 조사

허창열,김영진,노수일,김진구,송희종,김종면 全北大學校 附設 畜産開發硏究所 1991 畜産開發硏究報告 Vol.4 No.-

In order to evaluate the effect of vaccinantion for hog-cholera virus, sera were collected from each 20 piglet out of 26-32 days old before vaccination, and then from the 14th and 28th day post-vaccination(PV) with LOM live virus vaccine at the J and C swine ranches in the suburbs of Chonju. Monoclonal antibody(MAb) against ALD strain of hog cholera virus(HCV) and goal antimouse FITC-conjugates were employed in indirect immunofluorescence(IF) test for the titration of HCV and neuralization IF test for serum neutralization(SN)-Ab-titers against HCV. SN-Ab-titers(M±S.D.) were <2±0 in all piglets before vaccination at the both swine ranches. Whereas SN-Ab-titers of the J and C swine ranches were 111.2±115.08 and 144±121.7 at the 14th day PV and were 361.6±279.6 and 723.2±966.2 at the 28th day PV, respectively. Compared with Duncan's test, SN-Ab-titers were not significantl difference between the H and C swine ranches of the 14th day PV, but were significantly difference at the 28th day PV (P<0.0009). Therefore, SN-Ab-titers were significantly difference between the 14th and 28th day at the J or C ranches, respectively(P<0.0007, P<0.0114). Excepting SN-Ab-titer was1:16 in one piglet of the 14th day PV at the J swine ranch, defensible levels of SN-Ab-titers could be detected in all piglets PV of the both swine ranches. It is suggested that varied dffect of vaccination against HCV may be depended by feed and mangement, enviroment, sanitary conditions, breed and pedigree or vaccination program, etc.

확률신경회로망에 의한 냉연 강판 표면결함의 분류

김학준,이종학,송성진,최세호 韓國非破壞檢査學會 1997 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.17 No.3

최근 산업 발전에 따라 철강 제품의 수요 증가와 함께 품질의 고급화에 대한 요규도 점차 증가하고 있는데, 이러한 수요자의 요구에 부응하기 위해 철강업계는 냉연 강판 표면결함검출기(surface defect detector;SDD)를 도입 운용하고 있다. 그러나 현재 국내 철강 제조업체들이 보유하고 있는 상용 SDD는 결함의 검출에는 매우 효율적이지만 결함의 분류에는 아직 만족할만한 성능을 보여주지 못하고 있다. 그 이유는 SDD가 결함 분류를 위해 채택한 분류표분류기(classification table;CT)는 시험 표본의 모든 특징값들이 분류표의 범위 내에 있을 때만 결함의 분류를 정확히 수행하기 때문에 결함 분류 정확도가 낮을 뿐 아니라, 분류 법칙의 설정을 작업자의 수작업에 의존하고 있어 현장 적용을 더욱 어렵게 하고 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 본 연구에서 학습 표본으로부터 확률밀도함수를 추정하고 여기에서 분류 법칙을 자동적으로 결정하는 방법을 제시하였고, 강화분류표분류기(enhanced classification table;ECT)와 확률신경회로망분류기(probabilistic neural network;PNN)를 새롭게 제안하여 이들 분류기를 실제적인 문제에 적용하였다. 그 결과 ECT와 PNN 모두 결함 분류 성능을 획기적으로 높일 수 있는 좋은 방법이며, 특히 PNN은 아주 구별하기 어려운 결함도 구별해내는 능력이 있을 뿐 아니라, 병렬 처리 능력을 가지고 있기 때문에 다량의 데이터를 실시간으로 처리해애 하는 경우에 적용할 수 있는 매우 효율적인 분류기임을 확인하였다. Automatic on-line surface inspection systems have been applied for monitoring a quality of steel strip surfaces. One of the important issues in this application is the performance of on-line defect classifiers. Rule-based classification table methods which are conventionally used for this purpose have been suffered from their low performances. In this work, probabilistic neural networks and the enhanced classification tables which are newly proposed here are applied as alternative on-line classifiers to identify types of surface defects on cold rolled strips. Probabilistic neural networks have shown very excellent performance for classification of surface defects.

Vertex Epidural Hematomas: Considerations in the MRI 1 ra

Song, J.-H Korean Academy of Medical Science 1996 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.11 No.3

플렌드된 Poly(styrene-co-sodium methacylate) 아이오노머와 순수한 아이오노머의 동력학적 성질 비교

송주명,박재진,김명균 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2005 生産技術硏究 Vol.27 No.spec

The dynamic mechanical properties of poly(styrene-sodium methacrylate) (SMANa) ionomer containing 7.3 ㏖% of ions were compared with those of SMANa ionomer mixtures containing the same amount of ions. It was found that the ionic moduli of the pure ionomer and ionomer mixtures were very similar to each other. This indicates that the mixing process does not change the degree of clustering. However, the slope of ionic plateau became steeper as the difference in the ion contents of two ionomers in an ionomer mixture increased, suggesting that the inhomogeneity of the matrix and cluster phases increased. It was also observed that the difference between the matrix and cluster Tgs increased with increasing divergence of the ion contents of two ionomers in an ionomer mixture. In addition, it was found that when the difference of the two ion contents became ca. 6 ㏖%, the ionomer mixture started to show a trace of a phase-separation. At ca. 9 ㏖%, the ionomer mixture exhibited a third loss tangent peak, Possibly due to the presence of well phase-separated matrix regions. The SAXS study showed that, even though the three-dimensional arrangement of multiplets in an ionomer matrix was not changed upon the mixing of two ionomers, the inhomogeneity of phases increased.

Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration Using Mixed Human Chondrocytes and Transforming Growth Factor-β₁- Producing Chondrocytes

Song, Sun U.,Cha, Young-Deog,Han, Jeoung-Uk,Oh, In-Suk,Choi, Kyoung Baek,Yi, Youngsuk,Hyun, Jong-Pil,Lee, Hyeon-Youl,Chi, Guang Fan,Lim, Chae-Lyul,Ganjei, J. Kelly,Noh, Moon-Jong,Kim, Seong-Jin,Lee, D Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2005 Tissue engineering Vol.11 No.9-10

<P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cartilage regeneration when using a mixture of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-producing human chondrocytes (hChon-TGF-beta1) and primary human chondrocytes (hChon) ('mixed cells'), compared with either hChon-TGF-beta1 or hChon cells alone. Specifically, mixed cells or hChon cells were first injected intradermally into the backs of immune-deficient nude mice to test the feasibility of cartilage formation in vivo. Both the mixed cells and the hChon-TGF-beta1 cells alone induced cartilage formation in nude mice, whereas hChon cells alone did not. To further test the efficacy of the cells in generating cartilage, an artificially induced partial thickness defect of the femoral condyle of a rabbit knee joint was loaded with hChon-TGF-beta1 cells with or without mixing additional untransduced hChon cells, and hyaline cartilage regeneration was observed at 4 or 6 weeks. The efficiency of complete filling of the defect and the quality of tissue generated after implanting were evaluated on the basis of a histological grading system modified from O'Driscoll et al. (J. Bone Joint Surg. 70A, 595, 1988). Significantly, mixed cells (14.2 +/- 0.9) produced significantly better results than hChon-TGF-beta1 (9.0 +/- 1.7) or hChon (8.0 +/- 1.8) cells alone. Histological and immunohistochemical staining of the newly repaired tissues produced after treatment with either mixed cells or hChon-TGF-beta1 cells alone showed hyaline cartilage- like characteristics. These results suggest that the implantation of mixed cells may be a clinically efficient method of regenerating hyaline articular cartilage.</P>

서로 다른 이온기를 도입한 폴리(에틸 아크릴레이트) 아이오노머 블렌드의 동적·기계적 성질

송주명,박재진,김명균 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2005 生産技術硏究 Vol.27 No.spec

The miscibility in homoblends of ehtyl acrylate ionomers containing acrylate and itaconate ionic groups was studied dynamic mechanically. It was found that the ionomer blends containing 6 ㏖% of ionic repeat unit showed two cluster Tgs, except for the samples having a very small amount of one component. This implies that these ionomers are more or less immiscible. When the ion content of the acrylate ionomer increased to ca. 12㏖%, however, the cluster Tg of the itaconate ionomer dropped with increasing the amount of acrylate ionomer. It was also found that some of the ionomer blends showed only on cluster Tg. Thus, it was suggested that at high ion contents the chances fot the ionic groups to form ionoic aggregates increase, which, in turn, improved miscibility of the ionomer blends.

Opto-electrical and density functional theory analysis of poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione) and photovoltaic behaviors of bulk heterojunction structure

Song, K.W.,Choi, M.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Moon, D.K. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2014 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.20 No.1

To increase open-circuit voltage (V<SUB>oc</SUB>), we introduced thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) moieties which has unsubstituted and substituted thiophene spacers. Poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-TPD) derivatives, namely PCDTTPD and PCDHTTPD, were copolymerized with 2,7-carbazole through Suzuki coupling reaction. An increase in the molecular weight and a decrease in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level are confirmed. Steric hindrance caused by rotational dynamics was measured by density functional theory calculation. When the resulting polymers, PCDHTTPD, were used to fabricate a bulk heterojunction device with PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM, V<SUB>oc</SUB> increased to 0.84V, whereas the short-circuit current density (J<SUB>sc</SUB>) decreased to 0.93mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> because of poor charge dissociation.