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      • Effect of selenium content of CuInSe<sub>x</sub> alloy nanopowder precursors on recrystallization of printed CuInSe<sub>2</sub> absorber layers during selenization heat treatment

        E. Zaghi, Armin,Buffiè,re, Marie,Koo, Jaseok,Brammertz, Guy,Batuk, Maria,Verbist, Christophe,Hadermann, Joke,Kim, Woo Kyoung,Meuris, Marc,Poortmans, Jef,Vleugels, Jef Elsevier 2015 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.582 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polycrystalline CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> semiconductors are efficient light absorber materials for thin film solar cell technology, whereas printing is one of the promising low cost and non-vacuum approaches for the fabrication of thin film solar cells. The printed precursors are transformed into a dense polycrystalline CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> semiconductor film via thermal treatment in ambient selenium atmosphere (selenization). In this study, the effect of the selenium content in high purity mechanically synthesized CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> (x=2, 1.5, 1 or 0.5) alloy precursors on the recrystallization of the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> phase during the selenization process was investigated. The nanostructure and phase variation of CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> nanopowders were investigated by different characterization techniques. The recrystallization process of the 1–2μm thick CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> coatings into the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> phase during selenization in selenium vapor was investigated via in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. The CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> precursors with lower selenium content showed a more pronounced phase conversion into CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> compared to the higher selenium content CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> precursors. Moreover, the CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> (x=0.5 and 1) precursor resulted in a denser polycrystalline CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> semiconductor film with larger crystals. This could be attributed to a more intensive atomic interdiffusion within the CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> precursor system compared to a CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> phase precursor, and the formation of intermediate CuSe and CuSe<SUB>2</SUB> fluxing phases during selenization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> (x=2, 1.5, 1 or 0.5) alloy nanopowders were synthesized as CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> precursor. </LI> <LI> Nanostructures of CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> alloy nanopowders were investigated by HR-TEM. </LI> <LI> The CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> conversions into the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> were studied by in-situ HT-XRD selenization. </LI> <LI> The CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> precursor showed no significant grain growth during selenization. </LI> <LI> The CuInSe<SUB>0.5</SUB> precursor showed the most significant grain growth during selenization. </LI> </UL> </P>

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