Fabrication of a Nano-structured PbO2 Electrode by Using Printing Technology: Surface Characterization and Application

K. Kannan,GOVINDAN MUTHURAMAN,조규진,문일식 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.3

This investigation aimed to introduce printing technology for the first time to prepare a nanostrucuturedPbO2 electrode and its application to a cerium redox transfer process. The new methodof nano-size PbO2 preparation demonstrated that nano-PbO2 could be obtained in less time and atless cost at room temperature. The prepared nano-PbO2 screen printed on a Ti electrode by threedifferent compositions under similar conditions showed through surface and electrochemical analysesno adherence on Ti and no contact with other nano-PbO2 particles. Gravure printing of nano-PbO2on a PET (poly ethylene thin) film at high pressure was done with two different compositions forthe first time. The selective composition of 57.14 % nano-PbO2 powder with 4.28 % carbon blackand 38.58 % ECA (ethyl carbitol acetate) produced a film with a nanoporous structure with anelectron transfer ability. Finally, the optimized gravure-printed nano-PbO2 electrode was appliedto the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) by using cyclic voltammetry. The gravure-printed nano-PbO2should pave the way to promising applications in electrochemical and sensor fields.

Tribological properties of modified jojoba oil as probable base stoke of engine lubricant

K. Thirumalai Kannan,S. Rameshbabu 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.4

This paper investigates the tribological characteristics of modified jojoba oil (MJO) as a base stoke for SAE20W40 mineral oil (LO). In addition, a graphene nanoparticle was also added as an additive in MJO and studied for its performance. MJO was obtained from a two-stage transesterification process: acid esterification and base esterification. Six samples were formulated with the partial replacement of modified jojoba oil as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % by volume to the SAE20W40 mineral oil. Tribological tests were conducted on a four ball tribometer test rig under extreme pressure and anti-wear conditions with the formulated blends. Subsequently, 0.075 wt% of graphene nano additive was added in the above mentioned oil ratios and investigated once again in a four ball tester. Surface analysis was carried out, using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that the blend of 20 % jojoba oil exhibited a lower wear scar diameter than other blends at extreme load conditions. An addition of 0.075 wt% of graphene nano-additive to the formulated blends also enhanced its lubrication properties. The surface characteristic study revealed that the addition of nano additives witnessed lesser wear scars with 10 and 20 % of jojoba blends. Among the blends, 20 % of jojoba oil was considered as an acceptable blend to enhance the mineral properties in comparison with SAE20W40 mineral oil.

Controlled synthesis of highly spherical nano-PbO2 particles and their characterization

Kannan, K.,Muthuraman, G.,Moon, Il Shik Elsevier 2014 Materials letters Vol.123 No.-

This letter describes the chemical synthesis of highly mono-dispersed spherical nano-PbO2. In the first step, sodium borohydride in the presence of TritonX-100 was used to reduce Pb(NO3)(2) to highly spherical nano-Pb, and the second NaOCI was used to oxidize nano-Pb to nano-PbO2 (both reactions were performed at room temperature). TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS surface analyses showed that the prepared Pb and PbO2 particles were spherical, 95% were mono-dispersed and of the size of 30 nm. In addition, electrochemical active surface area studies confirmed the nano-particulate nature of the prepared PbO2 particles. The developed procedure is straightforward, rapid, performed at room temperature, and scalable to the industrial level. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Random Forest Model Based Pollution Severity Classification Scheme of High Voltage Transmission Line Insulators

K.Kannan,R.Shivakumar,S.Chandrasekar 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.4

Tower insulators in electric power transmission network play a crucial role in preserving the reliability of the system. Electrical utilities frequently face the problem of flashover of insulators due to pollution deposition on their surface. Several research works based on leakage current (LC) measurement has been already carried out in developing diagnostic techniques for these insulators. Since the LC signal is highly intermittent in nature, estimation of pollution severity based on LC signal measurement over a short period of time will not produce accurate results. Reports on the measurement and analysis of LC signals over a long period of time is scanty. This paper attempts to use Random Forest (RF) classifier, which produces accurate results on large data bases, to analyze the pollution severity of high voltage tower insulators. Leakage current characteristics over a long period of time were measured in the laboratory on porcelain insulator. Pollution experiments were conducted at 11 kV AC voltage. Time domain analysis and wavelet transform technique were used to extract both basic features and histogram features of the LC signal. RF model was trained and tested with a variety of LC signals measured over a lengthy period of time and it is noticed that the proposed RF model based pollution severity classifier is efficient and will be helpful to electrical utilities for real time implementation.

On the Performance of Image Quality Measures with Application to Multifocused Image Fusion

K. Kannan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.5

Due to limited depth of field of machine vision cameras, multifocused image fusion is finding importance to produce a single image called fused image from various images of the same scene being imaged. To have focused images of all the objects in the scene, the fused image is formed by combining important features of various images. This in turn increases the importance of ability to assess the quality of the fused image more accurately. To be accurate, a typical image quality measure should be independent of image content, robust to noise, monotonic with respect to image blur and calculated with minimal computation complexity. In this paper, the performance of nine image quality measures were assessed through various experiments by applying image blur, adding image noise, changing image contrast and image saturation level. Experiments were also conducted on six sets of images to find the best image quality measure for multifocused image fusion.

A Random Forest Model Based Pollution Severity Classification Scheme of High Voltage Transmission Line Insulators

Kannan, K.,Shivakumar, R.,Chandrasekar, S. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.4

Tower insulators in electric power transmission network play a crucial role in preserving the reliability of the system. Electrical utilities frequently face the problem of flashover of insulators due to pollution deposition on their surface. Several research works based on leakage current (LC) measurement has been already carried out in developing diagnostic techniques for these insulators. Since the LC signal is highly intermittent in nature, estimation of pollution severity based on LC signal measurement over a short period of time will not produce accurate results. Reports on the measurement and analysis of LC signals over a long period of time is scanty. This paper attempts to use Random Forest (RF) classifier, which produces accurate results on large data bases, to analyze the pollution severity of high voltage tower insulators. Leakage current characteristics over a long period of time were measured in the laboratory on porcelain insulator. Pollution experiments were conducted at 11 kV AC voltage. Time domain analysis and wavelet transform technique were used to extract both basic features and histogram features of the LC signal. RF model was trained and tested with a variety of LC signals measured over a lengthy period of time and it is noticed that the proposed RF model based pollution severity classifier is efficient and will be helpful to electrical utilities for real time implementation.

Cobalt substituted layered O3 and P2-type Na-Ti-Ni-Co-O anode materials for emerging sodium-ion batteries

K. Kannan,M. Kouthaman,P. Arjunan,R. Subadevi,M. Sivakumar 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.102 No.-

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a propitious candidate for large scale energy storage devicesdue to the copious of sodium resources in earth crust and low cost. In this work, layered Cobalt (Co) substitutedO3-type NaTi0.6Ni0.3Co0.1O2 (O3-NTNC) and P2-type Na0.5Ti0.6Ni0.3Co0.1O2 (P2-NTNC) anodematerials were prepared by solid-state reaction for SIBs. The prepared O3-NTNC and P2-NTNC can beassigned to rhombohedral and hexagonal structure with the space group of R-3m and P63/mmc respectively,using Rietveld refinement. O3-NTNC and P2-NTNC delivered the reversible capacity of 108 and96 mAh g 1 at 0.1C and revealed coulombic efficiency over 90% even after 50 cycles. In addition, partialCo-substitution enhanced the structural stability of the obtained materials during sodiation and desodiationprocess.

Application of Opposition-based Differential Evolution Algorithm to Generation Expansion Planning Problem

K. Karthikeyan,S. Kannan,S. Baskar,C. Thangaraj 대한전기학회 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.4

Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) is one of the most important decision-making activities in electric utilities. Least-cost GEP is to determine the minimum-cost capacity addition plan (i.e., the type and number of candidate plants) that meets forecasted demand within a pre specified reliability criterion over a planning horizon. In this paper, Differential Evolution (DE), and Oppositionbased Differential Evolution (ODE) algorithms have been applied to the GEP problem. The original GEP problem has been modified by incorporating Virtual Mapping Procedure (VMP). The GEP problem of a synthetic test systems for 6-year, 14-year and 24-year planning horizons having five types of candidate units have been considered. The results have been compared with Dynamic Programming (DP) method. The ODE performs well and converges faster than DE.

One-pot synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of Pd/MnOx/graphene nanocomposite for electrooxidation of ethylene glycol

Kannan, R.,Kim, A.R.,Nahm, K.S.,Yoo, D.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.35

In this study, low-loading palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were prepared on a graphene oxide-manganese oxide (GR/MO) support using a one-pot, eco-friendly ''green'' process. The GR/MO-Pd nanocomposite was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The elemental composition was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the electronic state of the materials was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The GR/MO-Pd nanocomposite exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards ethylene glycol oxidation in alkaline medium. The GR/MO-Pd electrode demonstrated a forward anodic peak current density of 3.8 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, which was higher than both MO-Pd and GR-Pd electrodes. This excellent catalytic activity, low onset potential, better intermediate tolerance and good long-term stability of the GR/MO-Pd electrode could be attributed to the uniform dispersion of Pd NPs over the GR/MO support. This work outlines a new method for simple, fast and eco-friendly fabrication of a catalyst with high electrochemical performance and potential in alcohol fuel cell applications.

Manganese-titanium-oxide-hydroxide-supported palladium nanostructures - A facile electrocatalysts for the methanol, ethylene glycol and xylitol electrooxidation

Kannan, R.,Kim, A.R.,Nahm, K.S.,Yoo, D.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.41 No.16

<P>The formation of organic poisoning intermediate species during fuel (alcohol) oxidation over a noble-metal catalyst electrode retards the electrooxidation reaction. To address this problem, we report the synthesis of a manganese-titanium-oxide-hydroxide-supported palladium nanocatalyst (Pd@MTOH), whereby a hydrothermal reaction is followed by an in situ reduction process. The physical characterizations confirm the formation of Pd NPs and a mixed-valance MTOH. The voltammetric-study results for the Pd@MTOH show a high level of electrochemical activity toward alcohol (methanol, ethylene glycol, and xylitol), and oxidation toward the Pd@MnOOH and Pd@C electrodes. At the Pd@MTOH electrode, the poisonous intermediate species that were formed during alcohol electrooxidation were successfully removed at a higher forward potential; the excellent catalytic activity, better intermediate tolerance, and sound long-term stability of the Pd@MTOH electrode can be credited to the uniform dispersion of the Pd NPs and the support (MTOH). This work outlines a facile method for the fabrication of a catalyst with a high electrochemical performance and great potential in alcohol fuel-cell applications. Copyright (C) 2016, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>