일반논문 : 이왕직아악부의 피리연주자에 관한 고찰

김현호 ( Hyunho Kim ) 온지학회 2015 溫知論叢 Vol.0 No.45

일제강점기 전통음악의 존폐위기에서 이왕직아악부에서 이루어진 교육과 연주활동은 장악원의 음악을 현재의 국립국악원까지 이어주는 중요한 역할을 하였음에 틀림없다. 각종 국가 의례와 행사, 방송활동, 아악생의 교육 및 이습회(肄習會)개최, 악기 정리 및 복원, 악서 편찬 등을 통해 일제강점기 동안 전승이 끊어질 수도 있었던 궁중음악의 전승에 큰 공헌을 했다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구는 이러한 점을 바탕으로 현재까지 연구되지 않았던 이왕직아악부를 피리연주자와 연주활동을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 피리연주자에 대해 살펴 본 결과 1기부터 6기까지 입학하여 졸업까지한 인원은 총 96명으로 전공은 가야금, 거문고, 피리, 대금, 비파, 해금, 생황 등 다양했다. 이 중 피리전공자는 총 25명으로 25%에 해당한다. 이 왕직아악부의 피리연주자는 1기 3명 2기·3기 4명, 4기 5명, 5기 4명, 6기 5명이었다. 피리전공자 비율은 1기 33%, 2기·3기 22%, 4기 28%, 5기 22%, 6기 20%로 전공악기 수와 아악수의 인원에 대비해보았을 때 높은 비율이다. 피리 전공은 좋은 성적으로 입학한 자에 한해서 전공할 수 있었다. 또1기 2기생의 경우 수석졸업이 피리전공이었으나, 3기 4기의 경우 꼭 수석은 아니었지만, 좋은 성적으로 상위권에 속해있었다. 이후 많은 연주자들이 매 기수마다 배출되어 활동을 펼쳤지만 6기의 경우 6.25등을 이유로 이강덕을 제외하고 흔적을 찾기가 어렵다. 이들이 활동한 공연은 이습회를 제외하고도 다양했다. 이 연구에서는 공연활동 중 두드러진 해외공연활동과 <조선아악> 음반발매만 한정하여 살펴보았다. 특히 1924년 교토공연은 이왕직아악부의 본래 목적과 다른 경향의 공연이었는데, 아악생들의 역할도 변화되었다. 파견된 인원은 총 12명으로 이왕직아악부의 아악사였던 김영재를 비롯하여 아악수 이봉기, 김영기, 김계선, 김수천, 박삼쇠, 고영재 7명이 악원으로 편성되고, 이병우·박노아·박성재·김선득·이병성 5명은 무원으로 편성되었다. 그런데 이 5명은 모두 피리전공자들이다. 다시 말해 피리연주자들이 무원으로 참여한 것인데 당시 나이가 16세에서 20세 사이로 무동(舞童)의 역할로 참여한 것으로 보인다. 이처럼 피리연주자들은 상황에 따라 다른 편성에 배치되기도 하였는데, 이는 피리에만 국한되지 않고 배울 수 있는 교육과정에 의한 것이라 할 수 있다. 또 다른 대표적인 활동으로는 <조선아악> 음반발매를 꼽을 수 있다. <조선아악>에는 제례악을 비롯하여 연민락, 보허자, 취타, 영산회상이 수록되어 있다. 이 음반은 1.2기생들로 구성되어 연주되어 있으며, 때에 따라 피리 연주자가 훈과 같은 다른 악기를 연주하기도 하였다. 이왕직아악부의 피리연주자들에 대한 연구는 아직 많이 미흡하여 추후 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 인물이나 연주활동 등을 통해 많은 정리가 필요할 것이라 사료된다. Faced with a fatal crisis of our traditional music being on the verge of complete demise during the Japanese occupation, Leewangjik-Aakbu made pivotal contributions to upholding and passing down our traditional formal court music, which otherwise might have died out under the Japanese colonial rule, to next generations through a variety of activities, including performance in state rituals and events, broadcasting activities, training pupils, internal music performance called ‘Iseuphwe’, sorting-out and restoration of musical instruments, and publication of musical books. Against this backdrop, this study has taken an in-depth look at piri players in Leewangjik-Aakbu and their activities, which have remained largely unexcavated. The study has found that a total of 96 players completed the formal curriculum from Class Year 1 through 6, 25 of whom were piri players, including three in Class Year 1, four in Class Year 2 and 3, five in Class Year 5 and another five in Class Year 6, respectively, accounting for 25% of all students. When it comes to the number and relative ratios of players in Leewangjik-Aakbu, piri players make up larger portions with 33% in Class Year 1, 22% in Class Year 2 and 3, 28% in Class Year 4, 22% in Class Year 5, and 20% in Class Year 6, respectively. Only those who were admitted with excellent grades were able to major in piri plaLeeng. It was the piri players in Class Year 1 and 2 that graduated summa cum laude from the traditional music school and the piri players in Class Year 3 and 4 also belonged to the top group as well although they did not graduate summa cum laude. These players engaged in a variety of performances in addition to Iseuphwe, most notably, overseas music tours and the release of their album called <Joseon Court Music>, which are the focus of this study. In particular, the Kyoto performance in 1924 that featured different colors and propensities from what were originally sought by Leewangjik-Aakbu and the court music players changed their roles in the performance. The delegation comprised of 12 players in total included seven musical players, including Yeong-jae Kim, the leading player, Bong-gi Lee, Yeong-gi Kim, Kye-seon Kim, Su-cheon Kim, Sam-swe Park, and Yeong-jae Goh and five dances, including Byeong-ho Lee, Noh-ah Park, Seong-jae Park, Seon-deuk Kim, and Byeong-seong Lee, all of whom were piri players. piri players served as dancers in the performance apparently in consideration of their relatively younger ages ranging from 16 to 20. As illustrated above, they were deployed in various positions depending on the circumstances, which is considered as the integral part of the curriculum instead of being restricted to plaLeeng the piri only. Another major activity they worked on was the release of the album called <Joseon Court Music> that contains a wide range of ritual music genres, including Yeonminrak, Boheoja, Chwita, and Yeongsanhwesang in addition to Jeryeak and yeonryeak. The players who made this album were comprise of the students in Class Year 1 and 2, and occasionally piri players played the other musical instruments such as Hun, a globular piri made of baked clay. A lot is yet to be done when it comes to researching the piri players in Leewangjik-Aakbu and follow-up studies on individual players and their activities are much desired.

Passivation properties of tunnel oxide layer in passivated contact silicon solar cells

Kim, Hyunho,Bae, Soohyun,Ji, Kwang-sun,Kim, Soo Min,Yang, Jee Woong,Lee, Chang Hyun,Lee, Kyung Dong,Kim, Seongtak,Kang, Yoonmook,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kim, Donghwan Elsevier 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.409 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Passivated contact in advanced high-efficiency silicon solar cells based on the full back surface field (BSF) is reported here in based on the application of a tunnel oxide layer that is less than 2nm thick. The open-circuit voltage (<I>V<SUB>oc</SUB> </I>) was significantly improved via interface passivation due to insertion of the tunnel oxide layer. During oxide layer growth, a transition region, such as a sub-oxide, was observed at a depth of about 0.75nm in the growth interface between the silicon oxide layer and silicon substrate. The properties of the less than 2nm thick tunnel oxide layer were primarily affected by the characteristics of the transition region. The passivation characteristics of tunnel oxide layer should depend on the physical properties of the oxide. The interface trap density D<SUB>it</SUB> is an important parameter in passivation and is influenced by the stoichiometry of the oxide which in turn strongly affected by the fabrication and the post annealing conditions. During heat treatment of a-Si:H thin films (for the purpose of crystallization to form doped layers), thin film blistering occurs due to hydrogen effusion on flat substrate surfaces. To minimize this behavior, we seek to control the surface morphology and annealing profile. Also, the passivation quality of passivataed contact structure declined for the sample annealed above 900°C. This decline was attributed not only to local disruption of the tunnel oxide layer, but also to phosphorus diffusion. The resistivity of the tunnel oxide layer declined precipitously for the sample annealed above 900°C. On the basis of these, implied V<SUB>oc</SUB> over 740mV was achieved in n-type Si wafer through the control of the oxide stoichiometry via optimizing the annealing conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The tunnel oxide passivated contact structure has attracted attention for achieving high efficiency solar cells. </LI> <LI> The passivation quality is associated with the stoichiometry and properties of tunnel oxide. </LI> <LI> Thin film blistering occurs due to hydrogen effusion on flat substrate surfaces in tunnel oxide passivated contact structure. </LI> <LI> To improve the passivation quality must be consider about the physical properties and thermal stability of tunnel oxide layer. </LI> </UL> </P>

Differences in the Tongue Features of Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients and Controls over a Normal Menstrual Cycle

Kim, Jihye,Lee, Haebeom,Kim, Hyunho,Kim, Jong Yeol,Kim, Keun Ho Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P> The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between tongue features and the existence of menstrual pain and to provide basic information regarding the changes in tongue features during a menstrual cycle.</P><P><B> Methods</B></P><P> This study was conducted at the Kyung Hee University Medical Center. Forty-eight eligible participants aged 20 to 29 years were enrolled and assigned to two groups according to their visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Group A included 24 females suffering from primary dysmenorrhea (PD) caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome with VAS ≥ 4. In contrast, Group B included 24 females with few premenstrual symptoms and VAS < 4. All participants completed four visits (menses-follicular-luteal-menses phases), and the tongue images were taken by using a computerized tongue image analysis system (CTIS).</P><P><B> Results</B></P><P> The results revealed that the tongue coating color value and the tongue coating thickness in the PD group during the menstrual phase were significantly lower than those of the control group (<I>P</I> = 0.031 and <I>P</I> = 0.029, resp.).</P><P><B> Conclusions</B></P><P> These results suggest that the tongue features obtained from the CTIS may serve as a supplementary means for the differentiation of syndromes and the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis in PD.</P><P><B> Trial Registration</B></P><P> This trial was registered with Clinical Research Information Service, registration number KCT0001604, registered on 27 August 2015.</P>

Development of Particle Flow-Based Inflatable Robot Body for Shape Rigidity Modulation

Hyunho Kim,Sangjoon Jonathan Kim,Junghoon Park,Handdeut Chang,Namkeun Kim,Yeongjin Kim 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.10

Disaster robots are needed to perform various tasks through narrow gaps between building debris to be used for rescue. A soft material-based disaster robot can have easy access to the rescue site through the narrow gaps. To ensure the robust control and better performance of the soft robot operation, a joint stiff ness modulation mechanism is required. In this paper, we have proposed a noble stiff ness modulation mechanism that includes shape change and self-assembly by using a particle flow-based inflatable robot body. We analyzed the particle filling completion time by injecting air and particles at a constant pressure into the soft chamber depending on several parameters (the size of the particle, the size of the reservoir, the volume ratio between the chamber volume and the total volume of the particle, and the injected air pressure). Of these, the most dominant factors influencing the completion time were particle size and pressure. It was observed that the smaller the size of the particle, the shorter time. The completion time tended to decrease as the air pressure increased.

환경미화원의 근골격계질환 예방에 관한 고찰

HyunHo Kim,Yonghwan Kim,KyungAh Cho,MinHwan Cho,JeungHo Kim,DukYoun Cho,ChanYoung Yoo,JungSun Park 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Objective: This study is aimed at analyzing the characteristics of Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) from various prospects based on the industrial accident statistics and field survey. The results can be used to develop more effective policies to prevent WMSDs. Method: (1) First of all, for the analysis of a wide view point concerning the characteristics of WMSDs according to industrial accidents statistics in 2008-2010 (i.e. age, gender, working duration, risk factor, etc.) (2) We conducted field survey concerning the musculoskeletal discomfort, understanding of WMSDs, musculoskeletal symptoms, etc. at 48 Enterprises, 196 waste collector workers in Daegu provinces. (3)Also, Working Condition Survey in 2010 conducted comparing with the results, 175 cases. Results: The majority of patients were between 40 and 50 years old(73.9%), male(85.8%), companies with less than 50 workers(38.4%), more than 10 year of working duration(49.0%), and forceful exertions(73.4%). According to Musculoskeletal Burdened Work which was notified by the Minister of Employment and Labor in 2011, high risk task was shown in Task2, Task4, Task7, Task8, and Task9 The musculoskeletal discomfort in accordance with Borg's CR10 scales of main tasks consisted of 7.75 Recycle/Large waste collectors, 7.54 Living waste collectors, 6.33 Food/Drink waste collectors, 5.58 Street Cleaners. Conclusion: These results showed that there were significant characteristics of WMSDs of Waste Collector that could be used as basic data for the WMSDs prevention policy.

Ag Contact Properties According to the Front Grid Width and Firing Temperature for Silicon Solar Cells

Kim, Seongtak,Park, Sungeun,Kim, Young Do,Bae, Soohyun,Boo, Hyunpil,Kim, Hyunho,Lee, Kyung Dong,Tark, Sung Ju,Kim, Donghwan American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.10

<P> The effect of peak firing temperature and grid width on the contact properties between Ag metal and silicon (n<SUP>+</SUP> emitter) was investigated for screen-printed silicon solar cells. We confirmed the factors that control the specific contact resistance as follows: (1) the Ag coverage fraction on the silicon surface, d(2) the thickness of the glass layer and (3) the etching depth on the n<SUP>+</SUP> emitter region. The lowest specific contact resistance (8.27 mΩ·cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was obtained at the optimum firing temperature (720 °C). We also found that the grid width affected the contact quality of Ag paste because the contact width related to the absorbed heat of samples in RTP system. For this reason, when the grid width was further reduced, meaning more heat absorption, more Ag crystallites grew and the glass layer thickened. Light I?V results of a 6-inch silicon solar cell with minimum busbar width were similar to the PC1D simulation results. The efficiency was improved by 0.2% with the reduction of the busbar width. </P>

교량 가동받침의 마찰 이동거리에 대한 현장 주행실험

김영진(Kim Youngjin),김현호(Kim Hyunho),김병석(Kim Byungsuk),김홍기(Kim Hong-Ki) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

An Investigation on Gridline Edges in Screen-Printed Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Seongtak Kim,Sungeun Park,Young Do Kim,Hyunho Kim,Soohyun Bae,Hyomin Park,Hae-Seok Lee,Donghwan Kim 한국진공학회 2014 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2014 No.2

결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 전면전극 접촉 특성 연구

김성탁(Kim, Seongtak),박성은(Park, Sungeun),김영도(Kim, Young Do),송주용(Song, Jooyong),박효민(Park, Hyo Min),김현호(Kim, Hyunho),탁성주(Tark, Sung Ju),김동환(Kim, Donghwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 전면 전극은 전극 면적으로 인한 손실(shading loss)를 줄이고 단락전류밀도(Jsc)를 높이기 위해 전극 너비를 줄이는 노력을 하고 있다. 하지만 전극 소성(firing) 시 전면 전극의 핑거(finger)와 버스바(busbar)의 너비 차이로 인해 전극 침투(fire-through) 정도가 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전극 소성 공정 시 전면 전극의 너비에 따른 전극 침투 정도를 조사하기 위해 접촉 저항(specific contact resistance)과 재결정화(Ag recrystallite) 된 전면전극의 분포에 대해 비교하였다. 접촉 저항을 측정하기 위하여 transfer length method(TLM)를 이용하였다. 또한 전면 전극층을 제거한 후 실리콘 기판의 재결정 분포를 주사전자현미경(Scanning electron microscope : SEM)을 이용하여 관찰하였다.

부산시 환경기초시설 내 태양에너지(태양광/태양열) 이용 시설 설치 타당성 확인

김지원(Kim, Jiwon),최현호(Choi, Hyunho),김삼열(Kim Samuel),박재홍(Park Jeahong),김동현(Kim, Donghyun),이대선(Lee, Daeseon),박상태(Park, Sangtae),김규식(Kim, Gyusik),유재철(Yu, Jaecheul) 한국기후변화학회 2015 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.6 No.2