Analyzing the Impacts of Urban Policy on Urbanization in Bangladesh

( Hasan Md Golam Mehedi ) 한국행정학회 2013 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

Over the last few decades, urban areas in Bangladesh have had dramatic growth as a result of rapid population expansion and technological and political changes. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh has experienced a higher rate of urban growth in recent decades and it has transformed into a megacity. This creates many challenges, especially about how to feed, shelter and generate employment in a sustainable way. As such, the city is characterized by a high level of poverty and social vulnerability, poor infrastructure and social services, poor quality of the physical and social environment, and inefficient urban management. This paper provides a general understanding of urban policy and urbanization in Bangladesh and tries to embrace the related issues and challenges hindering national urban policy in Bangladesh. There are many priority matters requiring attention like the formulation of national urban policy, promoting good governance, enacting appropriate legislation for land-use control, related human resource and sustainable development in Bangladesh. Poverty reduction is one of the most significant parts of urban policy for viable urbanization in this developing country. Bangladesh should formulate a corresponding focus in its national urban policy. Donors should provide the necessary financial backing for such a sustainable and equitable urban policy for Bangladesh.

Urban Development Strategy in Bangladesh

Hasan Md Golam Mehedi 서울행정학회 2013 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Urban development and economic growth go hand in hand. Productivity, and job creation in most developing countries is moving from rural areas to urban areas. In some sense urban areas are the real engines of economic growth. Looking at Bangladesh and can see that economic activity is densely packed in Dhaka city. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh has experienced a higher rate of urban growth in recent decades and it has transformed into a megacity. People move to Dhaka in search of economic opportunity. This is because Dhaka alone already home to 15 million receives over four hundred thousand migrants each year. The role of rapid urbanization contributes towards steering economic growth in Dhaka city. Furthermore, the urban development knowledge platform connects and convinces national policy makers, cities, researchers, private sectors, and civil society. This paper provides an overview of urban development, and its strategy in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Moreover, this study tries to establish a link between urban development and growth, causes and impacts of ongoing urban development in Dhaka city.

Urban Development and Urban Policy in Bangladesh

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi,Lee, Jong Youl 서울행정학회 2015 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.2

This paper provides a general understanding of urban development and urban policy using the different variables to discuss the reality of urbanization over the last couple of decades in Bangladesh. Also this study tries to describe the answer in the contemporary Bangladeshi context, to the question of which factors drive urban development and what is the urban policy in the major cities of Bangladesh. In particular, it presents whether economic factors are more associated with urban development in Bangladesh. This study uses data from 64 Bangladeshi cities covering the year of 1991, 2001, and 2011to look at the factors that drive urban development in Bangladesh. To evaluate the weight of concentration about economic factors this study uses GLS regression as a research. It also reflects a comprehensive look at understanding some core factors in details of urban development in Bangladesh. However, the study finds that most of the Bangladeshi cities are transforming in the industrial period and the transportation and communication, public employee and textile industry is main sources in the city’s economy. Moreover, agriculture industry is also moving force to drive urban development in Bangladesh.

Impact of Urbanization on Urban Industry in Bangladesh

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi 서울행정학회 2013 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.5

Urbanization and economic growth go hand in hand. Cities are also an engine of growth. Productivity, growth, job creation in most developing countries is moving from rural areas to urban areas. In some sense urban areas are the real engines of economic growth. Looking at Bangladesh and can see that economic activity is densely packed in Dhaka city. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh has experienced a higher rate of urban growth in recent decades and it has transformed into a megacity. Moreover, Dhaka alone already home to 15 million receives over four hundred thousand migrants each year, People move to Dhaka in search of economic opportunity. Farmers and people from rural areas come to the cities for live, eat, work and economic prosperity. This people are pushed up the land. They are also pulled in to the cities which are seen as a destination of economic opportunity. Through this process, urbanization propels the entire economy towards more industrial growth. The role of rapid urbanization also contributes towards steering industrial growth in Dhaka city. In addition, urbanization drives the development of industrial growth and the migration of people. So, the process of urbanization should be linked to raising the standards of industrial growth in Bangladesh. This paper provides a general understanding of urbanization and its impact on urban industry in Bangladesh. It`s also tries to embrace the causes and consequences of ongoing urbanization and industrial growth in Bangladesh.

URBANIZATION & INDUSTRIALIZATION : A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi,Lee, Jong Youl(이종열) 한국지방정부학회 2014 지방정부연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 1991년부터 2011년까지 약 20년 기간의 방글라데시 도시화와 산업화의 과정을 분석하였다. 분석의 대상은 방글라데시를 대표하는 6개 주요 지역을 포함하였다. 특히 이 분석과정에서 방글라데시 주요 지역의 도시발전에서 산업적 요인들이 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 중점적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 요인들의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 본 연구는 6개 주요 지역의 64개 구역을 분석의 단위로 삼아 입지상(LQ) 방법을 사용하여 영향요인을 분석하였다. 방글라데시 도시화는 지역에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있는데 Dhaka시의 경우 93%의 도시화를 보이고 있는 반면 다른 일부 도시들은 18%정도의 낮은 도시화를 보이는 도시들도 있다. LQ 방법을 통하여 특정 지역에서의 산업의 상대적 중요도를 알아보려고 하였는데, 분석의 결과 흥미로운 점은 수도인 Dhaka시와 두번째 큰 도시인 Chittagong시에서는 섬유산업, 서비스산업, 노점상이 가장 중요한 영향요인으로 나타났다. 한편 다른 도시들에서는 도시화의 주요 요인으로서 농업, 건설업, 교통?통신업이 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 또한 제조업이 전 도시에 걸쳐 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. This study examines the process of urbanization and industrialization in Bangladesh between 1991 and 2011 in the six major regions which make up Bangladesh. In particular, we analyze whether industrial factors are more strongly associated with urban development in the main urban centers of Bangladesh. This study uses data from all 64 districts in Bangladesh to look at the factors that drive urbanization of the six major cities in Bangladesh. We examine the weight of industrial location in this study using the Location Quotient (LQ) as a measure. However, this study finds that the textile industry, service industry and small vendors contribute mostly to urbanization in the capital city Dhaka and the second largest city, Chittagong, while the agricultural sector, construction, transportation and communication are the main drivers of urbanization in the other main cities. Moreover, manufacturing industry is also a rising force driving urbanization in Bangladesh.

WHAT AFFECTS URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH?

Hasan Md Golam Mehedi,Jong Youl Lee 한국자치행정학회 2014 한국자치행정학보 Vol.28 No.2

방글라데시 도시화율은 개발국에 비해 아직도 낮은 약 30%를 보이고 있지만, 도시인구밀도 변화의 양상을 보면 전반적으로 급속한 성장을 보이고 있다. 하지만 도시화율은 도시 간에 큰 격차를 보이고 있으며 Dhaka 또는 Chittagong 같은 대도시의 도시인구밀도가 크게 증가하고 있다. 농업부문의 압출요인과 고용 및 소득과 같은 도시의 흡인 요인이 동시에 도시화에 기여하고 있다. 본 논문은 도시발전에 미치는 영향요인을 밝혀내기 위하여 방글라데시 도시를 사례로 통계분석을 시도하였다. 기존의 논의된 요인들 중 어떤 요인이 특히 방글라데시 상황에서 중요한가에 대한 해답을 주려고 하였다. 방글라데시 도시 내 64개 구역을 분석단위로 1991년과 2001년 두 기간의 각 영향 요인들에 대한 STATA 패널 통계분석을 시도하였다. 도시발전에 미치는 경제적, 사회적, 공공인프라적 요인들을 도시인구밀도를 중심으로 영향을 분석하였다. 도시발전 요인 중, 특히 노점상, 교통, 의류산업과 같은 요인이 인구밀도와 높은 상관관계를 보였으며 통계적으로도 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 농업적 요인은 인구밀도와 직접적 관계가 없게 나타났다. 상수도 및 공무원 수는 인구밀도와 약하지만 상관관계를 보였으며 통계적으로도 유의미하게 나타났다. 건설업은 인구밀도와 상관관계를 보이지 않으며 통계적으로도 우의미하지 않게 나타났다. 하지만 도로면적은 도시발전과 반비례관계를 보였으며 통계적으로도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 급속히 증가하는 도시인구에 비해 예산상 제약으로 인해 도로 인프라는 비례하여 증가하지 못하는 것으로 보인다.

Impact of culture on urbanization in Bangladesh

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi 한국문화정책학회 2013 한국문화정책학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

Culture might play a primitive component in the urban strategies in Bangladesh. This paper main purpose is how culture can impact on urbanization and the authority emphasis on culture-related policy that affects on urban development in Bangladesh. It also examines the arguments that have been advanced about the effectiveness of cultural as tools on urbanization. Urban culture can makes a diverse set of contexts, the positive and negative outcomes of culture, and identifies the practical approach, and opportunities for urbanization in Bangladesh. This paper provides an extensive initiation with the actions of urban cultural and development studies in Bangladesh. It also review the urban cultural in Bangladesh and how cultural sector acquaint of urban development.It presents a global set of cultural impact on urban development and influence urbanization. This paper provides a general understanding of urban culture on urbanization in Bangladesh and tries to embrace the related amenities of urban culture in Bangladesh.

Analyzing the Relationship between Urbanization and Industrialization in Bangladesh

Jong Youl Lee,Hasan Md Golam Mehedi 경인행정학회 2013 한국정책연구 Vol.13 No.4

This study asks an effort to use different measures to capture the reality of urbanization over the few decades of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. In particular, the study asks whether economic factors, associated with urban development in the capital cities of Bangladesh in the few decades. The study also attempts to provide an answer, in the contemporary Bangladeshi context, to the question of which factors are important to drive urbanization in Dhaka city. This study uses data from the whole 64 districts in Bangladesh and covering the decade from 1991 to 2001 to look at the factors that drive urbanization in Bangladesh. To analyze the weight of concentration of industry this study use LQ (Location Quotient) as a research. This study finds that industrialization contribute mostly to urbanization in Dhaka city while cultivation, agricultural labor, construction and hawking are decreasing. Meanwhile, Business and transportation are also moving force in driving urbanization.

"Full Paper - Public Policy, Administration and Governance, Leadership Urban Development and Urban Policy in Bangladesh"

( Jong Youl Lee ),( Md Golam Hasan Mehedi ) 한국행정학회 2014 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

This paper provides a general understanding of urban development and urban policy using the different variables to discuss the reality of urbanization over the last couple of decades in Bangladesh. Also this study tries to describe the answer in the contemporary Bangladeshi context, to the question of which factors drive urban development and what is the urban policy in the major cities of Bangladesh. In particular, it presents whether economic factors are more associated with urban development in Bangladesh. This study uses data from 64 Bangladeshi cities covering the year of 1991, 2001, and 2011to look at the factors that drive urban development in Bangladesh. To evaluate the weight of concentration about economic factors this study uses GLS regression as a research. It also reflects a comprehensive look at understanding some core factors in details of urban development in Bangladesh. However, the study finds that most of the Bangladeshi cities are transforming in the industrial period and the transportation and communication, public employee and textile industry is main sources in the city``s economy. Moreover, agriculture industry is also moving force to drive urban development in Bangladesh.

Comparision of Urban Development Model Between China and Bangladesh

( Wang Bo ),( Lee Jong Youl ),( Hasan Md Golam Mehedi ) 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2015 사회과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

Urbanization is typically seen to accompany and lead economic growth in the world. Like other developing countries, urbanization in China increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and the opening policy. On the other hand, an increasing share of population of migrates to urban centers in search for employment opportunities in Bangladesh. However, this paper seeks a general understanding of urban development using different variables to compare the urban development model between China and Bangladesh. This study tries to look for the development model that has shown the reality of urban development in these two countries. This study uses data from the years 1990-1991, 2000-2001, and 2010- 2011 to look at the urban development model between China and Bangladesh. This paper based on the dissertation of Wang Bo and the title is Three Faces of Urban Development in China: State, Market, and Reform. In addition, secondary data were collected from various government agencies and other reliable sources, including China Statistical Yearbook and the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). This paper concludes by providing some strategies that might be helpful to policy makers in formulating development policies for urban development.