Cationic derivatives of biocompatible hyaluronic acids for delivery of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides.

Han, Su-Eun,Kang, Hyungu,Shim, Ga Yong,Kim, Sun Jae,Choi, Han-Gon,Kim, Jiseok,Hahn, Sei Kwang,Oh, Yu-Kyoung Harwood Academic Publishers 2009 JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING Vol.17 No.2

<P>In this study, we tested the use of cationic polymer derivatives of biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA) as a delivery system of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides. HA was modified with cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). When compared with PEI alone, cationic PEI derivatives of HA (HA-PEI) provided increased cellular delivery of Small interfering RNA (siRNA) in B16F1, A549, HeLa, and Hep3B tumor cells. Indeed, more than 95% of the cells were positive for siRNA following its delivery with HA-PEI. A survivin-specific siRNA that was delivered using HA-PEI potently reduced the mRNA expression levels of the target gene in all of the cell lines. By contrast, survivin-specific siRNA delivered by PEI alone did not induce a significant reduction in mRNA levels. In green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing 293 T cells, a loss of GFP expression was evident in the cells that had been treated with GFP-specific siRNA and HA-PEI complex. The inhibition of target gene expression by antisense oligonucleotide G3139 was also enhanced after delivery with HA-PEI. Moreover, HA-PEI displayed lower cytotoxicity than PEI alone. These results suggest that HA-PEI could be further developed as biocompatible delivery systems of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides for enhanced cellular uptake and inhibition of target gene expression.</P>

Novel Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone Analogue Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through the Nrf2 Pathway

Han, Ga Eun,Kang, Hee-Taik,Chung, Sungkyun,Lim, Changjin,Linton, John A.,Lee, Jin-Hee,Kim, Wooki,Kim, Seok-Ho,Lee, Jong Hun MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.8

<P>Obesity, characterized by excess lipid accumulation, has emerged as a leading public health problem. Excessive, adipocyte-induced lipid accumulation raises the risk of metabolic disorders. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be obtained from abundant adipose tissue. High fat mass could be caused by an increase in the size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia) of adipocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Lowering the level of ROS is important to blocking or retarding the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mediates various antioxidant enzymes and regulates cellular ROS levels. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), widely used as artificial sweetener, has been shown to have significant free radical scavenging activity. In the present study, (<I>E</I>)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (CTP), a novel NHDC analogue, was synthesized and examined to determine whether it could inhibit adipogenic differentiation. The inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in hASCs was tested using NHDC and CTP. In the CTP group, reduced Oil Red O staining was observed compared with the differentiation group. CTP treatment also downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, adipogenic differentiation markers in hASCs, compared to the adipogenic differentiation group. The expression of FAS and SREBP-1 decreased in the CTP group, along with the fluorescent intensity (amount) of ROS. Expression of the Nrf2 protein was slightly decreased in the differentiation group. Meanwhile, in both the NHDC and CTP groups, Nrf2 expression was restored to the level of the control group. Moreover, the expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 increased significantly in the CTP group. Taken together, these results suggest that CTP treatment suppresses the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs by decreasing intracellular ROS, possibly through activation of the Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway. Thus, the use of bioactive substances such as CTP, which activates Nrf2 to reduce the cellular level of ROS and inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs, could be a new strategy for overcoming obesity.</P>

The First Record of Conilepia nigricosta (Leech) in Korea with Comparison of Morphologically Similar Species, Lithosia quadra (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Approaches

Ga-Eun Lee,Taeman Han,Haechul Park,In Gyun Park,Joon-Bum Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04

We report Conilepia nigricosta (Leech, 1988) in Korea for the first time. The female of C. nigricosta is nearly identical to the female of Lithosia quadra, and it has caused confusion in the generic classification. Therefore, we reexamined their morphology and also performed to analyze DNA barcode region compared with species of other related genera. As the results, the significant diagnoses between the two species were reconfirmed and provided in the adult appearances, wing venations, and genital structures in both sexes. The DNA barcoding results also showed a large genetic distance ranging from 6.21% to 7.16% between the two species. In phylogenetic relationship for these two species as well as 28 related species of Lithosiina, C. nigricosta was clustered as a sister to L. quadra and they formed a strong monophyletic group. It supports a possibility that these two genera may be a single genus, but more detailed molecular analysis using additional genetic markers and samples is needed to resolve reliable phylogenetic relationships between the taxa examined in this study.

Weight change and microvascular outcomes in patients with new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study

( Eun Sil Koh ),( Kyung Do Han ),( Mee Kyoung Kim ),( Eun Sook Kim ),( Min-kyung Lee ),( Ga Eun Nam ),( Hyuk-sang Kwon ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.4

Background/Aims: Because weight control is important in treatment of type 2 diabetes, it is essential to understand the associations between weight change and the risk of microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined whether weight changes early after new-onset diabetes have an impact on the clinical outcomes of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database, 181,872 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who were free of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) during 2007 to 2012 were followed to the end of 2016. Weight change was defined as the difference in body weight from the time of diabetes diagnosis to 2 years later. Results: We identified 180 cases of ESRD and 780 cases of PDR followed up for a median of 5.5 years from the index year at 2 years after diagnosis. Those with 5% to 10% weight gain showed a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for ESRD, compared with those with ≤ 5% weight change after adjusting for several confounding factors, including the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR, 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 2.70). Those with ≥ 10% weight loss showed the lowest HR for PDR (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.83), whereas those with ≥ 10% weight gain showed the highest HR for PDR (HR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.51 to 4.08). Conclusions: Weight gain after new-onset diabetes was associated with increased risk of ESRD and PDR whereas weight loss with decreased risk of PDR, but not ESRD.

레이저를 이용한 금 나노섬구조 신속 제조 기술과 센서 응용

한가은(Ga-Eun Han),Nguyen Hoang Minh,윤재성(Jae Sung Yoon),김관오(Kwanoh Kim),유영은(Yeong-Eun Yoo),강도현(Do-Hyun Kang) 한국생산제조학회 2023 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.12

주제 : 금융소비자 복지 ; 제주지역 대학생의 재무스트레스, 재무의사소통, 재무관리역량이 재무관리행동에 미치는 영향

한가은 ( Ga Eun Han ),김정숙 ( Jeong Sook Kim ) 한국금융소비자학회 2015 한국금융소비자학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 제주도내 대학생들을 대상으로 대학생의 재무관리역량과 재무관리행동에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 상대적 영향력과 인과적 관계를 분석하는데 있다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재무스트레스에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인은 전공계열, 부직업, 부교육수준, 아르바이트경험, 학자금대출경험, 월평균용돈, 용돈만족도 등이었으며, 재무의사소통에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 용돈관리능력, 용돈만족도, 재무스트레스 등이 있었다.둘째, 재무관리태도는 카드개수, 재무스트레스, 재무의사소통에 따라, 재무지식은 카드사용여부, 모직업, 재무의사소통에 따라, 재무관리기능은 재무교육경험, 카드개수, 용돈관리능력, 재무의사소통에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 재무의사소통은 재무관리태도 재무지식, 재무관리기능에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 셋째, 재무관리행동은 카드개수, 용돈관리능력, 재무스트레스, 재무의사소통, 재무관리기능에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 재무관리행동에 가장 큰 인과적 영향을 미치는 요인은 재무관리기능이었으며, 그 다음으로는 용돈만족도, 재무의사소통, 용돈관리능력, 재무스트레스 등의 순이었다. 간접적으로 재무관리 행동에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 용돈만족도이었으며, 그 다음으로는 재무의사소통, 재무스트레스, 용돈관리능력, 성별, 학자금대출경험, 아르바이트경험 등의 순으로 나타났다. This study seeks to analyze the effects of the general characteristics of college students on their financial stresses, financial communication, financial management abilities, and financial management behaviors, and analyze the relative leverage and the causal relationship of the factors that have influence on them. The summaries of the study are as follow. First, the financial stresses showed significant differences according to the lines of their majors series, their part time jobs, their parents`` education levels, their part time work experiences, their ``student loans`` experiences, their averaged monthly allowances, and the degrees of their satisfaction with their allowances. Second, the financial management attitudes showed significant differences according to the numbers of the cards, and their financial stresses, their financial communication; and the financial knowledge indicated significant difference depending on their card use status, their regular jobs, and their financial communication. In addition, the financial management functions showed significant differences according to their financial education experiences, the numbers of their cards, their allowances management abilities and their financial communication. The financial communication had singnicant influence on all of the following: their attitudes towards the financial management, their financial knowledge, and their financial management functions. Third, the financial management behaviors showed significant differences according to the numbers of their cards, their allowances management abilities, their financial stresses, their financial communication, and their financial management functions. The largest causal factors affecting their financial management behaviors were found to be the financial management functions followed by their financial communication, their allowances management skills, and their financial stresses. Indirect factors that had the greatest impact on their financial management behaviors turned out to be their financial communication, followed by their financial stresses, their allowances management skills, their genders, their``student loans``experiences, student loans, and their part-time job experiences.

Life Science : Cationic derivatives of biocompatible hyaluronic acids for delivery of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides

( Su Eun Han ),( Hyun Gu Kang ),( Ga Yong Shim ),( Sun Jae Kim ),( Han Gon Chor ),( Ji Seok Kim ),( Sei Kwang Hahn ),( Yu Kyoung Oh ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2009 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.19 No.-

심사논문 : 제주지역 대학생의 재무스트레스와 재무의사소통이 재무관리역량에 미치는 영향

한가은 ( Ga Eun Han ),김정숙 ( Jeong Sook Kim ) 한국금융소비자학회 2014 금융소비자연구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 제주도내 대학생들을 대상으로 대학생의 재무관리역량에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 상대적 영향력과 인과적 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 제주도내 대학생 514명을 대상으로 2014년 9월 15일 ∼ 9월 26일까지 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 분석방법으로는 t-test, 일원배치분산분석, Sheffe의 다중범위 검증, 다중회귀분석, 경로분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 회귀분석 결과, 재무스트레스는 전공계열, 부직업, 부교육수준, 아르바이트경험, 학자금대출경험, 월평균용돈, 용돈만족도에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 재무의사소통은 성별, 용돈관리능력, 용돈만족도, 재무스트레스에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 재무관리태도는 카드개수, 재무스트레스, 재무의사소통에서, 재무지식은 카드사용 여부, 모직업, 재무의사소통에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 그리고 재무관리기능은 재무교육경험, 카드개수, 용돈관리능력, 재무의사소통에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 재무의사소통은 재무관리태도, 재무지식, 재무관리기능에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 셋째, 재무스트레스는 재무의사소통을 통하여 재무관리태도, 재무지식, 재무관리기능에 간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있었을 뿐만 아니라, 재무관리태도에는 직접적으로 영향을 미치고 있었다. 넷째, 재무의사소통은 재무관리태도, 재무지식, 재무관리기능에 직접적으로 영향을 미치고 있었다. 다섯째, 재무관리역량에 가장 큰 인과적 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보면, 재무관리태도는 재무의사소통이었으며, 재무지식은 모직업, 재무관리기능은 용돈관리능력이었다. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relative leverage and the causal relationship of the factors that have influence on financial management capability of the college students with college students in Jeju-do. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 514 university students in Jeju Island from September 15 2014 through September 26 and frequency and percentage, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe`s multiple range test, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were conducted on the data. The main results are as follows. First, Based on Regression analysis, the financial stress showed significant differences according to their lines of majors, fathers` job and education levels, part-time job experiences, student loans experiences, average monthly allowances, and satisfaction with financial allowances. The financial communication showed significant differences according to their genders, allowances management capability, the levels of their satisfaction with their allowances, and financial stress. Second, The financial management attitude showed significant differences according to the numbers of the cards, financial stress, and financial communication; The financial knowledge indicated significant differences according to their card use status, mothers` job, and financial communication. In addition, the financial management functions showed significant differences according to their financial education experiences, the numbers of cards, allowances management capability, and financial communication. The financial communication had significant influence on all of the following: their attitude towards the financial management, financial knowledge, and financial management functions. Third, Financial stress not only indirectly affected financial management attitude, financial knowledge, and financial management functions through financial communication but also directly affected financial management attitude. Fourth, Financial communication gave direct influences on financial management attitude, financial knowledge, and financial management functions. Fifth, Factors to give largest influences in causal relationship on financial management capability were financial communication in financial management attitude; mothers` job in financial knowledge; allowances management capability in financial management functions.

Diarylheptanoids from the Seeds of Alpinia katsumadai as Heat Shock Factor 1 Inducers

Eun-Kyoung, Seo,Ga-Young, Kang,Ah-Reum, Han,Dongho, Lee,Yun-Sil, Lee 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2012 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.22

Seven new diarylheptanoids, (-)-(R)-4″-hydroxyyashabushiketol (1), (3S,5S)-alpinikatin (2), katsumain C (3), 7-epi-katsumain C (4), ent-alpinnanin B (5), ent-alpinnanin A (6), and ent-calyxin H (8), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai together with three known compounds, alpinnanin B (7), epicalyxin H (9), and calyxin H (10). Each isomer mixture of 3 and 4, 5-7, and 8-10 was separated successfully by preparative HPLC using a chiral column. The three isomer mixtures (3 and 4, 5-7, 8-10) at 1 μM increased expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) with fold increases of 1.438, 1.190, and 1.316, respectively, which was accompanied with increased expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 (1.403-, 1.250-, and 1.270-fold, respectively) and HSP70 (1.373-, 1.313-, and 1.229-fold, respectively) without cellular cytotoxicity, suggesting a possible application of these compounds as HSP inducers. Celastrol was used as a positive control of HSP induction, producing fold increases of 1.066 (HSF1), 1.216 (HSP27), and 1.371 (HSP70) at 1 μM. Compounds 1 and 2 did not affect the induction of HSF1 protein.

MEKs/ERKs-mediated FBXO1/E2Fs interaction interference modulates G1/S cell cycle transition and cancer cell proliferation

Ga-Eun Lee,Dohyun Jeung,Weidong Chen,Jiin Byun,Joo Young Lee,Han Chang Kang,Hye Suk Lee,Dae Joon Kim,Jin-Sung Choi,Cheol-Jung Lee,Hyun-Jung An,Yong-Yeon Cho 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.1

E2F 1, 2, and 3a, (refer to as E2Fs) are a subfamily of E2F transcription factor family that play essential roles in cell-cycle progression, DNA replication, DNA repair, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although the transcriptional regulation of E2Fs has focused on pocket protein retinoblastoma protein complex, recent studies indicate that post-translational modification and stability regulation of E2Fs play key roles in diverse cellular processes. In this study, we found that FBXO1, a component of S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1)-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) complex, is an E2Fs binding partner. Furthermore, FBXO1 to E2Fs binding induced K48 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of E2Fs. Binding domain analysis indicated that the Arg (R)/Ile (I) and R/Val (V) motifs, which are located in the dimerization domain of E2Fs, of E2F 1 and 3a and E2F2, respectively, acted as degron motifs (DMs) for FBXO1. Notably, RI/AA or RV/AA mutation in the DMs reduced FBXO1-mediated ubiquitination and prolonged the half-lives of E2Fs. Importantly, the stabilities of E2Fs were affected by phosphorylation of threonine residues located near RI and RV residues of DMs. Phosphorylation prediction database analysis and specific inhibitor analysis revealed that MEK/ERK signaling molecules play key roles in FBXO1/E2Fs’ interaction and modulate E2F protein turnover. Moreover, both elevated E2Fs protein levels by knockdown of FBXO1 and decreased E2Fs protein levels by sh-E2F3a delayed G1/S cell cycle transition, resulting in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. These results demonstrated that FBXO1-E2Fs axis-mediated precise E2Fs stability regulation plays a key role in cell proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition.