Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children

Quiroga Rocío,Nistal Esther,Estébanez Brisamar,Porras David,Juárez-Fernández María,Martínez-Flórez Susana,García-Mediavilla María Victoria,de Paz José A.,González-Gallego Javier,Sánchez-Campos Sonia,C 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels and is a serious health concern associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise is known to counteract obesity progression and modulate the gut microbiota composition. This study aims to determine the effect of a 12-week strength and endurance combined training program on gut microbiota and inflammation in obese pediatric patients. Thirty-nine obese children were assigned randomly to the control or training group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, muscular strength, and inflammatory signaling pathways in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Bacterial composition and functionality were determined by massive sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Exercise reduced plasma glucose levels and increased dynamic strength in the upper and lower extremities compared with the obese control group. Metagenomic analysis revealed a bacterial composition associated with obesity, showing changes at the phylum, class, and genus levels. Exercise counteracted this profile, significantly reducing the Proteobacteria phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class. Moreover, physical activity tended to increase some genera, such as Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia, leading to a microbiota profile similar to that of healthy children. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and several sugars in response to exercise, in correlation with a specific microbiota profile. Finally, the training protocol significantly inhibited the activation of the obesity-associated NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our data suggest the existence of an obesity-related deleterious microbiota profile that is positively modified by physical activity intervention. Exercise training could be considered an efficient nonpharmacological therapy, reducing inflammatory signaling pathways induced by obesity in children via microbiota modulation.

A Systematic Review of Data Exchange Formats in Advanced Interaction Environments

Celso A. S. Santos,Estêvão B. Saleme,Juliana C. S. de Andrade 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.5

The advent of advanced user interface devices has raised the interest of industry and academia in finding new modes of Human-Computer Interaction. Advanced interfaces employ gesture recognition, as well as motion and voice capturing to enable humans to interact naturally with interactive environments without utilizing any of the traditional devices like mice, joysticks or keyboards. Many approaches have been developed using a large variety of sensors to capture human interaction information and then provide further processing and recognition of the acquired information. However, the majority of these approaches usually focus on the actual implementation of the various stages that comprise an advanced interaction environment. Thus, the need for defining common data formats for improving integration and reutilization of these solutions are typically not addressed. On the other hand, this study aims at surveying existing research on integrating devices into interactive environments, at different interoperability levels and in data formats, identifying techniques and patterns of conveying information from the real world to the virtual world, in order to synthesize results, organize applicable documents by similarities and identify future research needs.

Antidiarrheal Activity of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Fruit

Tatiana M. Souza-Moreira,Luiz Estêvão Salvagnini,Emerson Santos,Viviana Y.A. Silva,Raquel R.D. Moreira,Hérida R.N. Salgado,Rosemeire C.L.R. Pietro 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.5

The growing list of drug-resistant microorganisms and the persistence of deaths due to diarrhea are compelling reasons to study plants in search of new therapeutic agents. The chemical constitution and popular use of the edible fruits of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg motivated this study to assess the antimicrobial and antidiarrheal properties of the fruits. An extract in 70% ethanol was prepared, and its antimicrobial activity was tested against several strains of bacteria by the agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Antidiarrheal activity was analyzed by testing intestinal motility in an animal model. Preliminary phytochemical study indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the hydroalcoholic extract. Antimicrobial activity was significant, but the minimum inhibitory concentration proved to be higher than the maximum extract concentration tested. The extract did not show significant activity for intestinal motility. Although this fruit extract did not show great results as an antimicrobial or antidiarrheal agent, the study contributes to the search for new plant agents and could be referred to as a research protocol by investigators in this area.

Using System Reliability to Evaluate and Maintain Structural Systems

Estes, Allen C.,Frangopol, Dan M. Computational Structural Engineering Institute of 2001 Computational structural engineering Vol.1 No.1

A reliability approach to evaluate structural performance has gained increased acceptability and usage over the past two decades. Most reliability analyses are based on the reliability of an individual component without examining the entire structural system. These analyses often result in either unnecessary repairs or unsafe structures. This study uses examples of series, parallel, and series-parallel models of structural systems to illustrate how the component reliabilities affect the reliability of the entire system. The component-system reliability interaction can be used to develop optimum lifetime inspection and repair strategies for structural systems. These examples demonstrate that such strategies must be based on the reliability of the entire structural system. They also demonstrate that the location of an individual component in the system has a profound effect on the acceptable reliability of that component. Furthermore, when a structure is deteriorating over time, the reliability importance of various components is a1so changing with time. For this reason, the most critical component in the early life of the structure may not tie the most critical later.

RELSYS: A computer program for structural system reliability

Estes, Allen C.,Frangopol, Dan M. Techno-Press 1998 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.6 No.8

Most reliability-based analyses focus on the reliability of the individual components of a structure. There are many advantages to examining the components in combination as an entire structural system. This paper illustrates an algorithm used in the computer program RELSYS (RELiability of SYStems) which computes the system reliability of any structure which can be modeled as a series-parallel combination of its components. A first-order method is used to initially compute the reliability of each individual component. The system reliability is computed by successively reducing the series and parallel systems until the system has been simplified to a single equivalent component. Equivalent alpha vectors are used to account for the correlation between failure modes during the system reduction process.

Disease Burden of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Mongolia: Potential Impact of Attaining World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 Goals

( O. Baatarkhuu ),( M. Batzaya ),( S. Brandon ),( C. Estes ),( B. Chiang ),( J. Amaarsanaa ),( H. Razavi ),( P. Nymadawa ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Mongolia has a large burden of viral hepatitis with the highest rates of liver cancer incidence and mortality In the world. An estimated 95% of liver cancer patients in Mongolia are infected with HCV and/or HBV. While HCV prevalence is likely declining, the burden of advanced liver disease will continue at a high level. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) achieve higher sustained viral response rate (SVR) than interferon-based treatment regimens. In 2015, over 10,000 patients were treated in Mongolia with DAA regimens, an important first step on the path toward HCV elimination. Implementation of new treatments requires epidemiological data and modeling to assess the potential impact of improved treatment strategies. Use a modeling approach to describe HCV-related disease progression at the national level in Mongolia through 2030. Consider the impact of two scenarios on disease burden: Base Scenario and WHO Targets 2030 Scenario. Methods: Disease progression used age-and gender-defined cohorts to track HCV incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Data for prevalence, incidence, diagnosis, liver transplants and mortality risk factors were derived from Mongolian data sources when available, and expert consensus. A starting prevalence of 200,000 chronic cases in 2013 was used and was consistent with adult prevalence estimates collected in prevalence surveys from 2005 and 2013, after adjustment for prevalence in younger age groups. Two scenarios were considered with one based on the status quo and another designed to achieve WHO 2030 goals. Base Scenario: Treat 10,300 =F2 patients in 2016, gradually declining to 1200 treated patients by 2030. Assume 3230 new infections and 1300 newly diagnosed annually. WHO Targets 2030 Scenario: Achieve 2030 WHO Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis including a diagnosis rate of 90%, 65% decrease in liver-related mortality and a 90% decrease in new infections by 2030. Achieved in Mongolia by increasing treatment to 10,000-15,000 =F0 cases annually, diagnosing up to 10,000 cases annually, and gradually reducing new infections to 300 annually by 2025 (90% reduction) (Figure 1). The incidence and prevalence of HCV-related morbidity and mortality through 2030 were projected. Results of the WHO Targets 2030 scenario were compared to the Base scenario. Results: Base Scenario Viremic infections decline to 141,000 in 2030 as compared to 188,000 in 2016 (25% decrease), largely due to mortality (Figure 2). By 2030 incident decompensated cirrhosis cases will decrease by 17% from 630 cases in 2016 to 520 cases in 2030. The number of incident HCC cases was projected at 650 in 2030, a decrease of 18% as compared to 2016 (800 cases). By 2030, annual HCV-related liver deaths will decrease by 28% as compared to 2016, from 1280 deaths to 920 deaths (Figure 2). There will be 13900 cumulative liver deaths during 2016-2030 (Figure 3). WHO Targets 2030 Scenario Chronic infections decline 87% during 2016-2030 from 188,000 cases to 24,100 cases. As compared to the Base Scenario, cases decline by 83% in 2030. Incident HCC cases in 2030 were estimated at 170 respectively (74% decrease from Base Scenario. Incident liver deaths in 2030 were estimated at 330 (64% decrease from Base Scenario). During 2016-2030, there are a cumulative total of over 2800 fewer HCV-related deaths as compared to the Base Scenario. Conclusions: HCV disease is a substantial health burden in Mongolia, especially HCC and related deaths. Even under the Base Scenario, total viremic prevalence will decline by 2030, due to fewer new infections and mortality among an aging population. Scenario results emphasize the importance of in-creasing awareness, diagnosis and treatment of HCV, along with preventing new infections. Mongolia achieves WHO tar-gets for HCV hepatitis elimination by 2030 under the WHO Tar-gets 2030 Scenario, when including disease reduction achieved prior to 2016. The projected impact of the scenarios will facili-tate disease forecasting, resource planning, and rational strate-gies for HCV management in Mongolia.