직물지에서의 모양의 이용과 디자인 이용관계의 성립 -대법원 2011.4.28.선고 2009후2968 권리범위확인(디) 판결

안원모 ( Won Mo Ahn ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2011 홍익법학 Vol.12 No.2

대상판결은 디자인 이용관계의 개념을 정리한 최초의 대법원 판결이라는 점에서 의미가 있다. 디자인에 대한 권리의식이 과거에 비하여 현저히 향상되고 있어 디자인 이용관계를 둘러 싼 대립이 급증할 것으로 예상되는 터에, 대상판결에서 이러한 디자인 이용관계를 둘러싼 명확한 판단기준을 제시하였다는 점에서 대상판결의 의미는 매우 큰 것으로 평가된다. 대상판결에서 문제가 되는 논점은 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있다. 하나는 직물지에서의 모양의 이용이 이용관계를 성립시키는지의 문제와 다른 하나는 선등록 디자인의 일부가 후디자인에서 감추어져 보이지 않는 경우에도 이용관계가 성립하는지 여부의 문제이다. 전자의 논점과 관련하여, 직물지 디자인에서 창작의 핵심과 수요증대의 주된 기능은 모양이 담당하고 있으므로 직물지에서의 모양의 이용에 대하여도 이용관계의 성립을 긍정하는 것이 타당하다. 후자의 논점과 관련하여서는 창작설, 경업설, 수요설에 기반을 둔 다양한 견해들이 존재하지만, 선등록 디자인의 본질적 특징 부분이 후 디자인에서 감추어져 있어 당해 부분이 후 디자인의 수요증대 기능에 역할을 하지 못하거나 그 기능이 상당한 정도로 약화된 경우에는 디자인 이용관계를 부정하는 것이 타당하다는 점에서 수요설의 입장이 긍정된다. 대상판결의 결론도 이러한 사고방식과 크게 다르지 않은 것이고, 이 점에서 대상판결의 결론은 타당하다고 판단된다. The sentence 2009Hu2968 judgment on April 28, 2011 by the Supreme Court is the first judgment of Supreme Court, which specifically clarified the definition of utilization of designs. At this point of time when the utilization of designs is estimated to likely grow rapidly, the above Supreme Court decision is expected to probably play a great role in solving a dispute of a relation to this utilization. In the above Supreme Court ruling, the utilization of designs is being premised to be possibly established even through the utilization of forms. Still, the utilization just of forms cannot establish the utilization of designs. However, the utilization of forms in fabric implies the utilization of shapes and forms. In the above Supreme Court judgment, what the utilization became a problem is what this utilization of shapes and forms became a problem. There are many cases that shapes and forms in design have creative value. If these shapes and forms are being utilized in other designs, the establishment of a relation to utilization is valid to be affirmed. In this sense, the proposition of the above decision is thought to be appropriate. Another issue in the above judgment is a problem about whether a relation to utilization is established even when some of shapes are hidden to be unseen. If the core part of shapes was concealed, the relation to utilization of designs needs to be denied. Also, even when characteristic peculiar to design resulted in disappearing, the relation to utilization of designs comes to be denied. The above decision is judging that some of shapes are hidden as for the issue, thus the characteristic peculiar to design resulted in disappearing. As a result, the relation to utilization of designs is being denied. When a part of attracting users` eyes disappeared in the post design, the relation to utilization of designs cannot be acknowledged. Thus, the conclusion of the above judgment is valid.

한-캐나다 FTA 수출활용률 연구

염경윤,박기백 한국관세학회 2020 관세학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study aims to seek policy implications through analysis of the export utilization rate of Korea-Canada FTA. For strict analysis of export utilization rate of FTA, this study uses the data of Canada government(Department of Finance, Canada) which was obtained through the FTA customs implementation meetings between Korea and Canada when the main author participated in this meeting as a representative of Korea. According to this data, the export utilization rate of Korea-Canada FTA is lower than the figures which were estimated by Korea Customs Service(KCS). The FTA export utilization rate of around 40% products was almost 0% according to this data. This means that there is a room to improve in terms of export utilization of Korea-Canada FTA by policy support. The empirical result of using export FTA utilization rate as an dependent variable shows that the export amount is mainly affecting FTA export utilization rate while the FTA preference margin and rules of origin restrictiveness index don’t affect FTA utilization rate. The empirical result of using log value of FTA export as an dependent variable is similar. These results imply that there exists fixed cost to utilize FTA like establishment of rules of origin management system and employment of personnel. These results also show the possibility that many firms actually don’t invest in this area even though this investment is a prerequisite for FTA utilization. In particular, small and medium size companies may hesitate to invest in this compared to big companies. In this regard, the policy support for small and medium size companies may be required to enhance overall FTA export utilization. However, further empirical researches on FTA utilization rate by firm size are required to confirm this policy implication because this study is not based on firm level data. 본 연구는 한-캐나다 FTA 수출활용률 분석을 통해 정책적 시사점을 모색하고자 한다. 더 정확한 FTA 수출활용률 분석을 위해 제1저자가 2019년 기획재정부 자유무역협정관세이행과장으로 근무시 캐나다 정부로부터 입수한 자료를 토대로 분석을 하였다. 캐나다 정부 자료에 의한 한국의 對캐나다 FTA 수출활용률은 관세청 발표치(추정에 의해 산출) 보다 낮았으며, 품목별로 40% 가량의 FTA 수출활용률이 0에 가까운모습을 나타내는 등 한-캐나다 FTA 수출활용률 제고를 위한 정책적 노력이 필요함을 보여 주었다. 한-캐나다 FTA 수출활용률을 종속변수로 하는 기본모형을 실증분석한 결과, FTA 특혜마진, 원산지기준 준수비용은 특별한 영향이 없지만, 품목별 캐나다의 對한국 수입액은 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한결론은 FTA 수입금액 로그값을 종속변수로 하는 변형모형의 경우에도 유사하게 나타났다. 아울러, 활용률(FTA 활용수입액)이 0보다 큰 자료만을 실증분석한 경우에도 마찬가지로 나타났다. 이는 원산지관리시스템 구축, 원산지관리 인력 채용 등 FTA 활용을 위한 고정비 투입이 FTA 활용률 결정의 중요한 요소임에도 불구하고, 실제로 고정비 투입을 하지 않는 경우가 많다는 가능성을 시사하는 것이다. 특히, 중소기업의 경우 FTA 활용을 위한 고정비 투입 부담으로 FTA 활용을 하지 않는 경우가 많을 수 있기 때문에 중소기업의 FTA 활용률 제고를 위한 고정비 투자에 대한 정책적 지원이 요구될 수 있다. 다만, 본 연구는 기업 단위 자료를 토대로 한 기업 규모별 분석은 아니어서 이러한 정책적 시사점을 확인하기 위해서는 기업 규모별 FTA 수출활용률에 대한 실증분석이 필요하다.

다문화가정의 한의의료이용에 미치는 요인 분석 연구

송민선,최찬헌,김동수 대한한의학회 2022 대한한의학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the Korean medical utilization and Korean medical expenses by characteristics of multicultural family members to investigate whether it affects Korean medical utilization. Methods: This study utilized The Korea Health Panel data in 2018, with 238 final participants. We performed a t-test and ANOVA on the difference between Korean medical utilization and Korean medical expenses according to Anderson’s Model of Health Service Utilization variables. Logistic regression analysis and generalized linear model analysis were conducted to analyze Korean medical utilization factors. Results: The Korean Medical utilization was 12.61% among the multicultural family members. As a result of regression analysis, the female had high Korean medical utilization(p=.008), and rural area residents had low utilization(p=.017). Korean medical expenses were high when they were female or married. Including the utilization of western medical services by outpatients, Korean medical expenses were high when they were female or outpatients who received western medical services. Conclusions: As a result of this study, the factors influencing Korean medical utilization were gender and residence area. There were differences in Korean medical expenses depending on western medical services use or gender. Therefore, it is necessary to use these factors to expand the Korean Medical utilization by multicultural family members, and research of the Korean medical utilization by disease is needed.

의료보호 정신분열병 환자의 의료이용 양상

서수경(Soo-Kyung Suh),신영전(Young-Jeon Shin),남정현(Jung-Hyun Nam),임민경(Min-Kyoung Lim) 대한사회정신의학회 2001 사회정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

연구목적: 1992년부터 1998년까지 7년간 우리나라 의료보호 정신분열병 환자수, 치료유병률 및 구성변화와 의료이용 양상의 변화를 파악함으로써, 정신질환과 관련한 의료보호 정책수립과 시행에 필요한 기초적인 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방 법: 1992년 1월 1일부터 1998년 12월 31일까지 의료보호관리공단의 의료보호 청구자료와 의료보호통계연감을 가지고 의료보호 청구명세서에서 주상병이 정신분열병인 의료보호 대상자를 대상으로 하여, 환자의 특성과 이용양상을 살펴보았다. 결 과: 1) 의료보호 대상자 중 정신분열병 환자수는 1992년 24,373명이었으나 1998년에는 32,285명이었다. 치료유병률도 1992년 대상자 100명당 1.12명에서 1998년에는 2.44명이었다. 치료유병률은 여성에 비해 남성이 높았다. 연령군별로는 모든 연도에 걸쳐 30-39세군의 치료유병률이 가장 높았다. 유형별 치료유병률은 시설수용자가 가장 높았다. 2) 의료보호 정신분열병 환자는 남성이 여성보다 높은 비율을 차지하였으며 연령별로는 입원, 외래모두에서 젊은 군의 비율이 증가하고 있었다. 유형별로는 입원군에서는 거택보호환자의 비율이, 외래군에서는 시설수용자군의 비율이 높았으나 점차 거택보호대상자군의 비율이 높아지고 있었다. 3) 의료보호 정신분열병 환자의 이용률, 1인당 내원일수, 진료일수 및 1인당 진료비는 입원서비스의 경우, 1996년과 1997년에 모두 급격히 증가하는 양상이었고, 외래서비스는 1995년부터 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 성별로는 입원서비스에서 여성이 차지하는 비율이 높았지만 외래서비스에서는 남녀간 차이가 분명하지 않았다. 연령별로는 입원서비스에서 50대군, 외래서비스에서는 3·40대군이 가장 높았다. 유형별로는 입원서비스에서 거택보호대상자, 외래서비스에서는 시설수용자가 차지하는 비율이 높았다. 결 론: 의료보호 대상자 군내에서 정신분열병 환자의 비율과 진료비가 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타나 의료보호 정책상의 정신분열병 환자에 대한 효과적인 관리의 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있다. 1995년부터의 입원서비스 이용의 급증과 외래서비스 이용의 감소가 관찰되었는데 이는 병상수의 증가, 의료보호 기간의 연장 등과 같은 정책요인이 작용하였을 것으로 추측된다. Objective:To understand the trend in the numbers of schizophrenic patients, treatment prevalence, composition and health care utilization of schizophrenic patients under the Medical Aid Program(Sch-MA) from 1992 to 1998, and to provide basic information necessary to establish and conduct the Medical Aid Program. Method:The analysis is based on claims data of the Medical Aid Program from 1992 to 1998. Results:1) The number of schizophrenic patients among of beneficiaries of the Medical Aid Program are 24,373 in 1992, and has gradually increased to 32,258 in 1998. The treatment prevalence is 1.12 per 100 persons in 1992, and has gradually increased to 2.44 per 100 persons. Sex and age differences are both present. Treatment of men through Sch- MA is more prevalent than that of women, and the prevalence of treatment of patients in the age bracket 30-39 is the highest. 2) Sch-MA is composed of more male than female patients, and this trend is more prominent in patients that used admission services. Among patients that used outpatient services, younger groups have increased in size gradually. Among patients that used admission services, patients in type-1 households form the largest group, and among the patients that used outpatient services, institutional residents form the largest group. However, the number of Sch-MA (type-1) patients has increased from year to year. 3) Service utilization rates, visit days per person, prescribing days per persons, and the medical costs per person in utilization of admission services have increased since 1995, and was highest in 1996 and 1997. In contrast, the utilization of outpatient services, service utilization rates, visit days per person, prescribing days per person, and medical costs per person have decreased since 1995. Utilization of admission services is highest among 50-59 years-olds, and utilization of outpatient services is highest among 30-39 years-olds, with 40-49 years-olds utilization being higher than that of 50-59 years-olds. Utilization of admission services is highest among those utilizing type-1 household, and utilization of outpatient services is highest among the institutional residents. Conclusion:The proportion of schizophrenic patients among the Medical aid clients and the cost of service utilization is increasing continually. Therefore the importance of effective policy and management for Sch-MA is also increasing. Especially, the rapid increase in the utilization of admission services and the rapid decrease in the utilization of outpatient services since 1995 which has been observed, may be due to policy factors such as the increase in the number of beds and the prolongation of the duration of service utilization.

가동률 수준은 경영자의 과잉생산 실제이익조정에 영향을 미치는가?

이은선 ( Eunsun Lee ),이지연 ( Jiyeon Lee ),최연식 ( Youn-sik Choi ) 한국회계학회 2021 회계저널 Vol.30 No.1

기업이 보유한 생산자원을 얼마나 적극적으로 활용하는지를 나타내는 지표인 가동률은 경영자의 전략이나 미래 경영성과에 대한 예측정보 등으로서 중요한 경제적 의미를 갖는다. 본 연구는 가동률과 과잉생산 실제이익조정 사이의 관계를 조사하였다. 2001년부터 2016년까지 상장기업을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 가동률이 낮은 기업들에서는 가동률과 과잉생산 실제이익조정 사이에 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 있었으나, 가동률이 높은 기업들에서는 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 나타났다. 또한, 가동률과 과잉생산 실제이익조정 사이에는 역U자 비선형관계가 발견되었다. 이러한 결과는 가동률과 과잉생산 실제이익조정 사이의 관계가 가동률 수준에 따라 차별적이라는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 가동률이 실제이익조정에 영향을 미치는 상황적 특성변수임을 확인함으로써 관련 연구를 확장하였다. 또한, 투자자, 외부감사인, 재무분석가, 규제기관 등 이해관계자가 기업의 실제이익조정 가능성을 사전에 평가하는데 가동률 정보를 활용할 수 있다는 실무적 시사점을 제공한다. The capacity utilization is an indicator of how actively a firm uses its production facilities, presenting managers’ view of current business condition as well as future performance. This study examines if the capacity utilization may affect real earnings management from a perspective of overproduction. Using firms listed on the KOSPI from 2001 to 2016, we find the positive relation between capacity utilization and real earnings management. As a result of analysis using nonlinear model, we find that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between capacity utilization and real earnings management. This means that as the level of capacity utilization increases up to a certain level, real earnings management using overproduction also increases, but when the capacity utilization exceeds a certain level, the extent of real earnings management by overproduction decreases. In addition, the positive linear relationships with real earnings management were found in the sub-sample of firms with low level of capacity utilization, whereas there is a negative linear relationship with real earnings management in the sub-sample of firms with high level of capacity utilization. This finding implies that there is an minimum level of capacity utilization in order for firms to make earnings management using overproduction. Furthermore, the finding represent that firms with a very high utilization rate is likely to have high level of sales and be able to consume inventories, and therefore, they are not willing to manage earnings with overproduction that negatively affect their performance in the long run. These results suggest that earnings management through over-production may be affected by the level of capacity utilization. This study contributes related literature by adding evidence that the capacity utilization is one of factors which affect the level and/or pattern of real earning management through overproduction. In addition, this study provides practical implication that stakeholders outside firms such as investors, analysts, auditors and regulators can benefit from utilizing the information of the capacity utilization in understanding and evaluating the possibility of real earning management through overproduction and the potential risk from it.

서울올림픽대회 기간중 스포츠의료 이용에 관한 분석

유승흠,손명세,이영두,박은철,김춘배,Yu, Seung-Hum,Sohn, Myong-Sei,Lee, Young-Doo,Park, Eun-Cheol,Kim, Chun-Bae 대한예방의학회 1989 예방의학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study made a descriptive analysis of the cumulative amount and rate of sports medical care utilization during the 24th Seoul Olympic Games by the participating athletes, officials, etc. The sports medical care utilization was a component of the total medical care use and was basically caused by the prevention and treatment of sports injuries. The analytic data were derived from the Olympic Health Management Information System(OHMIS) of the SLOOC and the Korea Athlete Trainer Association(KATA). These were analyzed according to the quantity of physician visits and the utilization rate, which was the amount of utilization divided by the total number of participating persons. The results were as follows: Firstly, the sports medical care utilization by the persons participating in the Seoul Olympics amounted to 17.9% of the total medical care utilization. The venue medical services utilization accounted for 54.7% of the total physician visits, which was larger than the village medical center's utilization. The number of physician visits per hundred persons during the 2 week period in the venue clinic was 3.03 and that of the village medical center was 2.51, therefore, the total was 5.54. Secondly, athletes accounted for 82.3% and officials 12.2% in the sports medical care utilization by participants. These results were because athletes, who were directly related to the games, called extremely often on the physicians. The utilization rate of sports medical care by athletes was 34.29. Thirdly, the sports medical demand according to type of therapy could be ranked from high to low in the following order: sports massage, thermal therapy, and electrical stimulation treatment, etc. The department of physical therapy in the village medical center was used a great deal. Fourthly, the trend of daily sports medical care utilization by the athletes showed a bell shape centering around the opening day of the Seoul Olympic Games. The utilization rate of athletes was 2.3; however, that of officials was 0.6. Lastly, the sports medical demand was calculated according to the continents, and Central America, Africa and Middle-East Asia proved to have a higher rate of sports medical care utilization than the more powerful and industrialized continent or regions.

코로나19가 중등교사의 ICT 활용 능력과 활용 정도에 미치는 영향

정재은,이수영,곽현석 한국교육정보미디어학회 2023 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.29 No.1

This study aimed to identify the causal effect of replacing face-to-face classroom classes with non-face-to-face remote classes in schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic on middle school and high school teachers' ICT utilization ability and degree of ICT utilization. To this end, teacher data from the Busan Education Longitudinal Study(BELS) were used. For the middle school teacher data, the data of the 1st grade panel in middle school and the 4th grade panel in elementary school were used. For the high school teacher data, the data of the 1st grade panel in high school and the 1st grade panel in middle school were used. The analysis was done as a Regression Discontinuity Design(RDD). The results of the study are as follows. First, among secondary school teachers, female teachers had a higher degree of ICT utilization than male teachers, and the longer the teaching experience of secondary teachers, the lower the average value of ICT utilization ability and degree of ICT utilization. Second, when examining the yearly trends of secondary teachers' ICT utilization ability and degree of ICT utilization, the average value of both middle school and high school teachers has increased significantly since 2020. Third, COVID-19 had a significant impact on middle school and high school teachers' ICT utilization ability and degree of ICT utilization. Finally, based on the main results of the study, policy suggestions that can enhance teachers' ICT utilization ability and degree of ICT utilization were discussed. 본 연구는 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 팬데믹으로 인하여 학교의 대면 교실수업이 비대면 원격수업으로 대체된 것이 중학교와 고등학교 교사의 ICT 활용 능력과 활용 정도에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 알아보기 위하여 회귀불연속설계(Regression Discontinuity Design; RDD)를 활용하여 인과관계를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 부산교육종단연구((Busan Education Longitudinal Study: BELS) 중1 패널의 제1차년도(중학교 1학년)부터 제3차년도(중학교 3학년)까지의 교사 자료와 초4 패널의 제4차년도(중학교 1학년)부터 제6차년도(중학교 3학년)까지의 교사 자료를 이용하였고, 고등학교 교사 자료를 위해 고1 패널의 제1차년도(고등학교 1학년)부터 제3차년도(고등학교 3학년)까지와 중1 패널의 제4차년도(고등학교 1학년)부터 제6차년도(고등학교 3학년)까지의 교사 자료를 이용하였다. 중학교 교사는 3,679명, 고등학교 교사는 3,248명을 대상으로 회귀불연속설계(RDD)로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등교사 중 여교사가 남교사보다 ICT 활용 정도가 높았으며, 교직경력이 길수록 ICT 활용 능력과 ICT 활용 정도 평균값이 낮아졌다. 둘째, 중등교사의 ICT 활용 능력과 활용 정도의 연도별 추이를 살펴보았을 때 중학교와 고등학교 교사 모두 2020년 이후 평균값이 크게 높아졌다. 셋째, 코로나19는 중학교와 고등학교 교사의 ICT 활용 능력과 활용 정도에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 마지막으로 연구의 주요 결과를 바탕으로 교사의 ICT 활용 능력과 활용 정도를 신장시킬 수 있는 정책적 제언을 논의하였다.

북한이탈주민의 모바일 역량과 활용에 관한 연구: 일상생활 만족도와 지능정보사회에 대한 기대에 미치는 영향을 중심으로

김영미(Kim, Youngmi) 한국정보사회학회 2020 정보사회와 미디어 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 정보소외계층으로 간주되는 북한이탈주민의 모바일 역량과 활용과 그 영향에 대해 실증적으로 분석함으로써 북한이탈주민의 모바일 격차를 해소하기 위한 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 분석을 위해 한국정보화진흥원의 ‘2019 디지털정보격차실태조사’ 중 북한이탈주민 조사 원(Raw) 자료를 활용하였으며 총 460명의 샘플을 사용하였다. 주요 변수간의 관계를 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 분석한 결과 ‘모바일 역량’과 ‘신기술에 대한 태도’는 ‘모바일 활용’에, ‘모바일 활용’은 ‘일상생활 만족도’와 ’지능정보사회에 대한 기대’에, ‘일상생활 만족도’는 미래 ‘지능정보사회에 대한 기대’에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 ‘사회적 자본’과 ‘모바일 활용’ 사이에서는 유의미한 관계를 찾을 수 없었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 질적인 차원에서 북한이탈주민의 정보격차를 없애려면 그들의 모바일 역량을 제고하고 활용을 높이기 위한 정부 및 NGO의 정보화교육이 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 평소에 북한이탈주민들이 새로운 디지털 기술에 노출되는 기회를 늘려야 하며, 스스로도 자기계발에 힘써야 한다. 셋째, 북한이탈주민들의 모바일 활용을 높이기 위해 이동통신사업자들도 사회적 가치 실현의 차원에서 적극 참여할 필요가 있다. This study investigates the mobile divide among the traditionally underprivileged North Korean refugees by examining their mobile utilization capacities. Understanding the degree of their mobile capacity and utilization is essential in bridging the emerging digital divide and establishing policies that can provide practical help and support. 460 samples of refugees were obtained from ‘The Report on the Digital Divide’ jointly published by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The correlation among variables including ‘mobile capacity’, ‘attitude towards new technology’, ‘social capital’, ‘mobile utilization’, ‘life satisfaction’, and ‘expectation towards intelligence information society’ were analyzed. Results indicated that ‘mobile capacity’ and ‘attitude towards new technology’ positively influenced ‘mobile utilization’, while ‘mobile utilization’ positively influenced ‘life satisfaction’ and ‘expectation towards intelligence information society.’ Furthermore, the current level of ‘life satisfaction’ was found to positively influence the future level of ‘expectation towards intelligence information society.’ Nonetheless, no statistically significant relationship was found between ‘social capital’ and ‘mobile utilization.’ The results suggest several meaningful implications. First, the impact of mobile capacity on mobile utilization signals to the existence of a qualitative mobile gap. Thus, government agencies and NGOs ought to provide extensive ICT related educational programs to North Korean refugees in order to enhance both mobile capacity and utilization among the population. The government should expand operation of the citizen mentoring program and carefully conduct one-to-one training to those who need ICT related education. Second, since attitude towards new technology positively influences mobile utilization, refugees should be offered with opportunities to encounter digital technologies in their everyday lives. It is advised to activate events in which refugees can experience digital possibilities and use local public libraries as digital hubs. Furthermore, the refugees themselves must strive to improve their understanding of these new technologies. Third, as mobile utilization positively impacts life satisfaction and expectation towards intelligent information society, mobile carriers ought to be actively involved in the process of re-educating refugees, especially in terms of corporate social responsibility. Providing education for online and offline users through mobile telecommunication agencies and websites or expanding opportunities to visit mobile communication technology exhibitions is also necessary. Finally, as mobile utilization is more urgently needed in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, proactive measures tailored to the untact era should be promptly taken for everyday lives as well as in the educational arena. This research has some limitations, namely that the statistical analysis neglects the qualitative aspects of mobile utilization among North Korean refugees. Future studies should aim to examine the side effects or adverse effects of mobile utilization including mobile addiction or excessive mobile dependency among refugees. A comparison study between the refugees who have experienced mobile utilization in North Korea and the ones who first encountered it after coming to South Korea can be conducted for future research.

의료이용심사에 대한 소고

신의철,Shin, Euichul 한국의료질향상학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Background : Utilization review has been adopted as a vehicle for cost and utilization control of health care services. Its role was further stressed and expanded through the establishment of Health Insurance Review Agency in 2001. This article is to introduce concept, activities, and effect of utilization review based on the experiences of U.S. and to suggest important characteristics for ideal utilization review activities at the national level in Korea. Method : Twenty-five articles related with utilization review were reviewed after being selected through web site search through Med Line and Richis. Result : Utilization review was introduced mainly for health care expenditure control either by insurer, provider or the third parties under the pressure of increasing health care cost. It's activities can be categorized to prospective, concurrent and retrospective review according to the time of service provision. Based on most of studies, utilization review has been effective in controling rising health care cost and utilization. However it's effectiveness assumes a reimbursement structure of managed care like capitation payment. More worse, it is still unknown it's effectiveness on quality of care. Conclusion : Utilization review should be employed to increase the cost effectiveness of medical care by optimizing quality and patient's outcomes while also attempting to reduce the use of resources. So, it should consider outcomes before expenditures, check for both under and over-use, and construct an structure in which consumption is reduced equitably. Aggressive adoption of utilization review in Korean health care setting with fee-for-service reimbursement structure might not be a cost-effective approach before adoption of prospective payment system such as D.R.G. and capitation.

기업 수출통계를 이용한 한국의 FTA 활용실태 분석

송경은 한국관세학회 2019 관세학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of FTAs in Korea in the 15th year of the FTA. For this purpose, the concept of FTA utilization rate was applied to analysis FTA export utilization of enterprise unit. In this study, I analyzed the FTA environment of Korea in terms of export scale, number of utilization agreements, and industry. The results of this study are as follows. I analyzed the correlation betIen the FTA preference export utilization rate and the number of unused firms, the characteristics with low FTA utilization, the export size of enterprises classified by main industry and the distribution of FTA preference export utilization rate. It is confirmed that FTA utilization of firms with large export size has an influence on FTA preference export utilization rate in Korea. In addition, I analyzed the number of FTAs that companies use, and 64.2% of the companies have identified that they are currently using only one agreement. And I have found that they are generally characterized by a small export scale of less than $ 100,000 per year. In conclusion, Korea has an average FTA preference utilization rate in export sector of 70%. But it is due to the characteristics of the Korean economy and trade structure, in which a major enterprises use a large number of FTAs based on large-scale exports. At the same time, this means that many SMEs that are engaged in small-scale exports still have low FTA utilization. Therefore, government support policies such as education and consulting for the companies that enter small or new FTA export markets need to be continued. 본 연구에서는 한국 기업의 FTA 활용현황 규명을 주제로 수출 규모, 활용 협정수, 산업별 등 다양한요소로 구분하여 발효 15년차 한국의 FTA 환경을 진단, 분석해 보고 주요 이슈별 시사점을 도출하였다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 관세청으로부터 제공받은 2017년 1개년 간 통계로서, FTA국으로 수출을 진행한 한국기업 전체 76,820개 기업의 통관 데이터 666,753건이다. 기업의 수출규모별 FTA 특혜수출활용률과 미활용기업수의 상관관계, 주력 산업별로 구분된 기업의 수출규모, FTA 특혜수출활용률의 분포 등의 분석을통해 한국에서 기업의 FTA 특혜수출활용률 산출에 수출규모가 큰 기업의 FTA 활용이 막대한 영향력을미치는 현상을 확인하였다. 아울러 기업의 활용 FTA 대상국 협정수 분석을 통해, 전체 FTA 대상품목 수출기업 중 64.2%가 아직까지는 1개 협정만을 활용하고 있으며, 이들은 대체로 소규모 수출을 영위하는 특징을 지닌 것을 파악하였다. 그리고 이들 가운데는 FTA를 미활용하는 기업이 63.7%로 상당수임을 확인하였다. 종합적으로 한국 기업의 FTA 활용현황은 대기업이 다수의 FTA를 활용하는 한국형 경제 및 무역구조의 특질에 기인하여 평균적으로 70%의 높은 활용률을 시현하고 있으나, 소규모 수출을 영위하는 중소기업은 여전히 FTA 활용에 있어 저조한 수준으로 파악되어, 소규모 또는 신규로 FTA 수출시장에 진입하는 기업에 대한 교육, 컨설팅 등 정부 지원정책은 지속될 필요가 있다고 판단된다.