청소년의 자아분화와 정신건강과의 관계 : 서울 지역 남ㆍ녀 고등학생을 중심으로

이혜숙 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1992 정신간호학회지 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to test Bowen's family theory. Adolescents are in a vulnerable stage of mental health and have many mental health problems and psychosis. In Bowen's theory differentiation of self is related to mental health suatus. So this study was designed to identify the relation between differentiation of self and mental health in adoleescents. Therefore the point of this study was to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the relationship between these two concepts and eventually to the enhancement of theoretically directed nursing care. The subjects for this study were 299 high school students attending a high school in Seoul : the number of first year, second year and third year students included was 101, 100 and 98 students respectively. The data were collected during the period form from March 31, 1992 to April 4, 1992. For measuring the differentiation of self as described by Bowen a questionnaire by Je (1989) was used. A simplified Mental Diagnostic Test adapted for Koreans from Derogatis, et al(1976) by Lee(1986) was used to measure the level of mental health. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Program using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Cofficients, ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The mean score for the differentiation of self scale was 101.88. 2. The mean score for the level of mental health was 99.06, which was higher than the results from other age-groups for which this tool has been used. 3. Hypothesis 1) "the higher the level of cognitive function vs emotional function, the higher the level of mental health" was supported(r=.53 p<.001). Hypothesis 2) "the higher the level of integration of self, the higher the level of mental health" was not supported (r=.08 P>.05). Hypothesis 3) "the lower the level of family projection process, the higher the level of mental health" was supported(r=-.30 p<.001). Hypothesis 4) "the lower the level of emotional cutoff, the higher the level of mental health" was supported(r=-.36 p<.001). Hypothesis 5) "the lower family regression, the higher the level of mental health" was supported(r=-.41 p<.001). 4. By using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis, the main influencing factors for the five different categories of differentiation of self were identified, as follows : 1) For the first subcale of differentiation of self the "Cognitive function vs Emotional function" ; three main variables : hostility, depression, and paranoid ideation explained 41.5%( p<.001) of the varance. 2) For the second subcale "Integration of self" ; two main variables; depression and hostility explained 9%(p<0.001) of the variance. 3) For the third subcale "Family projection process" ; three main variables hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychosis explained 15%(p p<.001) of the variance. 4) For the fourth subcale "Emotional cutoff"; four main variables hostility, depression, obscession, and paranoid ideation explained 21%( p<.001) of the variance. 5) For the fifth subcale "Family regression ; two main variables hostility and paranoid ideation explained 18%( p<.001) of the variance. 5. 1) The results from the test for the differentiation of self in the area of demographic variables showed that there were significant differences related to sex(F=6.88 p<.001), school year(F=6.08 p<.001). and educational level of parents(F=8.87, F=5.01 p<.001). 2) The results from the tests for the level of mental health in the area of demographic variables showed that there was significant difference related to school year(F=6.70 p<.001). 6. The relationship of differentiation of self to the nine different categories of mental health status were as follows : The higher the degree of differentiation of self was, the higher the results of the nine different categories of mental health status were (p<.001). 7. By using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis ; the main infuencing factors on mental health status were found to be congnitive function vs emotional function, family projection process and emotional cutoff. These factors accounted for 41%( p<.001) of the variance. In conclusion, this study revealed that differentiation of self is an important factor influencing mental health status. Further multidimensional study is needed to identify ways to improve the mental health of adolescents through the differentiation of self. Future research of these conceptual relationships is essential for the development of theoretical nursing that will give direction to the planning of scientifically sound nursing care. Key words : Adolescent, Differentiation of self, Mental health status.

모 자아분화가 자녀 자아분화와 모-자녀관계를 통해아동의 또래관계 질에 미치는 영향

양영화,정주리 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 2018 한국심리학회지 학교 Vol.15 No.3

이 연구는 Bowen(1978)의 가족체계 이론을 바탕으로 후기 아동들과 그 어머니를 대상으로 모 자아분화와 아동의 또래관계 질 간의 관계에서 자녀 자아분화, 모-자녀관계의 다중매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 5, 6학년 남녀학생 및 해당 어머니 490명(남학생 229명, 여학생 261명)을 대상으로 어머니는 모 자아분화 척도, 아동들은 자녀 자아분화, 모-자녀관계, 또래관계 질 척도에 응답하였으며, 자료분석을 위해 상관분석, 구조방정식모형을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 모 자아분화에서 아동의 또래관계 질에 이르는 경로에서 자녀 자아분화의 단독 매개효과, 자녀 자아분화와 모-자녀관계의 다중매개효과가 유의하였다. 그러나 예측과 다르게 모-자녀관계의 단독 매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 모의 자아분화는 자녀의 자아분화에 영향을 미치고, 자녀의 자아분화는 아동의 또래관계 질에 직접적으로 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 모-자녀관계를 통해서도 또래관계 질에 영향을 준다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 아동의 또래관계 질 증진을 위해서 아동의 자아분화 수준을 높이는 것과 함께 긍정적인 모-자녀관계를 형성, 유지할 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between mother’s self-differentiation and child’s friendship quality, mediated by child’s self-differentiation and mother-child relationships. Participants were recruited from 48 elementary schools in G city, and the fifth and sixth grade students and their mother were asked to participate in a survey. Students completed the questionnaires on child’s self-differentiation, mother-child relationships, and friendship quality. Mothers completed the questionnaire on mother’s self-differentiation. Data from 490 pairs were analyzed using correlation analyses and structural equation modeling. The results of the current study were as follows; First, the relation between mother’s self-differentiation and child’s friendship quality was mediated by child’s self-differentiation. In addition, the relation between mother’s self-differentiation and child’s friendship quality was serially mediated by child’s self-differentiation and mother-child relationships. Therefore, developing various programs to improve mother’s self-differentiation, child’s self-differentiation, and mother-child relationships may help students to build good relationships with their peers.

외상경험자의 성인애착과 외상 후 성장의 관계에서 자아분화의 매개효과

성순이,김해란 한국복지상담교육학회 2018 복지상담교육연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 외상 경험자를 대상으로 성인애착이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향과 자아분화의 매개효과를 확인하고자 성인애착 두 차원인 애착불안, 애착회피와 외상 후 성장과의 상관관계에서 자아분화가 매개하는 경로모형을 설정하고 검증하였다. 외상 경험을 보고한 전국에 거주하는 20세에서 55세까지의 성인남녀 500명을 대상으로 외상 경험질문지, 성인애착 척도, 외상 후 성장 척도, 자아분화 척도를 측정하였다. 최종적으로 402명의 자료를 바탕으로 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 20.0을 사용하였고 구조방정식모형 분석(SEM)을 실시했다. 연구 결과 첫째, 애착불안, 애착회피는 외상 후 성장과 애착불안, 애착회피가 자아분화와는 각각 부적상관이나 자아분화와 외상 후 성장은 정적상관으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 불안애착과 애착회피가 외상 후 성장과 자아분화에 직접적인 영향을 주었으며 직접 경로는 둘 다 부적이었다. 그러나 자아분화와 외상 후 성장의 직접 경로는 정적으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자아분화는 애착불안과 애착회피와 외상 후 성장의 관계에서 매개효과가 있음이 확인되었다. 성인애착이 자아분화를 거쳐 외상 후 성장에 간접 영향을 미쳤으며 자아분화는 외상 후 성장에 정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 본 연구의 의미는 외상 후 성장과 자아분화에 관한 선행 연구가 부족함에도 자아분화 변인이 성인애착과 외상 후 성장의 개인내적인 보호자원으로써 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혔다는 점에 있다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 자아분화를 활용한 상담 및 시사점을 알아보고 본 연구의 제한점을 제시하였다. This study examines the effect of adult attachment on post-traumatic growth among traumatized people and verifies the mediating role of self-differentiation. Thus, a research-based path model was developed to examine the mediating effect of self- differentiation in causal relationship between post-traumatic growth and adult attachment, including attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. 500 adults aged 20 to 55 living in Korea who have had traumatic experiences were measured with a self-administered questionnaire, traumatic experience schedule, adult attachment scale, post-traumatic growth scale, and self-differentiation scale. Of those, 402 respondents were analyzed with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 20.0 and conducted a structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis. Results indicated that first, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were negatively correlated with post-traumatic growth and differentiation of self, but differentiation of self and post-traumatic growth were positively correlated. Second, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance had a significantly negative effect on post-traumatic growth and differentiation of self, but differentiation of self had a significantly positive effect on post-traumatic growth. Third, the differentiation of self had a mediating effect on the associations among attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and post-traumatic growth. Adult attachment had an indirect effect on post-traumatic growth through differentiation of self and differentiation of self had a positive effect on post-traumatic growth. This study identifies that self-differentiation was significant in the process of adult attachment and post-traumatic growth of individuals while research regarding post-traumatic growth and self-differentiation were limited. With these results, the study provides information for counseling practices, its implications, and the limitations.

고등학생의 가족기능과 자기분화, 자존감의 관계에서 또래지지의 조절된 매개효과

최윤선,이규미 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 2020 한국심리학회지 학교 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-differentiation mediates the relationship between adolescents’ family functioning and self-esteem and to examine whether peer support and family conflicts had moderated mediating effects. For this purpose, 522 students from four high schools in Gyeonggi province were surveyed about their family functioning, self-differentiation, self-esteem, and peer support. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and PROCESS. The mediating, modulating, and moderated mediating effects were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. First, correlation analysis showed that family functioning, self-differentiation, self-esteem, and peer support were significantly positively correlated. Second, the moderated mediating effects of peer support were as follows. First, self-differentiation had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem such that family functioning and self-differentiation were positively correlated and self-differentiation and self-esteem were positively correlated. Second, peer support had a moderating effect in the relationship between family functioning and self-differentiation that promoted self-differentiation. Thus, peer support affected family functioning and self-differentiation. Third, verifying the moderated mediating model of peer support by combining the mediation model of self-differentiation and the moderation model of peer support identified above showed that self-differentiation mediated the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem. Thus, family support affected self-differentiation and self-differentiation affected self-esteem. The significance of this study was as follows. First, it showed that self-differentiation significantly mediated the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem, clarifying the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem. Second, it showed that peer support moderated the relationship between family functioning and self-differentiation, identifying a mechanism that promotes self-differentiation. Third, it showed the mediation of self-differentiation of the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem depended on peer support. 본 연구에서는 청소년의 가족기능과 자존감의 관계에서 자기분화가 매개역할을 하는지 살펴보고, 또래지지가 이러한 매개효과를 조절하는 조절된 매개효과를 갖는지 확인하기 위해 조절된 매개모형 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 내의 4개 고등학교에 재학 중인 학생 522명을 대상으로 가족기능, 자기분화, 자존감, 또래지지를 측정하였다. 측정한 결과는 SPSS 21.0과 PROCESS를 활용하여 분석하였고, 매개효과, 조절효과, 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상관분석의 결과, 가족기능, 자기분화, 자존감, 또래지지는 유의미한 수준의 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 또래지지의 조절된 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 가족기능과 자존감의 관계에서 자기분화는 부분매개효과가 나타났다. 구체적으로는 가족기능은 자기분화 수준을 높이고, 높아진 자기분화수준은 자존감을 향상시키는 데 기여한다. 다음으로, 가족기능과 자기분화의 관계에서 또래지지는 자기분화를 촉진하는 조절효과가 나타났다. 또래지지가 높을수록 가족기능이 높으면 자기분화가 더욱 증가하였다. 마지막으로, 자기분화의 매개모형과 또래지지의 조절모형을 결합한 또래지지의 조절된 매개모형을 검증한 결과, 가족기능과 자존감의 관계에서 자기분화의 매개효과를 또래지지가 조절하는 조절된 매개효과가 확인되었다. 또래지지가 높을수록 가족기능이 높으면 자기분화가 증가하였고, 높아진 자기분화가 자존감을 더욱 높였다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족기능과 자존감의 관계에서 자기분화의 매개역할이 확인됨으로써 가족기능과 자존감의 관계가 보다 명확해졌다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 둘째 가족기능과 자기분화의 관계에서 또래지지의 조절역할이 확인됨으로써 자기분화를 촉진할 수 있는 기제를 찾았다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 셋째, 가족기능과 자존감의 관계에서 나타난 자기분화의 매개효과가 또래지지의 수준에 따라 달라지는 조절된 매개효과가 확인됨으로써, 자존감을 촉진할 수 있는 기제와 그 경로를 발견했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

고등학생의 자아분화와 자기침묵이 성적 자기주장에 미치는 영향

박경화(Kyeong-Hwa Park),김형균(Hyung-Gyun Kim) 공주교육대학교 초등교육연구원 2022 敎育論叢 Vol.59 No.4

본 연구는 고등학생의 자아분화와 자기침묵이 성적 자기주장에 미치는 영향을 검증하여, 고등학생의 성적 자기주장 향상을 위한 개입과 발달단계에 맞는 성교육 프로그램 개발의 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 대전시, 세종시, 충남지역 소재 고등학교에 재학 중인 358명을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하였으며, 회수된 질문지 중에서 355부를 연구에 활용하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS 21.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 독립표본 t검정, 일원배치 분산분석, 상관관계분석, 단순회귀분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 고등학생의 자아분화 및 자기침묵, 성적 자기주장의 차이를 살펴보면, 남학생이 여학생보다 자아분화 수준이 높으며, 자기침묵 성향은 여학생이 남학생보다 높게 나타났으며, 성적 자기주장은 성별 차이가 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고등학생의 자아분화 수준과 자기침묵 수준에 따른 성적 자기주장의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 자아분화 수준이 높은 집단일수록 성적 자기주장의 수준도 높았다. 반면, 자기침묵 수준이 높은 집단이 성적 자기주장 수준은 낮았다. 셋째, 고등학생의 자아분화가 성적 자기주장에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 자아분화가 성적 자기주장에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미쳤으며, 이는 자아분화 수준이 높을수록 성적 자기주장 수준도 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 고등학생의 자기침묵이 성적 자기주장에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 자기침묵이 성적 자기주장에 유의한 부(-)적 영향을 미쳤으며, 이는 자기침묵 수준이 높을수록 성적 자기주장 수준이 낮아진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 다섯째, 고등학생의 자아분화와 자기침묵이 성적 자기주장에 미치는 상대적 영향을 살펴본 결과, 성적 자기주장에 미치는 자아분화의 영향력만 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 자아분화가 성적 자기주장에 매우 유의미한 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 청소년들의 건강한 성 의식과 올바른 가치관을 정립하기 위하여 성교육 프로그램을 구성할 때, 자아분화 수준을 높일 수 있는 프로그램을 병행하여 성적 자기주장 수준을 올릴 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 이상의 결론을 바탕으로 다음에 수행될 고등학생의 자아분화와 자기침묵, 성적 자기주장에 관한 후속 연구에서는 자아분화 척도의 하위요인인 자아통합의 신뢰도를 높이고, 연구대상의 일반적 특성을 좀 더 세분화하며, 자녀의 자아분화 수준을 높일 수 있는 부모교육의 연구와 청소년의 성적 자기주장 향상을 위한 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the development of sex education programs suitable for the intervention and development stage of high school students' sexual self-assertion by verifying the effect of self-differentiation and self-silence on sexual self-assertion. For this study, questionnaires were distributed to 358 first, second, and third graders enrolled in high schools in Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungnam, and 355 of the collected questionnaires were used for the study. The collected data were independent sample t-test, one-way batch variance analysis, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 21.0 statistical program. The summary of the results of this study were as follows. First, looking at the differences in self-differentiation, self-silence, and sexual self-assertion of high school students by gender, male students had higher levels of self-differentiation than female students, female students had higher self-silent tendencies than male students, and sexual self-assertion had no sexual self-assertion. Second, as a result of examining the difference in sexual self-assertion according to the level of self-differentiation and self-silence of high school students, the higher the level of sexual self-assertion. Third, as a result of examining the effect of self-differentiation in high school students on sexual self-assertion, it can be seen that self-differentiation had a significant positive (+) effect on sexual self-assertion, and the higher the level of self-differentiation, the higher the level of sexual self-assertion. Fourth, as a result of examining the effect of high school students' self-silence on sexual self-assertion, it can be seen that self-silence had a significant negative (-) effect on sexual self-assertion, which decreases the level of sexual self-assertion. Fifth, as a result of examining the relative effects of high school students' self-differentiation and self-silence on sexual self-assertion, only the influence of self-differentiation on sexual self-assertion was found to be significant. Through this study, it was found that self-differentiation had a very significant effect on sexual self-assertion. Therefore, when organizing sex education programs to establish healthy sexual consciousness and correct values of adolescents, it is necessary to raise the level of sexual self-assertion by combining programs that can increase the level of self-differentiation. Based on the above conclusions, it is necessary to increase the reliability of self-integration, which is a sub-factor of the self-differentiation scale, in subsequent studies on self-differentiation, self-silence, and sexual self-assertion of high school students. In addition, various parent education studies that can further subdivide the general characteristics of the study subjects and increase the level of self-differentiation of children and various studies to improve adolescents' sexual self-assertion are needed.

유아의 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 어머니의 자아분화, 양육스트레스 및 양육행동 간의 구조적 관계 분석

이나라,신나나 한국아동학회 2023 아동학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Objectives: This study investigated the influence of maternal self-differentiation on preschoolers’ selfesteem, with a focus on how mothers’ parenting stress and behaviors mediate this relationship. Methods: A sample of 319 mothers of four- and five-year-olds (49.5% boys) completed questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to determine whether parenting stress and behavior mediate the relationship between mothers’ self-differentiation and preschoolers’ self-esteem. Results: Results showed that a direct effect of mothers’ self-differentiation on preschoolers’ self-esteem was not significant. Among three indirect effects, parenting behavior was not mediating the relationship between maternal self-differentiation and preschoolers’ self-esteem. However, parenting stress mediated the relation between maternal differentiation of self and preschoolers’ self-esteem. Finally, a significant serial mediation effect was observed from maternal self-differentiation to preschoolers’ self-esteem through the pathways of parenting stress and behavior. Mothers whose self-differenation is high tend to experience less parenting stress, which leads to the display of more positive parenting behaviors. These positive parenting behaviors are positively related to a higher level of self-esteem in preschool-aged children. Conclusion: The results of current study provide valuable perspectives on the mechanisms involved in shaping preschoolers’ self-esteem and the influence of maternal attributes in this developmental aspect. By highlighting the importance of maternal self-differentiation and its potential impact on preschoolers’ selfesteem, this study emphasizes the value of interventions and programs that target this specific area to improve child and family well-being.

대학생의 자아분화, 자아존중감과 정신건강간의 관계

김상옥(Kim, Sang Ok),전영자(Jeon, Young Ja) 한국생활과학회 2013 한국생활과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine relationships among university students self-differentiation, self-esteem and mental health. The subjects were 400 students of four universities in Busan and Gyungnam area. A questionnaire survey was done. The results of this study are as follows : First, the levels of university students self-differentiation and self-esteem were high. Second, university students self-differentiation and self-esteem were correlated positively. Third, the levels of university students depression and anxiety were relatively low. It showed that the subjects mental health of this study were not bad. Fourth, depression had no significant difference by gender. However, female students had higher anxiety than male students had. Fifth, university students self-differentiation and self-esteem had negative correlation with depression and anxiety, and self-esteem played a role of mediating variable between self-differentiation and mental health. Sixth, family projection, family regression and self integration of self-differentiation had indirect influence upon the students mental health through self-esteem, while cognitive-emotional function had direct influence upon mental health and had indirect influence upon mental health through self-esteem as well. In this study, university students self-differentiation and self-esteem were found to be important variables having influence upon mental health, and self-differentiation had indirect influence upon mental health through self-esteem. Counselling intervention strategies should be established considering self-differentiation and self-esteem of the students who complained about their maladjusted emotion and human relation problems at schools. Also, programs enhancing self-differentiation and self-esteem of university students should be developed and the execution of these programs will be needed to help the university students who experienced mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and so on.

기혼남녀가 지각한 원가족 부모의 부부갈등과 결혼만족도의 관계에서 자기분화의 매개효과 검증

김경주 ( Kyung Ju Kim ),김영혜 ( Young Hye Kim ) 한국가족관계학회 2015 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: In this paper, it is investigated whether marital conflict in the family of origin as perceived by children influences marital satisfaction to those children later on. In this process, it is tested whether differentiation of self has a mediating effect. Method: For data collection, 419 married persons in 4 different cities in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea were polled for the following questions. First, does gender affect perceived marital conflict in family of origin, differentiation of self, and marital satisfaction? Second, are there any significant relations between marital conflict in family of origin, differentiation of self, and marital satisfaction? Third, does differentiation of self have mediating effects while perceived marital conflict in family of origin influences children’s satisfaction on their own marriage? The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, difference verification, correlation and regression analyses using with SPSS 18.0. Results: Our analysis of the data with regards to the three questions are as follows. First, perceived marital conflict in family of origin did not differ between genders; differentiation of self and its subfactors were more significant for women whereas marital satisfaction was greater for men. Second, perceived marital conflict in family of origin had an inverse relation with the children’s marital satisfaction as well as differentiation of self. However, differentiation of self and marital satisfaction were proportionally related for married children. Third, differentiation of self showed fully mediation effects while perceived marital conflict in the family of origin was influencing children’s marital satisfaction. Differentiation of self showed fully mediation effects for men while no significant relations were seen for women. Conclusions: We could verify in this study that parents’ marital conflict affects their children’s self-differentiation, the degree of which affects the character and interpersonal relationships so that the children’s own marriage is affected. While marital conflict of parents in the family of origin affects children’s own marital satisfaction, mediating effects of self-differentiation were significant only for men, which is probably due to characteristics of Korean culture. In other words, a married man is more affected by the relationship with his own family of origin than the relationship with his wife’s family of origin.

청소년의 부모 애착, 자아분화, 자아존중감이 우울에 미치는 영향

김갑숙,전영숙,이철우 한국가족치료학회 2009 가족과 가족치료 Vol.17 No.1

This study explored the effects of attachment to parents, differentiation of self, and self-esteem on adolescent depression. Four measurement devices were administered to the subjects, 275 senior high-school students in Daegu: The Attachment to Father and Mother Scale, the Self Differentiation Scale, a Self -Esteem Scale, and Beck's Depression Inventory. The researcher used t-tests, Pearson correlation, path analysis, and regression analysis to analyze the data. The study found, first, that female students had significantly less depression than male students and significantly higher attachment to their mothers. They did not differ significantly when it came to self esteem, self differentiation, and attachment to their fathers. Second, there was a significant positive correlation among the following variables: attachment to father and mother, self differentiation, and self-esteem. There was a significant negative correlation between depression and attachment to father and mother, self differentiation, and self-esteem. Third, for male students, self-esteem had a significant direct effect on depression, while attachment to father and mother and self differentiation had an indirect effect on depression. For female students, self-esteem and self differentiation had a significant direct effect on depression, while attachment to father and mother had an indirect effect on depression. The relative influence of self-esteem on the prediction of depression was the strongest among all the variables. 본 연구는 청소년들의 성별에 따른 부모애착, 자아분화, 자아존중감과 우울수준의 차이를 알아보고, 부모애착, 자아분화, 자아존중감이 우울에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 인과효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 대구시의 고등학생 275명이었으며, 부모애착척도, 자아분화척도, 자아존중감척도와 Beck의 우울척도를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 t-test, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 이용한 경로분석을 실시하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별에 따라 모애착과 우울은 유의한 차이가 있었으나 부애착, 자아분화, 자아존중감은 차이가 없었다. 즉 남학생보다 여학생이 모애착수준이 높았으며 우울수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부애착, 모애착, 자아분화, 그리고 자아존중감은 상호간에 정적인 상관을 보였으나, 우울은 부․모애착, 자아분화, 자아존중감과 부적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남학생의 경우 자아존중감은 우울에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 부모애착, 자아분화는 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여학생의 경우 우울에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 변인은 자아존중감과 자아분화였으며, 부모애착은 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 남녀학생 모두 우울에 영향을 미치는 변인 중 자아존중감의 영향력이 가장 높았다.

원가족경험과 결혼만족 관계에 미치는 자기분화와 자아존중감의 매개효과

오종현 ( Jong Hyun Oh ) 아시아문화학술원 2016 인문사회 21 Vol.7 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 원가족경험과 결혼만족 관계에서 자기분화와 자아존중감이 미치는 매개효과와 이것의 기혼남녀 집단 간 차이를 확인하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 기혼남녀 764명을 대상으로 원가족경험, 자기분화, 자아존중감, 결혼만족 척도로 구성된질문지를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 원가족경험은 자기분화를 매개로 하여 자아존중감에 긍정적으로 영향을 주었고, 자기분화와 자아존중감을 매개로 하여 결혼만족에 긍정적으로 영향을 주었다. 또한 자기분화는 자아존중감을 매개로 하여 결혼만족에 긍정적으로 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 기혼남녀의 집단에 따라 원가족경험이 자기분화와 자아존중감을 매개로 한 결혼만족에 미친 영향력의 차이에서 자아존중감에 대한 원가족경험의 직접효과는 남편이 아내에 비해 더 컸고, 원가족경험이 자아존중감을 매개로 하여 결혼만족에 미치는 매개효과 역시 남편이 아내에 비해 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 원가족경험이 결혼만족에 이르는 경로에 있어서 직접적인 영향보다는 자기분화와 자아존중감을 매개로 하여영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 또한 자기분화는 결혼만족에 직접적인 영향은 물론 자아존중감을 매개하여 간접적인 영향을 미치고 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 마지막으로 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구 과제를 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to address the mediating effects of self-differentiation and self-esteem on the relationships between family-of-origin experiences and marital satisfaction and to explore the gender differences in the mediating effects. The subjects were 764 married mem and women. the scales of Family-of-Origin Experiences, Self-Differentiation, Self-Esteem, Marrital Satisfaction were administered to the subjects. The results were as follows; First, familyof- origin experiences were found to have positive effects on self-esteem through differentiation of self; and it also does on marital satisfaction via self-differentiation and self-esteem. Also, differentiation of self has positive effects on marital satisfaction through self-esteem. Second, gender differences of effects of family-of-origin experiences on marital satisfaction via self-differentiation and self-esteem were revealed; husbands have greater direct effects of family of origin experience on self-esteem than wives; and they also have greater mediating effects of experiences in family of origin on marital satisfaction through self-esteem. In conclusion, the in family-of-origin experiences affect marital satisfaction via mediators-self-differentiation and self-esteem-rather directly. Also, differentiation of self not only directly affect marital satisfaction but also indirectly via self-esteem. Lastly, the limitations and the succeeding research were discussed.