근대 계몽기 지식인 단체 네트워크 분석 -학회보 및 협회보(1906~1910)를 중심으로

전성규,허예슬,이여진,최장락 상허학회 2022 상허학보 Vol.65 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze the network of intellectual groups in the academic journals published in the Modern Enlightenment(1906~1910). First, the total number of members of each of the 11 groups, which had been estimated so far, was accurately identified based on the member list of each academic journal. Based on this database, network analysis was attempted using the network visualization program Gephi. Through this, it was possible to check the topographical maps of all 11 groups. Among the 11 groups, the Daehan-Hyeobhoe is the most central node and the hinge that mediates heterogeneous groups. This position itself represents the moderateness and expandability of the Korean Association to become a representative institution of the people. It is necessary to pay attention to the position of the Daehan-Hyeobhoe as a hub that mediates several hubs between multi-centric hubs. In addition, the cluster analysis of 11 groups was conducted through modularity measurement. As a result, the computer classified groups of international students in Japan into one small group. Because the overlap of members of these groups was higher than that of other societies, it was judged that they had a single sequence. However, when the analysis was carried out in detail, it was confirmed that many of the overlapping members of the international student groups in Japan belonged to the members of the domestic branch. In the past, Daehan-heung-hakhoe was mainly meant as an integrated organization of foreign students in Japan, including Daehan-hakhoe and the Taegeuk-hakhoe. However, it is judged that branch members account for a significant portion of the ratio of duplicate members, and relatively few members of the main body in Japan have flowed into the Daehan-heung-hakhoe. Through network analysis, it is confirmed that a significant number of new people migrated at the time of the establishment of the Daehan-heung-hakhoe. As a result of examining information on some of the people who joined only the Daehan-heung-hakhoe, some of them included groups that were actively involved in the social and cultural movement of the 1920s. There is very little information about the future activities of those who actively participated in the Modern Enlightenment Society movement. If the information on people who were active in various aspects of literary fields and cultural and social movements is added, the limitations of research on modern Enlightenment journal materials will also be overcome. Finally, information on some of the people who were listed in various groups and actively participated in the movement through the Out-Degree figure was investigated. Among those who were active in 3-5 groups, many were from Ham-gyeong-do (province) and Pyeong-an-do(province). As a result of regional statistics of people with high out-degree, Yeongheung and Yeongyu regions in Pyeong-an-do were the most prominent. In particular, this area has been a place where enthusiasm for civilization and modernization has been high, and economic movement was promoted due to abundant resources such as mines. These groups started their movement based on the region and some classes at first, but they are gradually expanding the base of participation classes and mobility. They put their efforts into the expansion of branches, and through the production of media such as newspapers and magazines, they formed the basis of public opinion. At that time, the group movement was considered a movement for the country and the people. With various directions and purposes, various groups intended to reach all parts of the Korean Peninsula. 본 연구는 근대 계몽기(1906~1910)에 발간된 학회보 및 협회보를 대상으로 지식인 단체 네트워크 분석을 수행하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 우선 각 학보의 회원명부란을 중심으로 그간 추정에 머물러 왔던 11개 각 단체의 전체 회원수를 정확도 높게 파악하였고 이 데이터베이스를 기반으로 하여 네트워크 시각화 프로그램 Gephi를 사용해 네트워크 분석을 시도하였다. 이를 통해 우선 11개 전체 학회 지형도를 확인할 수 있었다. 11개 학회 중 대한협회는 가장 중심성이 높은 노드이자 이질적인 그룹을 매개하는 연결점으로 역할을 하고 있다. 이러한 위치는 대한협회가 인민의 대표기관이 되고자 표방한 중도성, 확장성을 그 자체로 대변하고 있다. 다 중심적 허브들 사이에 여러 허브를 매개하는 허브로서 대한협회라는 위치에 주목할 필요가 있다. 또한 모듈성(modularity) 측정을 통해 11개 단체의 소집단 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 컴퓨터는 대한학회, 태극학회, 대한흥학회 등 재일유학생 단체를 하나의 소집단으로 분류하였다. 이들 단체의 회원의 겹침이 다른 학회들보다 많았기 때문에 하나의 계열성을 가진 것으로 판단한 것이다. 하지만 이에 대한 분석을 구체적으로 진행하였을 때 재일유학생 단체끼리 겹치는 회원 중 상당수가 국내 지회 회원 소속으로 확인되었다. 그간 대한흥학회는 대한학회와 태극학회를 비롯한 재일유학생의 통합 단체로 주로 의미화되었다. 하지만 지회 회원이 중복회원의 비율 중 상당수를 차지하고 상대적으로 일본에 있는 본회 회원들 중에는 대한흥학회로의 유입이 적었다고 판단된다. 재일유학생단체 네트워크 분석을 통해 그동안 일본 유학생의 흡수와 통합으로 설명된 커뮤니티의 성격이 재의미화될 필요가 있다. 또한 근대 계몽기 학회 운동에 활발히 참여한 사람들의 이후 행적에 대해서는 정보가 매우 소략한 실정이다. 실업이나 교육 외에도 문학운동, 문화와 사회 운동의 다양한 측면에서 활동한 인물들에 정보가 추가될 경우 근대 계몽기 학보 자료의 연구의 제한성 또한 재고될 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 Out-Degree 수치를 통해 여러 단체에 이름을 올리며 학회 운동에 높은 관심을 가진 인물들 중 일부에 대한 정보를 조사하였다. 3~5개 단체에서 활동한 사람들 중에는 함경도와 평안도 지역 출신이 많이 포함되어 있었다. Out-Degree가 높은 인물들의 출신지역 통계를 내본 결과 평안도 영흥, 영유 지역이 가장 두드러졌다. 이 지역은 특히 예전부터 문명개화와 근대교육에 대한 열의가 높았던 곳이었을 뿐만 아니라 광산 등 자원이 풍부해 실업이 진흥되던 곳이었다. 그러한 이유로 대한자강회, 대한협회, 서우학회, 서북학회 등 여러 학회들이 지회 설립에 공을 들였던 곳이기도 하다. 실업가들이 다양한 학회 운동에 참여하고 있는 상황을 확인할 수 있다. 근대계몽기 학회 및 협회는 처음에는 지역을 기반으로, 일부의 계층을 중심으로, 그 움직임을 시작하였지만 점차 참여계층과 활동의 기반을 넓혀나가는 운동성을 띠고 있다. 많은 단체들이 지회와 지교의 확장에 힘을 쏟았고 신문이나 잡지와 같은 매체의 생산을 통해 담론적 실천으로서 여론의 기반을 만들어 나갔다. 이 당시 단체운동은 국가와 국민을 위한 운동으로 사념되었다. 다양한 방향성과 목적성을 가지고 여러 단체들은 자신이 개척하는 언로가 한반도 곳곳에 닿기를 기도하였다. 단체와 회원을 중심으로 ...

Nonexistence of h-convex cuspidal standard fundamental domain

Omer Yayenie 대한수학회 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.5

It is well-known that if a convex hyperbolic polygon is constructed as a fundamental domain for a subgroup of the modular group, then its translates by the group elements form a locally finite tessellation and its side-pairing transformations form a system of generators for the group. Such hyperbolically convex polygons can be obtained by using Dirichlet's and Ford's polygon constructions. Another method of obtaining a fundamental domain for subgroups of the modular group is through the use of a right coset decomposition and we call such domains standard fundamental domains. In this paper we give subgroups of the modular group which do not have hyperbolically convex standard fundamental domain containing only inequivalent cusps. It is well-known that if a convex hyperbolic polygon is constructed as a fundamental domain for a subgroup of the modular group, then its translates by the group elements form a locally finite tessellation and its side-pairing transformations form a system of generators for the group. Such hyperbolically convex polygons can be obtained by using Dirichlet's and Ford's polygon constructions. Another method of obtaining a fundamental domain for subgroups of the modular group is through the use of a right coset decomposition and we call such domains standard fundamental domains. In this paper we give subgroups of the modular group which do not have hyperbolically convex standard fundamental domain containing only inequivalent cusps.

제품의 모듈 설계의 체계화

목학수,양태일 한국경영과학회 2002 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(1)

A module design aims to develop product architecture that consists physically detachable units such as module. To develop the system of module design, this paper suggests the methodology of part grouping, evaluation of modularization of a product for improving modularization. To determine modules, module concept is proposed to satisfy the objectives of a modular design. Therefore, there are functional, structural, and process modularizations in a modular concept. Module grouping can be accomplished by using an optimization model that maximizes the sum of the weighting. The present study proposes the p-median model and the direct clustering technique. The optimal clustering solution can be obtained by comparing two clustering techniques. To find the best solution among part groups, evaluation of modularization is performed based on the concept of module design. For the evaluation of modularization, evaluation criteria of modularization are used in the matrix table.

NONEXISTENCE OF H-CONVEX CUSPIDAL STANDARD FUNDAMENTAL DOMAIN

Yayenie, Omer Korean Mathematical Society 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.5

It is well-known that if a convex hyperbolic polygon is constructed as a fundamental domain for a subgroup of the modular group, then its translates by the group elements form a locally finite tessellation and its side-pairing transformations form a system of generators for the group. Such hyperbolically convex polygons can be obtained by using Dirichlet's and Ford's polygon constructions. Another method of obtaining a fundamental domain for subgroups of the modular group is through the use of a right coset decomposition and we call such domains standard fundamental domains. In this paper we give subgroups of the modular group which do not have hyperbolically convex standard fundamental domain containing only inequivalent cusps.

Note on M* -groups

R. Sahin,S. ?kikardes,?. Koruo?lu 장전수학회 2007 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.14 No.2

A compact Klein surface with boundary of algebraic genus g 2 has at most12(g 1) automorphisms. When a surface attains this bound, it has maximal symmetry, and the group of automorphisms is then called an M* group. In this paper, we consider the extended modular group and we give some new examples of M-groups which are finite quotient groups of

Grouping-Sorting Optimized Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Converter with Reduced Comp utational Load

L. Pu,W. Yue,C. Wulong,L. Wanjun 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is a promising topology for high voltage/power AC/DC and DC/AC applications. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an advanced and simple method for power converters control. However, its computational load becomes unacceptable when MMC voltage level increases. Although an optimized MPC proposed for the MMC decreased the number of the possible actuations of each phase from Cⁿ2N to N+1 for N+1 levels MMC, which is still difficult for application as the number of submodule for each arm reached hundreds. The Grouping-Sorting algorithm optimized MPC (GSOMPC) is proposed in the paper. The submodule capacitor voltages within the group and among groups are sorted according to the arm current polarity, the proposed GSOMPC decreased the number of the possible actuations of each phase from N+1 to 2X+M+3 (N=M×X) for N+1 levels MMC. The simulation and experimental results based on 25-level MMC verify the correctness and effectiveness of the GSOMPC strategy.

Some Modular Forms Related to Cubic Surfaces

E. Freitag 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2003 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.43 No.3

The paper contains a thorough investigation of modular forms on a certain orthogonal group of signature (2;8). Main tools are the lifting constructions of Borcherds.These results can be applied to a unitary group of signature (1;4) which occurs as sub group of the orthogonal group. This unitary group is related to cubic surfaces. Some of the results of this paper have been used without proof in a joint paper with D. Allcock: Cubic Surfaces and Borcherds Products in Commentarii Math. Helv., Vol. 77(Issue 2), 270{296, (2002).

CFD-DEM simulation on the complex gas-solid flow in a closed chamber with particle groups

An Chen,Yonggang Yu 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.11

There is a complex gas-solid flow in the cylindrical closed chamber during the interior ballistic process in a modular-charge gun launch. The motion and the distribution of particles in the flow have significant effects on the combustion stability in the interior ballistic process. Therefore, the solid particle-scale details of the gas-solid flow in the closed chamber with hollow-cylindrical particle groups were numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics combined with the discrete element method (CFD-DEM). The results show that the particle final distribution is composed of a gentle-slope accumulation, a horizontal accumulation, and a steep-slope accumulation. Thereinto, the voidage of the steep-slope accumulation is decreased with the axial position far away from modules. With the increase of the initial spacing between two particle groups, the axial length of the steep-slope accumulation is increased exponentially, whereas the tangent value of the inclined angle is decreased exponentially.

직장인의 행복증진을 위한 모듈형 집단상담 프로그램의 개발과 적용

이아름 한국상담학회 2018 상담학연구 사례 및 실제 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop a modular happiness promotion group counseling program suitable for the needs, desires and actual situations of the employees and apply them to the utilization and to provide suggestions for modular group counseling program. The integrated happiness promotion group counseling program was conducted 15 sessions for 5 participants in their late 20s and early 30s. And the modular happiness promotion group counseling program was conducted 5 sessions for 5 participants in their early 40s and late 50s. The pre-post “The Revised Oxford Happiness Scale” was conducted to confirm the effect of two group counseling and individual comparison. The score change of the scale, impressions of participants, survey of satisfaction were analyzed and presented. As a result, there was no significant difference between integrated group counseling program and modular group counseling program. This was the result that the form of various group counseling should be utilized at the counseling field, it was important to apply the element of happiness promotion by applying it according to the needs and situations of employees. The conclusion of this study was as follows. First, a modular group counseling program constructed according to the characteristics and needs of the client may be able to promote happiness. Second, it was necessary to consider modularized programs by constructing activities according to the characteristics, needs and situations of participants. In order to utilize it on the actual site, it was suggested to arrange it so that it can be used in a modular system with a single focus system configuration. 본 연구는 직장인의 필요와 욕구, 현실적 상황에 적합한 모듈형 행복증진 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 모듈형 집단상담 프로그램의 활용에 대한 시사를 제공하고자 한다. 통합형 행복증진 집단상담 프로그램은 20대 후반-30대 초반 참여자 5명을 대상으로 15회기 실시되었으며, 모듈형 행복증진 집단상담 프로그램은 40대 초반-50대 후반 직장인 5명을 대상으로 5회기 진행되었다. 두 집단상담의 효과와 개인별 비교를 위해 사전-사후 옥스퍼드 행복 질문지를 실시하였고, 행복 질문지 점수 변화와 참여자의 참여 소감, 만족도 질문지를 분석하여 결과로 제시하였으며, 분석 결과 통합형 집단상담 프로그램과 모듈형 집단상담 프로그램의 효과는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 상담현장에서 직장인의 필요와 여건에 따라 집중적으로 적용하거나 행복증진의 요소별로 선택하여 활용할 수 있는 다양한 집단상담의 형태가 활용되어야 함을 보여주는 결과이며, 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내담자의 특성과 욕구에 따라 구성한 모듈형 집단상담 프로그램으로도 행복증진이 가능할 수 있다. 둘째, 향후 행복증진 집단상담 프로그램의 구안 및 개발에서는 참여자의 특성과 욕구, 상황에 따라 활동들을 선택적으로 구성하여 운영할 수 있는 모듈형 집단상담 프로그램을 고려할 필요가 있다. 이러한 활용을 위해서는 각 활동들에 대해 단일 초점을 가진 체계적 구성을 통해 모듈식으로 사용할 수 있게 정돈하여 구안하는 것이 실제 현장에서 효율적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

PROPERTIES ON TYPES OF PRIMITIVE NEAR-RINGS

Cho, Yong-Uk Korean Mathematical Society 2004 대한수학회논문집 Vol.19 No.4

Throughout this paper, we will consider that R is a near-ring and G an R-group. We initiate the study of monogenic, strongly monogenic R-groups, 3 types of nonzero R-groups and their basic properties. At first, we investigate some properties of D.G. (R, S)-groups, faithful R-groups, monogenic R-groups, simple and R-simple R-groups. Next, we introduce modular right ideals, t-modular right ideals and 3 types of primitive near-rings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some properties of primitive types near-rings and their characterizations.