국내 광전기화학 수소생산의 경제성 평가

김봉진,김종욱 한국수소및신에너지학회 2010 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

This paper deals with an economic evaluation of domestic immersing type photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. We also make some sensitivity analysis of hydrogen production prices by changing the values of input factors such as the initial capital cost, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency, and the system duration time. The hydrogen production price of the immersing type photoelectrochemical system was estimated as 8,264,324 won/kgH2. It is expected that the production cost by photoelectrochemical hydrogen production can be reduced to 26,961 won/kgH2 if the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency is increased to 14%, the system duration time is increased to 20,000 hours, and the initial capital cost is decreased to 10% of the current level. The photoelectrochemical hydrogen production is evaluated as uneconomical at this time, and we need to enhance the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency and the system duration time as well as to reduce prices of the system facilities.

국내 수소 생산, 소비 및 유통 현황

김봉진,김종욱,최상진 한국수소및신에너지학회 2005 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

This paper deals with the survey of domestic hydrogen production, consumption, and distribution. The amount of domestic hydrogen production and consumption has not been identified, and we survey the amount of domestic hydrogen production and consumption by industries. The hydrogen production industries are classified into the oil industry, the petrochemical industry, the chemical industry, and the other industry. In 2004, the amount of domestic hydrogen production was 972,601 ton, which corresponded to 1.9% of the global hydrogen production. The oil industry produced 635,683 ton(65.4%), the petrochemical industry produced 241,970 ton(24.9%), the chemical industry produced 66,250 ton(6.8%), the other industry produced 28,698 ton(2.9%). The hydrogen consumptions of corresponding industries were close to the hydrogen productions of industries except that of the other industry. Most hydrogen was used as non-energy for raw materials and hydrogen additions to the process. Only 122,743 ton(12.6%) of domestic hydrogen was used as energy for heating boilers. In 2004, 47,948 ton of domestic hydrogen was distributed. The market shares of pipeline, tube trailers and cylinders were 84.4% and 15.6%, respectively. The purity of 31,848 ton(66.4%) of the distributed hydrogen was 99.99%, and 16,100 ton(33.6%) was greater than or equal to 99.999%. Besides domestic hydrogen, we also identify the byproduct gases which contain hydrogen. The iron industry produces COG(coke oven gas), BFG(blast furnace gas), and LDG(Lintz Donawitz converter gas) that contain hydrogen. In 2004, byproduct gases of the iron industry contained 355,000 ton of hydrogen.

Comparison of hydrogen production by four representative hydrogen-producing bacteria

Jeong, T.Y.,Cha, G.C.,Yeom, S.H.,Choi, S.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2008 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.14 No.3

The characteristics of hydrogen production by four different hydrogen-producing bacteria (Clostridium beijerinckii, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, anaerobic bacteria isolated from sludge digester and Bacillus megaterium) were investigated quantitatively. The mathematical analysis using Gompertz equation showed that C. beijerinckii was the best hydrogen producer from glucose in terms of hydrogen-production potential and specific hydrogen-production rate. However, the bacteria required relatively long lag time at high-initial glucose concentration. The anaerobic bacteria showing the highest maximum hydrogen-production rate and relatively short lag time have a limit of low-hydrogen-production potential because they are mixed culture and produce some amount of methane gas. C. beijerinckii will be used in the actual system for hydrogen production from carbohydrate but the anaerobic bacteria may be a good choice for the production of hydrogen from wastewater containing innumerable compounds.

Variations of hydrogen production and microbial community with heavy metals during fermentative hydrogen production

Yoona Cho,이태진 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.2

The effects of heavy metals on fermentative hydrogen production were examined based on metal type and concentration. Hydrogen production was stimulated by low concentrations of Cd and Zn but decreased at concentrations of 40 and 1 mg/L, respectively. Hydrogen production was inhibited for the entire range of Cu tested. The order of toxic density was Cu > Zn > Cd at concentrations below 2 mg/L but was Zn > Cu > Cd at higher concentrations. The depression rates of hydrogen production were calculated to be 225.8 mL-H2/mg-Zn, 67.37 mL-H2/mg-Cu, and 13.39 mL-H2/mg-Cd. The presence of heavy metals caused a shift in microbial community. The presence of Clostridium genus bacteria,identified as Clostridium magum, Clostridium diolis, and Clostridium sp., resulted in active hydrogen production. Klebsiella genus bacteria were the most abundant of the class Gammaproteobacteria and also stimulated hydrogen production at relatively low concentrations of heavy metal. When Rhodocista pekingensis, Erwinia chrysanthemi strain 1015-1, Delftia sp. YF 31, or uncultured Klebsiella sp. clone F1apr.32 were present, hydrogen production was seriously decreased.

Characterization of Hydrogen Production by Engineered Escherichia coli Strains Using Rich Defined Media

Juanita Mathews,Quanzi Li,Guangyi Wang 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.4

Fermentation conditions (e.g., pressure and medium) are well-documented to impact the yield of microbial products in bioreactors. In this study we used carefully controlled batch fermentations to characterize hydrogen production from engineered strains of Escherichia coli and developed a rapid method of inducing hydrogen production in previously aerobically grown cells by using a rich defined medium. Our results indicated that rich defined media activated hydrogen production from aerobic pre-cultures with no lag time and yielded more hydrogen and biomass than the commonly used minimal media. Under these conditions, deletion of both uptake hydrogenase 1 (ΔhyaAB) and hydrogenase 2 (ΔhybABC) was shown to increase hydrogen yield from glucose by 10% over the wildtype strain BW25113. However, the deletion of the repressor for the formate-hydrogen-lyase (FHL-1) complex (ΔhycA) did not further increase hydrogen production. Additional deletion of lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) and fumarate reductase (frdBC) of the mixed-acid fermentation pathway increased hydrogen yield by 22 and 23%, respectively. Interestingly, combined elimination of ldhA and frdBC in the uptake and hycA null strain increased hydrogen yield from 1.37 to 1.82 mol/mol glucose, obtaining 91% of the theoretical maximum hydrogen yield. Our results indicated the advantage of using rich defined media for inducing hydrogen production. This study represents the first report of characterizing metabolically engineered E. coli strains in batch hydrogen fermentation using rich defined media under tightly controlled conditions.

Microbial Communities of Food Waste Fermentation Process with Different Concentration of Nitrogen

( Sung-young Mo ),( Tae-jin Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

I. Introduction Recently, the world focuses on the development of a clean energy for our environment because of shortage of fossil fuel and pollution problem. Hydrogen is one of the clean energy. Bio-hydrogen gas production has received a wide spread attention due to its potential as a powerful fuel. Although the biological production of hydrogen gas from organic matters has not been studied intensively, it has become an exciting new area of technology that offers a chance to use hydrogen from a variety of renewable resources. In this study, the effects of nitrogen concentration and microbial community were investigated in the fermentative hydrogen production of food waste. II. Materials and methods Hydrogen production experiments were conducted in a 1.5L batch reactor at 30℃. pH of the food waste was adjusted to 5.52) by the addition of 3N aqueous KOH. The produced gas was collected by the biogas collector filled with 2% aqueous H₂SO₄ (v/v) solution. The batch reactor is shown at Fig. 1. To analyze the complexity of the hydrogen-producing microbial community, DNA was extracted from the microorganisms in the reactor. The 16s rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR using 341f and 518r as primers followed by separation of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Each band on the DGGE profile represented a gene fragment of unique 16s rDNA sequences, each of which was analyzed using the BLAST program for identification of each species in the microbial community. III. Result and discussion Hydrogen gas production(Ph) and maximum hydrogen production rate(Rh) of the food waste fermentation with deferent concentration of nitrogen were calculated using a modified Gompartz equation1) at Table 1. Peak hydrogen production potential value (1309.5mL) occurred at 600mg/L of nitrogen concentration with 1000 mg NaCl/L. R-square values for regression analysis were shown over 92% for this experiment. PCR-DGGE analysis on 16S rDNA was attempted to investigate the effects of nitrogen concentration on microbial community responsible for hydrogen production. PCR-DGGE profiles of the samples showed various band patterns in Fig. 2. Based on band intensities, Band 9 and 11 of the sample with 600 mg/L nitrogen concentration was distinctly observed. Band 9, 11 were confirmed as Clostiridium and Band 1, 7 were confirmed as Enterococcus and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium respectively. IV. Conclusion 1) Peak hydrogen production potential value (1309.5mL) occurred at 600mg/L of nitrogen concentration with 1000mg NaCl/L. 2) The analysis shows that most microbe were identified as clostridium and enterobacter. Especially clostridium was founded in 600 mg/L nitrogen concentration.

Hydrogen production in the light of sustainability: A comparative study on the hydrogen production technologies using the sustainability index assessment method

Nima Norouzi 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.4

Hydrogen as an environmentally friendly energy carrier has received special attention to solving uncertainty about the presence of renewable energy and its dependence on time and weather conditions. This material can be prepared from different sources and in various ways. In previous studies, fossil fuelshave been used in hydrogen production, but due to several limitations, especially the limitation of theaccess to this material in the not-too-distant future and the great problem of greenhouse gas emissionsduring hydrogen production methods. New methods based on renewable and green energy sources asenergy drivers of hydrogen production have been considered. In these methods, water or biomass materials are used as the raw material for hydrogen production. In this article, after a brief review ofdifferent hydrogen production methods concerning the required raw material, these methods areexamined and ranked from different aspects of economic, social, environmental, and energy and exergyanalysis sustainability. In the following, the current position of hydrogen production is discussed. Finally,according to the introduced methods, their advantages, and disadvantages, solar electrolysis as a methodof hydrogen production on a small scale and hydrogen production by thermochemical method on a largescale are introduced as the preferred methods.

Comparison of hydrogen production by four representative hydrogen-producing bacteria

Tae-Young Jeong,Gi-Cheol Cha,Sung Ho Yeom,최석순 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.3

The characteristics of hydrogen production by four different hydrogen-producing bacteria (Clostridium beijerinckii, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, anaerobic bacteria isolated from sludge digester and Bacillus megaterium) were investigated quantitatively. The mathematical analysis using Gompertz equation showed that C. beijerinckii was the best hydrogen-producer from glucose in terms of hydrogen production potential and specific hydrogen production rate. However, the bacteria required relatively long lag time at high initial glucose concentration. The anaerobic bacteria showing the highest maximum hydrogen production rate and relatively short lag time have a limit of low hydrogen production potential because they are mixed culture and produce some amount of methane gas. C. beijerinckii will be used in the actual system for hydrogen production from carbohydrate but the anaerobic bacteria may be a good choice for the production of hydrogen from wastewater containing innumerable compounds

Enhancement of hydrogen production and power density in a bio-reformed formic acid fuel cell (BrFAFC) using genetically modified Enterobacter asburiae SNU-1

Lee, J.,Jung, N.,Shin, J.H.,Park, J.H.,Sung, Y.E.,Park, T.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.22

The objective of this research was to enhance hydrogen production and power density of a bio-reformed fuel cell (BrFAFC) in the fermentative hydrogen-producing bacterium, Enterobacter asburiae SNU-1, by genetic manipulation and treatment for cell stability. At certain formate concentrations and pHs, formate hydrogen lyase (FHL) decomposes formate to hydrogen and CO<SUB>2</SUB>. FHL is expressed by the FhlA transcription activator. Consequently, over-expressing the fhlA gene will increase FHL activity. We tested hydrogen productivity in peptone-yeast extract-glucose (PYG) growth medium and in formate production medium using fhlA over-expressed E. asburiae SNU-1 and found that specific hydrogen production was enhanced by 36.89% and 56.28%, respectively. Using a 25 mM optimized concentration of MgSO<SUB>4</SUB>, cell autolysis, which impedes hydrogen production in formic acid media, decreased; therefore, hydrogen production increased by 18%. A BrFAFC performance test was conducted in 300 mM formic acid containing 25 mM MgSO<SUB>4</SUB>. The BrFAFC using fhlA over-expressed SNU-1 as a cell catalyst for hydrogen production showed similar fuel cell performance up to 0.6 V compared to that of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell supplying pure H<SUB>2</SUB> gas, and also generated a two-fold maximum power density than that using the SNU-1wild type.

국내 저온수전해 수소생산의 경제성 평가

김봉진,김종욱,고현민 한국수소및신에너지학회 2011 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.22 No.4

This paper deals with an economic evaluation of domestic low-temperature water electrolysis hydrogen production. We evaluate the economic feasibility of on-site hydrogen fueling stations with the hydrogen production capacity of 30 Nm^3/hr by the alkaline and the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. The hydrogen production prices of the alkaline water electrolysis, the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis, and the steam methane reforming hydrogen fueling stations with the hydrogen production capacity of 30 Nm^3/hr were estimated as 18,403 won/kgH_2, 22,945 won/kgH_2, 21,412 won/kgH_2, respectively. Domestic alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production is evaluated as economical for small on-site hydrogen fueling stations, and we need to further study the economic evaluation of low-temperature water electrolysis hydrogen production for medium and large scale on-site hydrogen fueling stations.