단보 : 녹비작물 환원에 따른 벼 재배지 인산수지 평가

김태영 ( Tae Young Kim ),아일린 ( Aileen Rose Daquiado ),파리둘 ( Faridul Alam ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: In Korea, green manure has been cultivated for reducing chemical fertilizer application, maintaining soil fertility, and feeding livestock in winter season. We evaluated the phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system with different removal rates of green manure for maintaining soil fertility. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch mixture was selected as the green manure in this study. The barley and hairy vetch was sowed at a rate of 135 and 23 kg/ha, respectively, without fertilizer application. Total aboveground biomass was 12000 (barley: 5400 kg/ha, hairy vetch: 6600 kg/ha) kg/ha, and these green manure were incorporated with different input rates before rice planting. The input rates of green manure in this study were 0 (NPK+0%), 25 (NPK+25%), 50 (NPK+50%), 75 (NPK+75%) and 100 % (NPK+100) and the standard fertilization (NPK) without green manure cultivation. All treatments were applied with standard fertilizer (N-P-K: 90-19.6-48.3 kg/ha) before rice planting. The highest rice yield was observed in NPK+50% which was 20% higher compared with NPK. The phosphate balance with different incorporation rates of green manure was-104.0,-76.8,-52.9,-27.4, and 6.0 kg/ha for NPK+0%, NPK+25%, NPK+50%, NPK+75%, and NPK+100%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The use of green manure for livestock feeding in green manure-rice cropping systems could remove a huge amount of phosphate. This cropping system strongly requires phosphate application before green manure seeding for maintaining soil fertility.

Screen of Green Manure Crops for Cultivation on Agricultural Land with Spring Season in the Central Regions of Korea

Hyeon-Suk Cho,Myung-Chul Seo,Jun-Hwan Kim,Wan-gyu Sang,Pyeong Shin,Geon Hwi Lee 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have 5 ton ha<SUP>-1</SUP> or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

Screen of Green Manure Crops for Cultivation on Agricultural Land with Spring Season in the Central Regions of Korea

조현숙,서명철,김준환,상완규,신평,이건휘 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have 5 ton ha-1 or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

Screen of Green Manure Crops for Cultivation on Agricultural Land with Spring Season in the Central Regions of Korea

Cho, Hyeon-Suk,Seo, Myung-Chul,Kim, Jun-Hwan,Sang, Wan-gyu,Shin, Pyeong,Lee, Geon Hwi 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have $5tonha^{-1}$ or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

논토양에서 돈분액비 시용이 화본과 및 두과 녹비작물의 생육과 양분공급량에미치는 영향

이상규,서동철,서영진,유진희,전원태,김민태,허종수,조주식,강세원 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.2

The effects of liquid pig manure (LPM) on growth and nutrient contributions of green manure crops of gramineae and legume were investigated in paddy soil. Green manure crops were sowed in October 11, 2011 and harvested in May 20, 2012. Green manure crops of gramineae used in this study were Secale cereale L. (rye) and Hordeum vulgare L. (whole crop barley), and green manure crops of legume used in this study were Astragalus sinicus L. (chinese milk vetch) and Vicia villosa roth (hairy vetch). By treating LPM in paddy soil, heights and biomass of green manure crops of gramineae and legume were increased, compared to those in paddy soil without LPM. The increase rates of biomass were higher in the order of whole crop barley (154%) > rye (138%) > hairy vetch (45%) > chinese milk vetch (41%), compared to paddy soil without LPM. In paddy soil with LPM, increase rates of N, P2O5 and K2O contributions in green manure crops of gramineae range 205∼220%, 109∼197% and 166∼184%, respectively, compared to paddy soil without LPM. In green manure crops of legume, increase rates of N, P2O5 and K2O contribution by treating LPM were 47∼49%, 44∼54% and 43∼61%, respectively, compared to paddy soil without LPM. By treating LPM, the increase rates of biomass and nutrient contributions in green manure crops of gramineae were generally higher than those in green manure crops of legume. Especially, nutrient contributions of green manure crops of gramineae were approximately three times higher than green manure crops of legume. Therefore, nutrient use efficiencies in green manure crops of gramineae (rye and whole crop barley) were higher than those in green manure crops of legume (chinese milk vetch and hairy vetch) in paddy soil treated liquid pig manure. 본 연구는 논토양에서 돈분액비의 시용이 화본과 및 두과 녹비작물의 생육과 양분공급량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해, 화본과 녹비작물과 두과 녹비작물을 파종하여 돈분액비 시용유무에 따라 biomass 및 양분공급량을 조사하였다. 파종된 화본과 녹비작물은 호밀(Secale cereale L.)과 청보리(Hordeum vulgare L.)이었으며, 두과 녹비작물은 자운영(Astragalus sinicus L.)과 헤어리베치(Vicia villosa roth)이었다. 돈분액비를 투입함에 따라 녹비작물의 biomass는 유의성 있게 증가하였으며, 돈분액비 무시용구 대비 돈분액비 시용구의 biomass 증가율은 청보리(154%) > 호밀(138%) > 헤어리베치(45%) > 자운영(41%)순으로 높았다. 녹비작물의 양분공급량도 biomass와 마찬가지로 돈분액비를 투입함에 따라 유의성 있게 증가하는 경향이었으며, 돈분액비 무시용구 대비 돈분액비 시용구의 N, P2O5 및 K2O 공급량은 각각 205∼220%, 109∼197% 및 166∼184% 범위이었다. 돈분액비를 투입함에 따른 녹비작물의 biomass와 양분공급량 증가율은 전반적으로 두과 녹비작물보다 화본과 녹비작물에서 매우 우수한 경향이었다. 특히, 화본과 녹비작물의 증가된 양분공급량은 두과 녹비작물에 비해 약 3배 정도 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 돈분액비 시용에 따른 양분이용효율은 화본과 녹비작물(호밀 및 청보리)이 두과 녹비작물(자운영 및 헤어리베치)에 비해 더 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

연구보문 : 토양환경 ; 녹비작물 무 환원-벼 작부체계에서 질소와 인산수지 평가

김태영 ( Tae Young Kim ),아일린 ( Aileen Rose Daquiado ),파리둘 ( Faridul Alam ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: The nutrient balance in Korea during 1985-2006 had continually increased and maintained the highest levels among OECD countries. The use of green manure crops such as barley and hairy vetch is common practice for reducing chemical fertilizer application and maintaining soil fertility. However, green manure crops can also be used as a livestock feeding material which may reduce nutrient balance in the national scale. We calculated nitrogen and phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system where all green manure was removed and used for feeding livestock. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch grown in pure stands or in mixtures with different sowing rates were tested for rice cultivation without chemical fertilization. The conventional fertilization (NPK) for rice cultivation was selected to compare nutrient balance with green manure-rice cultivation. Nitrogen and phosphate balance were calculated according to the surface balance method of the PARCOM guidelines. Total aboveground biomass of mixture (barley and hairy vetch) was higher compared to that of pure barley or hairy vetch. Among the mixture with barley and hairy vetch, the highest aboveground biomass was observed in B75H25 (barley 75%+hairy vetch 25%). The nitrogen and phosphate balance in the B75H25 mixture was-104 kg N/ha and-50.3 kg P/ha, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The barley and hairy vetch mixture proved to be a very effective strategy for biomass production of green manure. The amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer to be applied is estimated to be 104 kg N/ha and 50.3 kg P/ha in order to maintain soil fertility if all green manure and rice straw were removed from rice field for livestock feeding.

고랭지에 적합한 녹비작물 선발과 그 시용 효과

김세원 ( S. W. Kim ),서영호 ( Y. H. Seo ),안문섭 ( M. S. Ahn ),강안석 ( A. S. Kang ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2011 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.23 No.3

In order to improve soil quality of mountainous highland in Gangwon province, green manure cultivation is necessary rather than continuous cultivation of the same crops. One of the difficulties to grow green manure in the region is increase in soil hardness in spring after wintering of rye, the current major green manure. The objectives of the study were to select proper green manure plants suitable to environment of mountainous highland and to compare the application effect of the green manure with rye. Hairy vetch, wheat, and rye showed relatively high survival rate (greater than 35%) and plant height (greater than 45 cm) after winter compared with the other seven green manures. Rye and wheat increased soil penetration resistance to 2.7 and 3.0 MPa, respectively. Although yields of hairy vetch and wheat were less than that of rye, greater contents of nitrogen and calcium for the two green manures than the contents of rye indicated comparable nutrient supply to the following crops. The application effects of hairy vetch and wheat on soil chemical characteristics and Chinese cabbage yield were not significantly different from those of rye. The results obtained in the study implied that hairy vetch and wheat could substitute rye as a green manure for mountainous highland in Gangwon province.

신규 유기농경지 토양의 유기물 공급이 토양 미생물군집에 미치는 영향

안난희,옥정훈,조정래,신재훈,남홍식,김석철 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic matter application on soil microbial activities and diversities in a newly reclaimed soil. Soil chemical properties, population of microbe, microbial biomass, and properties of microbial community were investigated under 4 different treatment (animal manure compost+ green manure, chemical fertilizer, and without fertilizer). The experiment was conducted for 3 years from 2012 to 2014. The most of chemical properties in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment were increased continually compare to chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. The population of bacteria and fungi were higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment, however, there was no difference on actinomyces. Soil microbial biomass C content was higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment than in chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. Biolog examination showed that catabolic diversities of bacterial communities were higher in the treatment of animal manure compost+green manure. It was showed that principle component analysis of the Biolog data differentiated the organic matter amended soils from NPK and control. These results indicated that application of animal manure compost+green manure had a beneficial effect on soil microbial properties.

Use of Hairy Vetch Green Manure as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Corn Production

Seo, Jong-ho,Lee, Ho-jin,Hur, Il-bong,Kim, Si-ju,Kim, Chung-kuk,Jo, Hyeon-suk The Korean Society of Crop Science 2000 Korean journal of crop science Vol.45 No.5

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) winter annual is very effective on reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer for subsequent com by fixed organic green manure nitrogen fixed during hairy vetch growth. In this experiment, hairy vetch produced above-ground dry matter of 5 ton/ha, nitrogen yield 200 kgN/ha, at com planting on the average during 1997 and 1998. Changes in com yield and nitrogen uptake for two years were investigated after application of nitrogen fertilizer 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kgN/ha on plot of winter fallow and hairy vetch green manure, respectively. Nitrogen status such as ear-leaf N%, SPAD value at silk and dough stage, and com yield decreased in proportion to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer at winter fallow, but nitrogen status and yield of com were not different among nitrogen fertilizer rate at hairy vetch green manure. Com yield (total dry matter) at 0 kgN/ha plot of hairy vetch was 22, 20 ton/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively and com could produce more dry matter 9, 13 ton/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer in 1997, 1998, respectively. Com yield (total dry matter) at 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure was higher than that of high N fertilizer rate such as 180, 240 kgN/ha of winter fallow. Nitrogen uptake of com at plot of hairy vetch-no nitrogen fertilizer slightly decreased than at plot of hairy vetch - nitrogen fertilizer, but com absorbed more nitrogen of 141, 159 kgN/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under no nitrogen fertilizer condition in 1997, 1998, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction for com by hairy vetch green manure was 149, 161kgN/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively. Still more, com could absorb more soil nitrogen by nitrogen fertilizer 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure than by high nitrogen fertilizer such as 180, 240 kgN/ha at winter fallow. It is concluded that nitrogen fertilizer for corn could be reduced by winter cultivation and soil incorporation of hairy vetch at com planting.

Use of Hairy Vetch Green Manure as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Corn Production

Jong-ho Seo,Ho-jin Lee,Il-bong Hur,Si-ju Kim,Chung-kuk Kim,Hyeon-suk Jo 韓國作物學會 2000 Korean journal of crop science Vol.45 No.5

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) winter annual is very effective on reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer for subsequent com by fixed organic green manure nitrogen fixed during hairy vetch growth. In this experiment, hairy vetch produced above-ground dry matter of 5 ton/ha, nitrogen yield 200 kgN/ha, at com planting on the average during 1997 and 1998. Changes in com yield and nitrogen uptake for two years were investigated after application of nitrogen fertilizer 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kgN/ha on plot of winter fallow and hairy vetch green manure, respectively. Nitrogen status such as ear-leaf N%, SPAD value at silk and dough stage, and com yield decreased in proportion to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer at winter fallow, but nitrogen status and yield of com were not different among nitrogen fertilizer rate at hairy vetch green manure. Com yield (total dry matter) at 0 kgN/ha plot of hairy vetch was 22, 20 ton/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively and com could produce more dry matter 9, 13 ton/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer in 1997, 1998, respectively. Com yield (total dry matter) at 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure was higher than that of high N fertilizer rate such as 180, 240 kgN/ha of winter fallow. Nitrogen uptake of com at plot of hairy vetch-no nitrogen fertilizer slightly decreased than at plot of hairy vetch - nitrogen fertilizer, but com absorbed more nitrogen of 141, 159 kgN/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under no nitrogen fertilizer condition in 1997, 1998, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction for com by hairy vetch green manure was 149, 161kgN/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively. Still more, com could absorb more soil nitrogen by nitrogen fertilizer 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure than by high nitrogen fertilizer such as 180, 240 kgN/ha at winter fallow. It is concluded that nitrogen fertilizer for corn could be reduced by winter cultivation and soil incorporation of hairy vetch at com planting.