고속도로 성토사면의 잡초방지 처리에 따른 효과 비교분석

전기성 한국산림공학회 2018 산림공학기술 Vol.16 No.3

고속도로 갓길 외측 성토상단 관리방법의 기초자료를 도출하기 위하여 중부내륙고속 도로 시험도로구간에서 잡초침입 방지 공법을 2013년 9월에 시험시공을 실시한 후 2016년에 모니터링을 실시하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 우드칩 멀칭 Ⅰ(우드칩 100mm) 실험구에서는 달맞이꽃, 금계국, 망초, 감국, 쑥, 박주 가리, 개똥쑥 등이 조사되었다. 대상지내 우점하는 식물은 감국이 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 멀칭효과는 43.1%로 분석되었다. 우드칩 멀칭 Ⅱ(우드칩 50mm) 실험구에서는 우점하는 식물은 개망초와 금계국이 우점 하고 있었다. 환경개선에 대한 멀칭 효과는 50%정도 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 고화제(흙고르기 실시) 실험구의 경우 달맞이꽃과 벌노랑이가 조사되었다. 멀칭에 대한 효과는 58.7%로 분석되었다. 고화제(흙고르기 실시 안함) 실험구의 경우 조사된 주요 식생으로는 금계국, 개망초, 박주가리, 쑥이 조사되었다. 미피복된 지역은 29%로 고화제(흙고르기 실시 안함)에 대하여 환경개선 효과는 미비한 것으로 판단된다. 매트(부직포 멀칭) 실험구에 대해 식생조사 결과 달맞이꽃, 개망초, 쑥, 김의털이 조사되었으며 우점하고 있는 식물로는 달맞이꽃으로 조사되었다. 부직포 멀칭에 대한 효과는 75%로 매우 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 대조구에서 조사된 식물은 금계국, 환삼덩굴, 쑥, 며느리밑씻개, 개망초가 출현하였다. 대조구의 경우 미피복된 지역은 27.7%로 대상지의 대부분에서 잡초가 생육하는 것으로 분석되었다. To obtain the basic data on the method of taking care of the upper embankment in the shoulder of a expressway, the experiment in weed prevention was carried out in September, 2013 by constructing a preventive device on the Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway and then the monitoring of the experiment has been conducted in 2016. The result from the analysis on the experiment is as follows. Oenothera biennis, Coreopsis drummondii L., Erigeron canadensis L., Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul., Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Metaplexis japonica, Artemisia annua were discovered on the Woodchip mulching-Ⅰ experimental plot(100mm of wooden chip). The dominant plant in the targeted area is mother Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul.; and according to the analysis, mulching effect was 43.1 percent. On the Woodchip mulching-Ⅱ experimental plot(50mm of wooden chip), Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Coreopsis drummondii L. are dominant population. The mulching effect on improving the environment was 50 percent. On the experimental plot to which solidifying agent was applied (the researcher has not made the ground even), Oenothera biennis, and Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus Regel were founded. The result from the analysis showed that the mulching effect was 58.7 percent. In the case of the experimental plot with solidifying agent (the researcher has not made the ground even), the dominant population was Coreopsis drummondii L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Metaplexis japonica, Artemisia princeps Pampanini. The uncoated area accounts for 29 percent of the experimental areas, and the application of the solidifying agent has little effect on improving the environment(the researcher has not made the ground even). According to the result from the analysis on vegetation survey, there were Oenothera biennis, Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Festuca ovina on the Mulching-felt experimental plot. Oenothera biennis was the dominant species. The effect from the application of the mulching felt was enormous with the figure, 75 percent. The plants discovered on the control plot include Coreopsis drummondii L., Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H. Grossex Nakai, Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. The uncoated area of the control plot was 27.7 percent; and it is revealed that weeds grow on most of the targeted area.

난대 기후대의 상록활엽수림 복원 모니터링 1

오구균,김보현 한국환경생태학회 1998 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.12 No.3

상록활엽수림의 식생구조 변화를 모니터링 하기 위하여 완도수목원에 20개의 고정시험구를 1996년에 설치했다. 20개의 고정시험구는 10개의 시험구와 대조구로 구분했으며, 시험구는 적정밀도로 택벌한 후 상록활엽수를 식재했다. 시험처리전 20개 고정시험구의 식생구조는 붉가시나무, 붉가시나무와 개서어나무, 소나무 등이 우점하였고, 소나무군락과 낙엽활엽수군락에서 붉가시나무군락으로 천이되는 식생구조를 나타냈다. 시험처리시험구는 붉가시나무와 소나무가 우점하는 식생구조로 바뀌었고, 관목층과 지피층의 출현종수, 개체수, 피도 등이 증가하였다. To monitor vegetation structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest, twenty plots were set up at Wando Arboretum in 1996. Twenty plots were divided into ten experimental plots and control plots. A few evergreen broad-leaved species were planted after selective cutting at ten experimental plots. Dominant species of twenty plots were Quercus acuta, Q. acuta and Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora, etc.. Vegetation structure of the experimental plots showed seral stage of succession from P. densiflora community or deciduous broad-leaved forest to Q. acuta community. Dominant species of the experimental plots were changed to Q. acuta or P. densiflora after selective cutting. And a number of species and individuals, coverages etc. were increased at shrub and ground cover layer after treatment.

개인, 인종, 그리고 역사의 불협화음 -필립 로스의『미국에 대한 음모』를 중심으로

장정훈 ( Jung Hoon Jang ) 한국영어영문학회 2012 영어 영문학 Vol.58 No.5

Philip Roth rejects the narrative unity and singularity of the traditional novel and creates instead a multi-levelled, fragmentary, and repetitive narrative. It is not easy to distinguish fact from fiction in The Plot Against America. As an entertaining and creative work of the postmodern historiographic metafiction, Philip Roth`s The Plot Against America interrogates the existence of historically verifiable facts, the validity of authentic and official version of history, and reexamines the narrative conventions of history writing. The aim of this paper is to examine Roth`s narrative experiment or ``thought experiment`` and to explore the intention of creating alternative history in The Plot Against America. Roth does a ``thought experiment`` in The Plot Against America. In this cautionary "what if" political fable, Roth hypothesizes that in 1940 aviation hero Charles Lindbergh, an ardent isolationist who was sympathetic to Hiltler, won the presidency. Jewish communities are stunned and terrified as America flirts with fascism and anti-semitism. Reimagining his children-with considerable fact mixed in with the fiction-Roth narrates an alternative history that has an unsettling plausibility. Roth has constructed a brilliantly telling and disturbing historical prism by which to refract the American psyche as it pertain to the discord of individual, race, history in The Plot Against America. Roth analyzes the life of individual in a historic space, the situation of anti-semitism in world of invisible order, racial conflict between black and white in world of visible order, and the darkest side of national power in this work. Roth`s stories argue for the equality of various cultures grounded on the common notion of humanity, for an ethic of mutual respect, and for the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

온수배관에 의한 온실 내부의 온도변화

윤용철,신익수,배승범,김현태,최진식,서원명 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.2

This study was performed to obtain a heat saving effect and enhance the efficiency of a greenhouse by using a hot water piping in order to minimize the operating costs of a greenhouse as oil prices continue to rise. This method also reduces the likelihood of accidents caused by snowdrifts in regions with heavy snowfall. In general, the experimental plot was 2.0~6.0℃ higher than the control plot. When the skylight felt was opened, the minimum temperature was in the range of 3.0~12.0℃. Therefore, we judged that damage caused by snowdrifts may be prevented partly by active heating. The temperature difference inside of the greenhouse by height was insignificant. The maximum heating load of the greenhouse according to crop was respectively about 37,000 kcal․h-1 and 41,700 kcal․h-1. During the experiment, the heat value of each designed temperature in the range of the minimum ambient temperature -11.9~4.0℃ was about 95,000~322,000 kcal and it was in the range of 6,050~20,900 kcal․h-1. If it is compared with the maximum heating load, it can be shown that about 15~56% of the heating energy can be supplied. The total heat value and the amount of power consumption were 2,629,025 kcal and 677.3 kWh respectively during the experiment. If it is heated with diesel, a fossil fuel, the consumption during the experiment was 291 L and the cost was 331,700won. Total cost of using electric power was about 24,400 won and it is shown that it is about 7.5% of the cost of diesel consumption. Also, if the total amount of power consumption is converted into energy, it is approximately 582,200 kcal and the energy was just about 22% of the total heat value. 본 연구는 유가상승에 따른 온실의 경영비 절감과 적설지역의 적설재해를 경감시키기 위하여 온수배관을 이용한 난방효과 및 온실곡부의 온도 상승효과를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 전체적으로 실험구의 온도가 대비구 보다 약 2.0~6.0℃정도 높게 나타났다. 천창부직포를 개방한 경우, 최저온도가 약 3.0~ 12.0℃범위로 나타나 적극적인 난방을 하게 되면 적설피해도 어느 정도 예방할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 온실 내부의 높이별 온도 차이는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 재배작물에 따른 온실의 최대난방부하는 각각 약 37,000 kcal․h-1 및 41,700 kcal․h-1정도이었다. 실험기간동안 최저 외기온 -11.9~4.0℃ 범위에서 설정온도별 발열량은 95,000~322,000 kcal 정도로서 시간당 6,050~20,900 kcal․h-1정도의 범위에 있었고, 최대난방부하와 비교하면 약 15~56%정도의 난방에너지를 공급할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 실험기간동안 전체 발열량과 소비전력량은 각각 2,629,025 kcal 및 677.3 kWh이었다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방 할 경우, 실험기간동안 소요되는 소비량은 291L 정도이었고, 비용은 331,700 won인 것으로 나타났다. 전력사용에 대한 총비용은 24,400 won정도로서 경유 소비 비용의 7.5%정도로 나타났다. 또한 전체 소비전력량을 에너지로 환산하면 약 582,200 kcal이고, 이 에너지는 전체 발열량의 약 22%에 불과하였다.

온수배관에 의한 온실 내부의 온도변화

윤용철,신익수,배승범,김현태,최진식,서원명 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 유가상승에 따른 온실의 경영비 절감과 적설지역의 적설재해를 경감시키기 위하여 온수배관을 이용한 난방효과 및 온실곡부의 온도 상승효과를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 전체적으로 실험구의 온도가 대비구 보다 약 2.0~6.0℃정도 높게 나타났다. 천창부직포를 개방한 경우, 최저온도가 약 3.0~12.0℃범위로 나타나 적극적인 난방을 하게 되면 적설피해도 어느 정도 예방할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 온실 내부의 높이별 온도 차이는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 재배작물에 따른 온실의 최대난방부하는 각각 약 37,000 kcal·h-1 및 41,700 kcal·h-1정도이었다. 실험기간동안 최저 외기온 -11.9~4.0℃ 범위에서 설정온도별 발열량은 95,000~322,000 kcal 정도로서 시간당 6,050~20,900 kcal·h-1정도의 범위에 있었고, 최대난방부하와 비교하면 약 15~56%정도의 난방에너지를 공급할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 실험기간동안 전체 발열량과 소비전력량은 각각 2,629,025 kcal 및 677.3 kWh이었다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방 할 경우, 실험기간동안 소요되는 소비량은 291L 정도이었고, 비용은 331,700 won인 것으로 나타났다. 전력사용에 대한 총비용은 24,400 won정도로서 경유 소비 비용의 7.5%정도로 나타났다. 또한 전체 소비전력량을 에너지로 환산하면 약 582,200 kcal이고, 이 에너지는 전체 발열량의 약 22%에 불과하였다. This study was performed to obtain a heat saving effect and enhance the efficiency of a greenhouse by using a hot water piping in order to minimize the operating costs of a greenhouse as oil prices continue to rise. This method also reduces the likelihood of accidents caused by snowdrifts in regions with heavy snowfall. In general, the experimental plot was 2.0~6.0℃ higher than the control plot. When the skylight felt was opened, the minimum temperature was in the range of 3.0~12.0℃. Therefore, we judged that damage caused by snowdrifts may be prevented partly by active heating. The temperature difference inside of the greenhouse by height was insignificant. The maximum heating load of the greenhouse according to crop was respectively about 37,000 kcal·h-1 and 41,700 kcal·h-1. During the experiment, the heat value of each designed temperature in the range of the minimum ambient temperature -11.9~4.0℃ was about 95,000~322,000 kcal and it was in the range of 6,050~20,900 kcal·h-1. If it is compared with the maximum heating load, it can be shown that about 15~56% of the heating energy can be supplied. The total heat value and the amount of power consumption were 2,629,025 kcal and 677.3 kWh respectively during the experiment. If it is heated with diesel, a fossil fuel, the consumption during the experiment was 291 L and the cost was 331,700won. Total cost of using electric power was about 24,400 won and it is shown that it is about 7.5% of the cost of diesel consumption. Also, if the total amount of power consumption is converted into energy, it is approximately 582,200 kcal and the energy was just about 22% of the total heat value.

유기퇴비를 이용한 급경사 농경지 토양유실 저감

고일하,강희천,권요셉,유찬,정문호,지원현,Koh, Il-Ha,Kang, Hui-Cheon,Kwon, Yo Seb,Yu, Chan,Jeong, Mun-Ho,Ji, Won Hyun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2020 지하수토양환경 Vol.25 No.4

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of organic compost for reducing soil loss in 25% sloped farm land. For the study, laboratory and field experiment were performed. After nine weeks monitoring in pot test, hardness of the amended soil with organic compost (1%~3%, w/w) showed two times higher than the control soil. Furthermore, soil loss of that was decreased by 95% under rainfall simulation test. From the result of laboratory experiment, organic compost with 2% (w/w) was applied for field experimental plot. After six month from April to September, the amount of soil loss became 67% of the initial, and the growth of natural vegetation was not hampered. Therefore, organic compost can be used as amendment materials to reduce soil loss in sloped farmland.

An experimental study on the thermal and fouling characteristics in a washable shell and helically coiled heat exchanger by the Wilson plot method

구경민,황준현,허현,이재근,나병철,황윤재,김병순,안영철 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.6

Brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHEX) are broadly used in water source heat pump systems for their large heat transfer capacity. Despite their high heat transfer rate, their high-performance rate tends to decrease sharply, due to fouling and they cannot be cleaned. So the thermal and fouling resistances of washable Shell and helically coiled tube heat exchangers (SCHEX) are designed and experimentally investigated in this study. Heat exchangers with two different tube types are studied and compared with a brazed plate heat exchanger. The overall thermal resistance coefficient of the heat exchangers as determined by using Wilson plots is 38% lower than that of the brazed plate heat exchanger at a Reynolds number of 2460. Fouling test results revealed that regular maintenance and physical cleaning can be used to maintain the thermal resistance of fouling of the washable heat exchanger at a level equal to or less than that of the brazed plate heat exchanger.

온수배관을 이용한 온실의 난방성능

윤용철(Yong Cheol Yoon),신익수(Yik Soo Shin),김현태(Hyeon Tae Kim),배승범(Seoung Beom Bae),최진식(Jin Sik Choi),서원명(Won Myung Suh) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2012 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 온실의 난방 에너지 절감을 목적으로 온실 내부에 알루미늄 온수배관을 설치하여 난방효과에 대한 기초자료를 구축하고자 수행되었다. 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 실험을 포함하여 온실내의 높이별 온도편차는 4.0~7.0℃ 정도의 범위로서 그 차이가 크게 나타났다. 팬코일유니트(FCU)를 작동시킨 경우가 작동시키지 않은 경우에 비해 유출입수의 온도차가 3.3℃ 정도 크고, 소비전력량은 36.2~40.1% 정도 증가하였으며, 시간당 방열량은 44.6~52.0% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험기간동안 순환유량은 0.48~0.49L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었고, 평균유속은 1.53~1.56m · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도였다. 유출입수의 평균 온도차는 6.24~11.50℃이었다. 최저 외기온 ?14.0~?0.6℃ 범위에서 설정온도별 방열량은 135,930~307,150㎉ 정도의 범위로서 시간당 9,610~19,630㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었다. 이것은 최대난방부하의 약 23~53% 정도의 난방에너지를 공급할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 전체 방열량과 소비전력량은 각각 2,548,306㎉ 및 3,075.7㎾h이다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방할 경우, 소요되는 경유의 총 소비량은 281.6L 정도이고 비용은 321,000won인 것으로 나타났다. 농가용 전력요금을 적용하면 전력사용에 대한 총비용은 110,730won 정도로서 경유 소비 비용의 33.5% 정도로 나타났다. 실험구의 온도가 대조구보다 약 8.3~14.6℃ 정도 높게 나타났다. This research was conducted to obtain basic data with regard to the heating performance that would be produced by installing an aluminum hot water pipe inside the greenhouse with the goal of reducing the heating energy in greenhouse. The research results are summarized as follows. The degree of difference in relation to the temperature by height within the greenhouse during the entire experiment was significant - within the range of 4.0~7.0℃. The temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was about 3.3℃ greater when FCU was activated compared to when it was not activated. Meanwhile, the amount of energy consumed increased about 36.2~40.1%. The amount of pyrexia per hour also increased by 44.6~52.0%. During the experiment period, circulated flux was within the range of 0.48~0.49 L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> while average fluid speed was 1.53~1.56 m · s<SUP>?1</SUP>. The average temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was 6.24~11.50℃. The amount of heating value by each set temperature within the minimum outdoor temperature range of ?14.0~?0.6℃ was 135,930~307,150 ㎉, and the range was within the 9,610~19,630 ㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> per hour. This demonstrated that about 23~53% heating energy of the maximum heating load could be supplied. Total radiating value and amount of energy consumed were 2,548,306 ㎉ and 3,075.7 ㎾h, respectively. When heating takes place using oil, which is a fossil fuel, the total amount of light oil consumed was 281.6 L while the cost was 321,000 won. When the electricity cost for farms is applied, the total cost was about 110,730 won, which is about 33.5% of the cost required compared to oil consumption. The temperature at in the experiment area was about 8.3~14.6℃ higher compared to that of the control area.

2단분할법 측정 실험계획에 의한 게이지 정밀도 산정

최성운 대한안전경영과학회 2009 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.1

2단분할법 측정 실험계획에 의한 게이지 정밀도 산정

최성운 대한안전경영과학회 2009 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

The paper presents the measurement split split-plot models for saving the time and cost. The split split-plot designs developed are efficiently used to estimating the gauge R&R(Reproducibility & Repeatability) when the completely randomized design of all factors(such as high pressure and temperature) is expensive and time consuming. The models studied include three split split-plots considering the type of experimental units.